Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Surface characteristics and ion leaching of 17-4 precipitation hardening stainless steel orthodontic brackets exposed to salt water and fluoride-based oral rinses

Bangalore Durgesh, Alhassoun Raghad, Alaqeel Samer M., Alsadon Omar, Alshahrani Obaid A., Alsarani Majed M., Alsharif Maymoonah, Matinlinna Jukka Pekka

Materials Science Poland

|

2025

|

Vol. 43, No. 2

113--126

EN

The aim of this laboratory study is to analyze, compare, and contrast qualitatively and quantitatively the surface roughness and metal ion leaching of two brands of orthodontic precipitation hardening 17-4 stainless steel (SS) brackets exposed to salt water and commercially available NaF-based oral rinses. A total of 60 SS maxillary premolar orthodontic brackets from two brands (Victory Series™, and Mini Diamond Twin™) were assigned to three groups (n = 10). The brackets were immersed in NaF-containing oral rinses (Listerine™ or Orex™), or salt water rinse for 28 days. Microhardness (Vickers hardness number, VHN) and surface roughness (Ra) before and after immersion in oral rinses were evaluated using a non-contact optical profilometer. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze the ion leaching into oral rinses. The local surface changes and elemental analysis of corrosion-free and corrosion spots after immersion were assessed and compared using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software using one-way analysis of variance, the Tukey’s post hoc test, and paired t-test (α = 0.05). The VHN of the brackets was significantly different at baseline and after immersion in the oral rinses (P < 0.05). The mean Ra before immersion in oral rinses for the two groups of the orthodontic brackets was significantly different (P < 0.01). The brackets immersed in salt water for Victory™ (0.65 ± 0.07 µm) and Mini Diamond™ (0.76 ± 0.08 µm) demonstrated significantly lower roughness values than NaF-based oral rinses (Listerine™ or Orex™) (P < 0.01). However, the difference in Rabetween the bracket systems was significant only for Listerine™ and Orex™ rinses (P > 0.01). The ICP-MS analysis showed significant differences for Cu and Zn ions in Listerine™ and all ions except Ni for salt water oral rinses. On the contrary, the comparison between the bracket systems for the metal ions showed no significant difference in the Orex™ group (P > 0.05). Salt water oral rinses demonstrated significantly fewer surface changes than NaF-containing oral rinses. The leaching of the metal ions was significant for Fe2+ and Cr3+ but did not vary considerably for Ni2+ between the evaluated oral rinses.

2

Wytyczne kształtowania i projektowania przewodów spalinowych w kominach przemysłowych

Kubiszyn Wiesław

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

|

2025

|

R. 81, nr 3

235--242

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z kształtowaniem i projektowaniem stalowych przewodów spalinowych w kominach przemysłowych, stalowych, ceramicznych i żelbetowych. W projektowaniu przewodów spalinowych obowiązują zasady i wymagania określone w Eurokodach PN-EN 1993-3-2 i prEN 1993-3 oraz w normach związanych: PN-EN 1993-1-6, PN-EN 13084-1, PN-EN 13084-6 i PN-EN 13084-7. Opisano zasady kształtowania oraz przyjęte rozwiązania materiałowe przewodów spalinowych. Przedstawiono również zasady projektowania tych przewodów z uwzględnieniem oddziaływania różnicy temperatur i wpływu odkształceń lub przemieszczeń trzonu kominowego. W podsumowaniu artykułu zarekomendowano realizację stalowych kominów dwupowłokowych z wkładem ze stali nierdzewnej jako rozwiązanie spełniające normowe wymaganie trwałości kominów stalowych.

EN

The article presents issues related to the shaping and design of steel liners in industrial chimneys, steel, ceramic and reinforced concrete. The design of steel liners is governed by the principles and requirements specified in Eurocodes PN-EN 1993-3-2 and prEN 1993-3, as well as related standards: PN-EN 1993-1-6; PN-EN 13084-1; PN-EN 13084-6 and PN-EN 13084-7. The principles of design and adopted material solutions for steel liners are described. The principles of designing these liners taking into account the effect of temperature difference and the effect of deformation or displacement of the chimney shaft are also presented. In conclusion, the article recommends the realization of steel double skin chimneys with a stainless steel liner as a solution that meets the standard requirement for the durability of steel chimneys.

