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Moisture content impact on mechanical properties of selected cohesive soils from the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship southern part

Pezowicz P., Choma-Moryl K.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2015

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Vol. 37, nr 4

37--46

EN

Results of investigations of shearing resistance and compressibility of fine-grained cohesive soil from the southern part of the wielkopolskie voivodeship in relation to the increasing moisture content are presented. The analysis of two series of samples, using soil paste for the consistency index of 0.9 and 0.4–0.3 was carried out. The results imply that the increasing moisture content causes a decrease in the angle of shearing resistance and cohesion and is also reflected in the higher compressibility of the soil. It was observed that regardless of the soil consistency, the angle of shearing resistance decreases and the cohesion value and the oedometric modulus of primary (consolidation) and secondary compressibility grows with the increase in the clay fraction.

2

Charakterystyka zmian deformacyjnych gruntów antropogenicznych z osadników cukrowni

Choma-Moryl K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 9/2

892-897

EN

Sewer sludge that fills four wet dumps of the closed Małoszyn Sugar Factory in Malczyce near Środa Śląska, Lower Silesia constitutes a very specific anthropogenic soil. It is composed of grains and mineral particles transported in suspension after sugar beets pre-processing treatment. Presently the wet dumps are to be recultivated to meet the requirements of environmental protection. According to the recultivation project the wet dumps will be backfilled with suitable waste material and covered with sand and soil to stimulate soil forming processes. Finally grass, clover and shrubs will be introduced. The recultivation layer thickness will reach 3-6 m. Anthropogenic soil that fills the wet dumps is up to 2-3 m thick. The grain-size distribution is generally consistent with silty loam, silty clay loam and silty clay. Quartz, illite and chlorite dominate the mineral composition. The wet dump's bottom is formed by clays of the Poznań Formation, practically impermeable. Silt-dominated soils deposited in a water environment are highly susceptible to deformations caused by water and overload. Deformation behaviour was studied for the soil in a semi-solid state as well as in a soft-plastic state. Varying influence of water results, among others, in shrinkage (Ls) and swelling of the soils, characterized in the present study by swelling strain (p). Load-induced deformation of the soils is described basing on the modulus of primary compressibility. Basing on the results obtained it may be stated that the investigated anthropogenic soil undergoes moderate deformations under the influence of water. The swelling strain does not exceed 0.5-1.2% for the soil in a soft-plastic state and amount to 3.1-4.3% in a semi-solid state. The soil shrinkage limit varies between 3 and 5%. On the other hand load-induced deformations will be of remarkably higher importance. The soil in a soft-plastic state shows high shrinkage that is comparable with the one for organic soils. The modulus of primary compressibility is 282.3-925.9 kPa. The compressibility is markedly lower for a semi-solid state (MO =1 190.5-2 000 kPa). Characteristically, in both soft-plastic and semi-solid states the soil shows higher compressibility for lower load values 0-50 kPa than for the higher range 0-200 kPa. These compressibility values should be taken into account during backfilling of the wet dumps with various safe waste materials at recultivation. The load-induced pressure, initially low, will increase with adding consecutive layers. Thus highest soil deformations should be expected during the initial backfilling stages and their intensity may be estimated using the modulus of primary compressibility.

3

Warunki gruntowo-wodne wybranych rejonów centrum Wrocławia

Choma-Moryl K.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2010

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nr 440

25--36

PL

Warunki gruntowo-wodne centrum Wrocławia przedstawiono na podstawie badań wykonanych dla kilku obiektów zlokalizowanych w niewielkiej odległości od koryta Odry, na odcinku pomiędzy mostem Grunwaldzkim a mostem Milenijnym. Na omawianym obszarze gliny zlodowacenia sanu 2 występują na głębokości 12–15 m. Gliny te są skonsolidowane, twardoplastyczne na granicy półzwartych. Powyżej występują piaski i żwiry średniozagęszczone i zagęszczone. Są one nawodnione, a głębokość zwierciadła wody jest ściśle uzależniona od poziomu wody w Odrze. W ich obrębie mogą występować przewarstwienia i soczewy gruntów organicznych, o zróżnicowanej miąższości od kilkudziesięciu centymetrów do 2–3 m. Na powierzchni terenu występują utwory antropogeniczne w postaci warstw kulturowych, nasypów budowlanych i nasypów niebudowlanych będących w dużej mierze pozostałością po działaniach wojennych z okresu II wojny światowej. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników badań stwierdzono, że posadowienie budynków w tym rejonie będzie uzależnione od głębokości występowania gliny zlodowacenia sanu 2 i zróżnicowanego wykształcenia utworów na nich zalegających.

EN

The ground and water conditions of the Wrocław city centre are presented based on the study conducted on several objects located near the Odra riverbed and in-between the Grunwaldzki Bridge and Millenium Bridge. In this area, glacial tills of the Sanian 2 Glaciations are found at the depth of 12–15 m. These tills are consolidated, hard-plastic and with a tendency to becoming semi-solid. They are overlain by compacted and medium-compacted sands and gravels that are irrigated and the water level depth is directly linked to the water levels of the Odra River. Interbedding of soil strata and lenticules of organic soils with variable thickness ranging between a few tens of centimetres and 2–3 m can occur in these deposits. The surface of the area is covered with non-engineering fills resulting mostly from warfare during the World War II. The results allow stating that the construction of buildings in this region will depend on both the depth to the Sanian 2 till and the lithological variability of the overlying deposits.