3

Nośność w pożarze słupów wykonanych z wybranych rodzajów stali nierdzewnych – analiza porównawcza

Maślak Mariusz, Zajdel Paulina, Kuraś Piotr

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

|

2025

|

R. 81, nr 3

293--299

PL

Wyznaczono odniesioną do warunków pożaru nośność specyfikowaną ze względu na wyboczenie giętne i identyfikowaną dla odpowiadających sobie słupów o identycznej geometrii i sposobie podparcia, wykonanych z różnych gatunków stali nierdzewnych, o zróżnicowanej strukturze materiału. W celach porównawczych uzyskane wyniki odniesiono do analogicznej nośności tych samych słupów, projektowanych tym razem z wybranych gatunków niestopowych stali konstrukcyjnych, kojarzonych z rozpatrywanymi wcześniej stalami nierdzewnymi z uwagi na zbliżoną wytrzymałość. Pokazano, że struktura stali nierdzewnej determinuje jej odporność ogniową. Na ogół jednak jest to odporność znacząco większa niż ta, która charakteryzuje typowe konstrukcyjne stale niestopowe.

EN

The load-bearing capacity specified for flexural buckling and related to fire conditions was precisely determined. It was identified for corresponding columns with identical geometry and support method, made of stainless steels of various types, with differentiated crystal structures. For comparative purposes, the obtained results were referred to the analogous load-bearing capacity of the same columns, designed this time from non-alloy structural steels of selected types, associated with the previously considered stainless steels due to their similar strength. It was shown that the internal structure of a stainless steel determines its fire resistance. In general, however, this resistance is significantly higher in relation to that which characterizes the typical non-alloy structural steels.

4

Optimization of tungsten inert gas welding process parameters for joining austenitic stainless steel and copper using the Taguchi method

Bensaid Nabil, Benlamnouar Mohamed Farid, Laksir Yazid Laib Dit, Saadi Tahar, Badji Riad

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2025

|

Vol. 19, no. 1

209--219

EN

This study aims to optimize the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding parameters for joining AISI 316L stainless steel and Cu-ETP copper using 309L stainless steel filler rods. Welding dissimilar materials is challenging due to their significant differences in thermal and mechanical properties. The high thermal conductivity of Cu-ETP copper leads to rapid heat dissipation, causing uneven heat distribution at the weld interface. To address this issue, the research team applied a 1 mm offset of the welding torch toward the copper side to balance the heat input. They employed statistical analyses using ANOVA and the Taguchi method to determine the optimal process parameters. The results showed that the optimal welding current, welding speed, and gas flow for achieving high tensile strength (Rm) are 90 A, 0.5 mm/s, and 12 l/min, respectively. Among these, welding speed emerged as the most significant factor, influencing 48.74% of the weld characteristics. Mechanical testing confirmed that these parameters produced high-quality welds. Metallurgical analysis revealed minimal diffusion between the materials, preserving their distinct properties while minimizing the formation of undesirable intermetallic phases. These results highlight the effectiveness of TIG welding in creating robust joints between AISI 316L stainless steel and Cu-ETP copper for applications requiring a combination of both materials' properties.

5

Improved corrosion resistance in biomaterial applications of AISI 316L alloy

Maged Saja A. Abdul, Hadi Rusul Salah

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2025

|

Vol. 19, no. 9

254--265

EN

This paper addresses the corrosion performance of AISI 316L stainless steel, an important biomaterial, in simulated physiological environments and aggressive media. Rectangular samples (1 cm × 1 cm, 1 mm thickness) were prepared from 316L alloy and electrochemical tests were performed in a 3 electrode cell at 37 ◦C ± 0.4 ◦C. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were recorded after 2 hours of immersion in Ringer's solution and other media with an overvoltage range of [ -400 mV, +400 mV] versus Ag/AgCl. The polarization resistance in Ringer's solution was 2.1 kΩ·cm2 (±0.18) with corrosion current density of 0.23 µA/cm2, which was better than NaCl and HNO3 solutions. The carbonate ions in Ringer's inhibited the pitting corrosion pathway while low carbon content in the alloy prevented the formation of carbides at grain boundaries inhibiting intergranular corrosion. These results demonstrate that the homogeneity of the alloy and stability of the passive film are both essential to corrosion resistance and influenced by other factors such as chemical composition, structure, and environmental condition. These findings provide evidence for AISI 316L stainless steel as appropriate biomedical material where long-term corrosion resistance is an important design factor.

6

Enhancing laser cutting quality of stainless steel 201 by controlling dross formation and surface roughness using multi-factor experimental design

Zabon Anwar Hassan, Abbas Tahseen Fadhil, Bedan Aqeel Sabree

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2025

|

Vol. 19, no. 7

458--470

EN

A better process and products are thought to require characterization, evaluation of effects, and understanding of the damage extension caused by the Laser Cutting (LC) process on the surface integrity of the cut workpieces, given its many benefits and applications in the industry. In this work, 32-run CCD was used under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to examine the laser cutting of stainless steel 201 (SST 201) utilizing a 32-run experimental design. Laser power (Pu), cutting speed (V), frequency (F), focal position (FP), and gas pressure (P) are chosen as parameters for the input process, where the surface roughness and dross formation are taken into account as response variables in this process. Each parameter's relevance and impact was evaluated by a thorough statistical analysis that included Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), counters plots, main effect plots, and residual plots. The ANOVA results for surface roughness (Ra) and dross generated area (DA) are closely related since both are influenced by process parameters. While improving assist gas pressure enhances the surface quality and lowers the accumulation, increasing the laser power and cutting speed decreases both roughness and dross.

7

Study on laser welding of a copper material and stainless steel

Wang Renping

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2024

|

T. 103, nr 9

963--967

EN

A com. fiber laser was used to weld Cu and stainless steel plates. The laser power was 2.2 kW, the welding speed 2.5 mm/s, the spot diam. about 0.5 mm, and the wire feeding speed 2-3.5 mm/s. Ar gas flow rate was 10 L/min. The weld produced was smooth and defect-free, the grain distribution was uniform and the mech. properties of the joint were high. The av. tensile strength of the welded joints was 984 MPa, and the av. yield strength of the joints was 351.4 MPa. The superior ity and potential of laser welding in dissimilar metal welding was evidenced.

PL

Do spawania płyt z miedzi i stali nierdzewnej użyto komercyjnego lasera światłowodowego. Moc lasera wynosiła 2,2 kW, prędkość spawania 2,5 mm/s, średnica plamki ok. 0,5 mm, prędkość podawania drutu 2-3,5 mm/s, a natężenie przepływu argonu 10 L/min. Uzyskana spoina była gładka i wolna od wad, rozkład ziarna był równomierny. Spoina miała dobre właściwości mechaniczne. Średnia wytrzymałość na rozciąganie spoin spawanych wynosiła 984 MPa, a średnia granica plastyczności spoin to 351,4 MPa. Udowodniono potencjał spawania laserowego w spawaniu różnych metali.

8

Enhancement of the corrosion resistance for stainless steel 316 by applying laser shock peening

Jasim Sarah A., Ayesh Ammar, Kadhim A., Abdullah Oday I.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 26, nr 1

1--7

EN

This research paper focuses on enhancing the surface characteristics of the 316 stainless steel (SS316) alloy, including roughness, microhardness, and corrosion resistance. Where the application of ND-YAG laser technology, a highly relevant and timely area, was investigated deeply. The Q-switching Nd: YAG Laser was used with varying laser energy levels within the context of the laser shock peening (LSP) technique. The corrosion resistance of the 316 ss alloy is evaluated in a corrosive environment of 500 mL of saliva (with a pH of 5.6) through electrochemical corrosion testing. Corrosion rate was determined based on the analysis of polarization curves. The outcomes of this research reveal that as the laser energy was increased, there was a noticeable enhancement in the mechanical properties of the 316 ss alloy’s surface. Importantly, the corrosion rate experiences a significant reduction, decreasing from 4.94 mm/yr to 3.59 mm/yr following laser shock peening (LSP) application.