4

Expansiveness of selected basaltoid weathering products in Lower Silesia, Poland

Choma-Moryl K.

Geologia Sudetica

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2007

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Vol. 39

1-9

EN

The weathering products of Tertiary basaltic rocks in Lower Silesia comprise clays that contain various amounts of smectite-group minerals, illite, kaolinite, quartz and coarser fragments of non-weathered rock. Deposits of weathering products whose volume is of economic importance occur in Krzeniów near Złotoryja, Męcinka near Jawor and Dunino near Krotoszyce. The expansiveness of these weathering products is evaluated using laboratory analyses of swelling and shrinkage and the empirical nomograms of van der Merwe and Seed. The measured results of swelling of products dominated by smectite-group minerals, and of halloysite weathering products, indicate that the swelling depends on mineral composition. The smectite clays (Krzeniów and Jawor-Męcinka) display swelling strain ep in the range 20.3-31.8% whereas, for the halloysite products (Dunino), the range is 10.0-18.3%. The lowest linear shrinkage characterised the samples from Jawor-Męcinka and the highest, the weathering products with 79-81% clay fraction from Dunino. Most of the basaltic weathering products fall in the van der Merwe nomogram fields of low and medium potential expansiveness. High and very high potential expansiveness is shown by the Dunino weathering products. On the Seed nomogram, the weathering products plot within the field of low expansiveness except for some high and very high expansiveness values from the uppermost halloysite horizons at Dunino.

5

Ocena możliwości sorpcyjnych Cd i Pb przez wybrane grunty spoiste z terenu Dolnego Śląska (Polska) w aspekcie ich wykorzystania do uszczelnienia składowisk odpadów

Choma-Moryl K., Rinke M.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2005

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T. 21, z. 2

69-82

PL

Przeprowadzone badania dotyczyły oceny możliwości sorpcyjnych ołowiu i kadmu przez trzeciorzędowe i czwartorzędowe iły i gliny z sześciu wybranych złóż na Dolnym Śląsku. Próby należą do trzech grup mineralnych (iły smektytowe, kaolinitowe oraz polimineralne), charakteryzują je: zawartość frakcji iłowej w granicach 12-56%, wartości CEC od 8,7 do 72,8 meq/100g, powierzchnia właściwa od 7 do 149 m2. Do analizy sorpcji metali zastosowano metodę BATCH o gęstości zawiesiny 10 g/l i stężeniach początkowych metali: 0,5 mg/I, 1,0 mg/l, 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l i 20 mg/l w wodzie destylowanej i w odciekach ze składowiska odpadów. Wyniki badań wykazały, że najwyższą zdolność sorpcyjną metali wykazują grunty o najwyższych wartościach pojemności wymiany kationowej i powierzchni właściwej (z Krzeniowa), a na proces sorpcji wpływ ma forma występowania metali oraz siła jonowa roztworu. Zdolność sorpcyjna gruntów uzależniona jest przede wszystkim od ich składu mineralnego, mniejsze znaczenie odgrywa skład granulometryczny. Dla czterech analizowanych gruntów zdolność sorpcji ołowiu była wyższa niż kadmu, dla dwóch porządek ten był odwrotny, co wynika z odmiennego składu mineralnego tych prób. Przy sorpcji kadmu z odcieków o stężeniu metali 20 mg/l grunty są bliskie osiągnięcia stanu nasycenia, zwłaszcza grunty o niższej pojemności wymiany kationowej.

EN

The investigations were concentrated on the assessment of the sorption capacity of various clays against Cd and Pb. The samples were collected from Tertiary and Quaternary clays from 6 selected deposits within the Lower Silesia and represented three mineral groups (smectite, kaolinite and poly-mineral clays) characterised by the following properties: clay fraction content from 12 to 56% CEC from 8.7 to 72.8 meq/100g, specific surface from 7 to 149 m2. In the analysis of the metals sorption the BATCH method was applied and the parameters were as follows: the suspension density 10 g/l and initial metals concentrations: 0.5 mg/l, 1.0 mg/l, 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l and 20 mg/l in distilled water and landfill leachate. The investigations results imply that the highest sorption capacity in relation to metals is represented by soils with the highest CEC values and the largest specific surface (i.e. the soils from Krzeniów). The investigations pointed also to the influence of the metals species form and the ionic strenght of the solution on the sorption process. The sorption capacity of soils mainly depends on their mineral composition, whereas the grain-size composition is of a lesser importance. In the case of 4 of the soils investigated, the sorption capacity for lead was higher than that for cadmium, whereas for the other two soils, the order was reverse, which may be due to a different mineral composition of these samples. In the case of the sorption of metals from leachates with the concentration of 20 mg/l the soils were close to the state of saturation - this holds mostly for the soils characterised by a lower CEC value.