9

The effect of anodic polarization of 304 stainless steel in choline chloride-based DES solvent on its surface morphology and corrosion resistance

Marczewski Marek, Tylus Włodzimierz, Winiarska Juliusz

Ochrona przed Korozją

|

2024

|

nr 4

96--105

EN

AISI 304 alloy steel was polarized anodically in a deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and oxalic acid (1 : 1 molar ratio) at the temperature range of 25–75°C and the current density range of 2.5–45 mA cm−2. No improvement in visual parameters (gloss) was observed with increasing temperature. That was due to the formation of numerous pits on the surface as evidenced by SEM microscopy. AFM showed at lower temperatures the evenly distributed shallow pits, while at higher temperatures – less numerous but larger ones. XPS and ICP-AES analysis showed that the anodic polarization process increased the content of oxidized chromium on the surface and indicated high degree of iron leaching from the material. Morphology of this passive layer, which thickness was calculated to 3.3 nm, was characterized by uniform mixture of Cr(III) oxide and hydroxide. In contrast to chemically etched steel, polarization in DES produced surface layer enriched with Cr2O3 (56% instead of 28% total share) with lower share of Cr(OH)3 (41% instead of 70% total share). Anodic polarization process in proposed DES was responsible for a slight increase in corrosion resistance of 304 steel.

PL

Stal stopową AISI 304 poddano polaryzacji anodowej w rozpuszczalniku eutektycznym złożonym z chlorku choliny i kwasu szczawiowego (1 : 1 molowo) w temperaturze 25–75°C i przy gęstości prądu 2,5– 45 mA cm−2. Nie zaobserwowano poprawy połysku wraz ze wzrostem temperatury procesu ze względu na powstanie licznych wżerów na powierzchni, widocznych za pomocą mikroskopii SEM. Analiza AFM wykazała, że w niższych temperaturach wżery są płytkie i równomiernie rozmieszczone, a w wyższych są większe i mniej liczne. Analizy XPS i ICP-AES ujawniły, że na skutek polaryzacji anodowej wzrasta ilość utlenionego chromu w powierzchni stali, czemu towarzyszy nadmierne roztwarzanie żelaza ze stopu. Morfologia wytworzonej warstwy pasywnej, o grubości około 3,3 nm, to jednorodna mieszanina tlenku i wodorotlenku Cr(III). W porównaniu z trawioną chemicznie stalą polaryzacja anodowa w DES skutkuje wytworzeniem warstwy powierzchniowej wzbogaconej w Cr2O3 (56% zamiast 28% zawartości) i z mniejszym udziałem Cr(OH)3 (41% zamiast 70%). Proces polaryzacji anodowej stali 304 w zaproponowanym DES przyczynił się do poprawy odporności na korozję.

10

Corrosion of materials used for car exhaust systems in road salt environment

Jagielska-Wiaderek Karina, Golański Grzegorz

Diagnostyka

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, No. 4

art. no. 2024410

EN

The paper presents the results and analysis of potentiokinetic investigation on materials used in elements of exhaust systems in combustion engine vehicles. The tests were performed for stainless steel X5CrNi18-10 and titanium 3.7035. The resistance to general corrosion and the susceptibility to pitting corrosion was determined for these materials in environments containing chloride ions ranging between 0.2÷1.0M. Moreover, the susceptibility to repassivation was examined. The performed tests showed high electrochemical stability of titanium and lack of the susceptibility to pitting corrosion in the applied environmental conditions. What was observed for the stainless steel was the development of pitting corrosion at ion concentration of [Cl-] > 0.6 mol/dm3 , as well as the lack of influence of ion concentration on the repassivation potential.

11

Enhanced wear and corrosion performance of stainless steel 316L with addition of different weight percentages of GNP

Veeramallu Kalyanamanohar, Krishna Alluru Gopala

Composites Theory and Practice

|

2024

|

R. 24, nr 1

25--32

EN

The present study reports on the significant improvement in the wear and corrosion resistance of SS316L by adding Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) of varying wt.% (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75), composites which were prepared by the pressureless sintering technique. The GNP addition can significantly improve the wear and corrosion resistance of SS316L. The wear and corrosion rates for the 0.5 wt.% GNP composite were reduced by 43% and 98%, respectively. The corrosion morphology showed that pitting corrosion was reduced by reinforcing 316L with 0.5 wt.% GNP. Moreover, the intergranular sites were more vulnerable to the corrosion medium when GNP was used at 0.75 wt.%. The worn surface morphology revealed that the tribofilm reduces the coefficient of friction and wear rate due to the lubricating nature of GNP. The presence of GNP was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy in terms of the tribofilm.

12

Fabrication of a Plate-Type Porous Stainless Steel 316L Powder Filter with Different Pore Structures without Use of a Binder

Yun Su-Jin, Kim Hyeon-Ju, Seo Eun-Chae, Kim Min-Ji, Park Manho, Lee Jungwoo, Yun Jung-Yeul

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2024

|

Vol. 69, iss. 2

497--500

EN

Generally, when fabricating porous filters using metal powder, about 1 to 2 wt% of a binder is added to increase the formability of the metal powder. If the binder is not completely removed through a debinding and sintering process, however it can cause defects such as discoloration and the generation of fine particles. In this study, a study was conducted to fabricate a plate-type porous stainless steel powder filter with a different pore structure without the use of a biner. First, the metal powder is charged into a ceramic mold to form a plate-shaped powder filter, and then covered with a ceramic top plate. In order to observe the pore properties according to the pressure, the unpressurized specimen and the specimen pressurized with a pressure of 30 MPa were then sintered at 1050℃ for one hour in a high vacuum atmosphere furnace. The microstructure of the sintered plate-shaped powder filter was observed through an optical microscope and in order to analyze its pore properties as a filter, gas permeability and porosity were measured using a capillary flow porometer and Archimedes’ law.

13

Pulse frequency density modulation full bridge for induction preheating application of stainless-steel welding

Chakkuchan P., Chudjuarjeen S., Phankong N.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 127, nr 1

23--31

EN

Purpose: The paper shows the problem of surface cracks from welding (TIG welding) to welding stainless steel pipe (heat-affected zone: HAZ). The study is an experiment of preparing welding with non-heating workpieces and preheating the workpiece using the principle of induction, heating with a fluid inverter circuit that can adjust power by frequency control, pulse frequency density modulation (PFDM) to maintain temperature for industrial. Design/methodology/approach: The control circuit is responsible for regulating the functioning of different devices and the speed of operation of the switch device. It divides the control into two closed loops: phase-angle feedback and current feedback. The phase-angle feedback loop ensures frequency tracking during the phase check angle, enabling the inverter to operate at frequencies higher than the resonant frequency throughout its operation. The process of arc welding was employed in the fusion of stainless-steel materials. Preheating is a crucial step in the welding process, as it serves to uphold the integrity of the weld and mitigate the occurrence of undesirable outcomes such as cracking and the subsequent requirement for rework. The Welding Process Specification (WPS) about the task at hand will delineate the lower and upper limits of preheating temperatures and the requisite period for preheating. High-quality products should be devoid of these imperfections and possess comprehensive welding reinforcement. Additional welding certifications encompassed a tensile testing procedure, a microhardness testing procedure, and a comprehensive microstructure analysis. Findings: Applying an alternating voltage to an induction coil generates an alternating current (AC) within the coil circuit. The induced currents exhibit a frequency identical to that of the coil current, although they possess an opposite direction to the coil current. These currents facilitate heat generation through the phenomenon known as the Joule effect. The temperature range of 250°C-400°C can be effectively regulated for preheating stainless steel by using high-frequency electric process heating in induction welding, hence achieving the desired welding preheat. There are two primary classifications for inverters: voltage-source inverters and current-source inverters. Research limitations/implications: The main research limitation is comparing preheat and non-preheat. The size of the heat-affected zones is influenced by the rate of heating and cooling brought on by machining processes. By influencing the microstructural changes in that area, precise control of the variables can impact the integrity of the weld zones. The microstructural characteristics of the metal are different from the rest of the subject because welding heats the metal. The topic is heated up beforehand to ensure smooth welding and structural integrity. Because there is less of a temperature difference between the weld zone and the base material, preheating during welding results in less shrinkage stress. Distortions and crack flaws might result from higher shrinkage stress. Practical implications: NDT, or non-destructive testing, is a weld integrity test to find defects that occur in the weld without damaging that welding line and continuing to use it safely. For the welding line to be strong according to the design of that welding line (conformance to design), the test will use the principles of physical properties, such as light, X or gamma rays, magnetic fields, and high-frequency sound waves. Originality/value: In the research, stainless steel was successfully welded to preheat using induction heating (IH).

14

Influence of L-PBF additive manufacturing parameters on the residual stresses and thermal distortions in AISI 316L stainless steel parts

Santos O., Batalha G.F., Farias V., Seriacop V., Bordinassi E.C., Adamiak M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 127, nr 1

12--22

EN

Purpose: The work aimed to numerically model through the Finite Element Method (FEM) the distribution of residual stresses and thermal distortions in parts generated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) in stainless steel AISI 316L and validate the results obtained through experimental measurements on previously manufactured parts. Design/methodology/approach: The design methodology followed a numerical approach through the Finite Element Method (FEM), the distribution of residual stresses and thermal distortions in parts generated by Selective Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) in stainless steel AISI 316L and the FEM approach was validated trough the results obtained through experimental measurements on previously manufactured parts. The influence on three levels was verified through complete factorial planning of some manufacturing parameters, such as laser power, speed, and distance between scans (hatch), on the stress and distortion results of the samples and also on the samples simulated by FEM. Findings: When results were compared about the average diameters, a relative error of less than 2.5% was observed. The average diameter was influenced by power and speed. Increasing power decreased the average diameter of the samples, while increasing speed and hatch increased the average diameter. When results are compared to measure the residual stresses, it is observed that the relative error was less than 1%. Power, speed, and the hatch itself influenced the residual stress. Increasing power increases residual stress while increasing speed and hatch decreases residual stress. The cooling rate and the transient thermal history are the control factors that influence the residual stresses and are directly related to the process parameters. The computational modelling followed by measurements and calibrations carried out in the experimental stages proved to be efficient and enabled the reproduction of thermal distortion and residual stresses with statistical confidence. prediction of thermal distortions and residual stresses using the machine learning approach. Future research will study heating the building platform, which should also impact residual stresses. Practical implications: Based on the results obtained in this research, it will be possible to select better additive manufacturing parameters for manufacturing 316L stainless steel parts. The parameters evaluated in the work were laser power, scanning speed, and hatch. Originality/value: The innovation of the work lies in the robust simulation of the thermo-elastic behaviour of samples subjected to the additive manufacturing process, where it was possible to accurately relate the thermal distortions and residual stresses that appeared in the samples printed with the parts modelled by the FEM. The numerical-experimental validation makes it possible to extrapolate the studies to several other manufacturing parameters using only computational simulation and work with a more significant amount of data for a prediction study.

15

Morphology of Welding Fume Derived from Stainless Steels Arc Welding

Wyciślik-Sośnierz Joanna, Matusiak J., Adamiec J., Lemanowicz M., Kusiorowski R., Gerle A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 24, iss. 4

103--108

EN

The article presents the research results of fume morphology derived from arc welding of stainless steels of 1.4301 and 1.4828 grade. The analysis was performed using laser diffraction and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Welding fume has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a group of agents with proven carcinogenic effects to human. The assessment of the risk related to exposure to welding fume emission depends on the amount of fume generated, its chemical composition and morphology. The combined analysis of these factors determines the toxicity of fume and its impact on the human body. The results of the fume particle size distribution and the analysis of the shape and chemical composition using SEM with EDS in connection with the determination of the fume emission rate enable to obtain an overall assessment of the health risk as-sociated with welding fume. Such assessment is particularly important during welding processes of corrosion-resistant steels, due to the presence of chromium and nickel compounds in the fume, which are classified as substances with proven carcinogenic effects to human (Group 1 according to IARC guidelines). It was found that 15-17% of particles deriving from arc welding belong to the respirable and tracheal fractions, which are the most harmful due to the penetration beyond the larynx.

16

Possibility of Using the Hydrostatic Burnishing Process in Marine Conditions

Labuda Wojciech, Wieczorska Agata

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no. 6

189--205

EN

The publication presents the results of research on the influence of hydrostatic burnishing process on the value of selected parameters of surface roughness, material ratio and surface hardness. The process was carried out on shafts made of X5CrNi18-10 stainless steel. The prepared samples were subjected to a finishing turning process with constant cutting parameters, and then hydrostatic burnishing was performed on the surface. The tests determined the influence of the variable pressure exerted by the ball on the shaft surface. The evaluation of the research results showed a significant increase in hardness in the surface layer and an improvement in surface roughness parameters and material ratio. The machining process was carried out on a conventional lathe.

17

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Heat Distribution ANSYS model of CP Copper and 316 Stainless Steel Torch Brazing

Abtan Auday Awad, Mohammed Mohammed S., Alshalal Iqbal

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no. 1

167--183

EN

Using torch brazing techniques, 316 stainless steel was brazed to CP copper using flux-coated low silver content filler with 20% Ag. The brazing torch utilized a fuel mixture of propane gas with oxygen to produce the required heating amount due to the possibility of economic interest in employing low-silver-content filler. The brazing filler's braze ability with SUS304 and copper was scrutinized and deeply analyzed. A ferrite barrier layer was made on the stainless-steel side, and an excellent brazed joint was produced. Metallurgical studies using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the production of a ferrite layer. This layer's advantages were carefully examined with metallurgical testing, electron diffraction scanning (EDS), EDS mapping, and EDS line analyses, including preventing copper intergranular penetration into the stainless-steel grain boundary. The mechanical properties of the brazed joint and its usability were assessed through Vickers microhardness and tensile tests on the brazing seam and both base metals. The results of the brazing process showed that using flux-coated low-silver brazing techniques produced strong joints with satisfactory mechanical properties. These techniques are a cost-effective alternative to high-priced brazing fillers with high silver content. Geometrical models simulated the heat distribution using ANSYS and SOLIDWORKS software to analyze penetration depth, joint quality, surface cracks, and the relation between molten filler density variation and the wetting process.

18

Effect of floating-plug drawing process parameters on surface finish of inner and outer surfaces of AISI 321 stainless steel thin-walled tubes

Żaba Krzysztof, Szpunar Marcin

Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 41, nr 1

27--37

EN

This article presents the results of the analysis of changes in the surface topography of AISI 321 (1.4541) thin-walled stainless steel tubes in single-pass Floating-Plug Drawing (FPD) process. Experimental tests were carried out with variable drawing speed (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 m/min) and different angles of floating plug (11.3°, 13° and 14°). Wisura DSO7010 (Fuchs Oil) lubricant was used in the experiments. Mean roughness Ra and ten point height of irregularities Rz were adopted as surface quality indicators. Roughness parameters were measured independently on the inner and outer surfaces of thin-walled tubes. Analysis of variance was used to analyse the relationship between process parameters (drawing speed and angle of floating plug) and surface roughness of tubes. A decrease in the values of both analyzed roughness parameters was observed as a result of the drawing process. The FPD process significantly improves the inner surface quality of AISI 321 thin-walled stainless steel tubes. The mean roughness value tends to increase with increasing drawing speed, while the angle of the floating-plug has no significant effect on the mean roughness Ra.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy zmian topografii powierzchni rur cienkościennych ze stali nierdzewnej AISI 321 po procesie ciągnienia na korku swobodnym. Badania eksperymentalne przeprowadzono w jednym przejściu, ze zmienną prędkością ciągnienia (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 m/min) oraz różnymi kątami β korka swobodnego (11.3°, 13° and 14°). W badaniach eksperymentalnych wykorzystano smar Wisura DSO7010 (Fuchs Oil). Jako wskaźniki jakości powierzchni przyjęto średnie arytmetyczne odchylenie rzędnych profilu Ra oraz wysokość chropowatości według 10 punktów Rz. Parametry chropowatości mierzono niezależnie na wewnętrznej i zewnętrznej powierzchni rur cienkościennych. Do analizy związków pomiędzy parametrami procesu ciągnienia (prędkość ciągnienia i kąt korka swobodnego) wykorzystano analizę wariancji. Zaobserwowano zmniejszenie wartości obydwu analizowanych parametrów chropowatości w wyniku procesu ciągnienia. Proces ciągnienia na korku swobodnym znacznie poprawia jakość wewnętrznej powierzchni cienkościennych rur ze stali nierdzewnej AISI 321. Zaobserwowano tendencję do zwiększania się parametru Ra wraz ze wzrostem prędkości ciągnienia, podczas gdy kąt β korka swobodnego nie miał znaczącego wpływu na średnią chropowatość Ra.

19

Study of the Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Surface Modified Steel for Medical Applications

Taratuta Anna, Lisoń-Kubica Julia, Kazek-Kęsik Alicja, Antonowicz Magdalena, Basiaga Marcin

Tribologia

|

2023

|

nr 2

85--95

EN

Various types of metal implants, both in Poland and worldwide, are mainly manufactured from stainless steel due to their biocompatibility, strength, and relatively low price. However, any such procedure involves the risk of peri-implant infection, stimulated, among other things, by the formation of a bacterial biofilm on the surface of the implant. In this paper, several methods of modifying the surface of steel for medical applications were proposed, such as mechanical polishing, electropolishing, sandblasting, and the application of a thin surface layer. This was followed by a series of physicochemical and biological tests. The results indicate that the titanium nitride coating improved corrosion resistance and reduced bacterial adhesion on the surface. No significant improvement in abrasion was observed, and the adhesion of the coating closely depended on the method of preparation.

PL

Implanty metalowe, zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie, produkowane są głównie ze stali nierdzewnej ze względu na jej biokompatybilność, wytrzymałość i stosunkowo niską cenę. Jednak każdy tego rodzaju zabieg wiąże się z ryzykiem powstania zakażenia okołowszczepowego, stymulowanego m.in. powstawaniem biofilmu bakteryjnego na powierzchni implantu. W pracy zaproponowano kilka metod modyfikacji powierzchni stali do zastosowań medycznych, takich jak polerowanie mechaniczne, elektropolerowanie, piaskowanie oraz nałożenie cienkiej warstwy powierzchniowej. Następnie przeprowadzono szereg badań fizykochemicznych i biologicznych. Wyniki wskazują, że powłoka azotku tytanu poprawiła odporność na korozję oraz ograniczyła adhezję bakterii na powierzchni. Nie zaobserwowano znaczącej poprawy ścieralności, a adhezja powłoki ściśle zależała od metody jej przygotowania.

20

Selected aspects of the design of special monolithic carbide milling cutters for austenitic steels

Małek Marcin, Grabowski Marcin, Skoczypiec Sebastian

Technical Transactions

|

2023

|

Vol. 120, iss. 1

art. no. e2023017

EN

In many machining applications, the appropriate selection of cutting tools in relation to the type of material being machined, the machining parameters and the required shape and dimensional accuracy is of particular importance. This especially applies to operations requiring the use of specific tools, i.e. tools that are not included in the standard offer but are tailor-made according to the individual needs of the customer. The article focuses on the machining problems of selected austenitic grades of stainless steel and the selection of technologies (i.e. machining parameters and strategies and tool geometry) concerning the design and use of special monolithic carbide milling cutters. The possibilities of manufacturing elements from austenitic steels with high shape and dimensional accuracy and high surface layer quality are limited. Due to their high ductility, the tendency to create growths on the cutting edge and the high compression strength coefficient, these materials pose a serious technological challenge. The analysis of phenomena presented in the article forms the basis for developing guidelines for designing the machining process using special monolithic carbide cutters dedicated for specific applications.