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1

Sat4BIM4D - the concept of using satellite remote sensing to monitor construction progress in conjunction with BIM

Glinka Szymon

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2024

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Vol. 118

142--154

EN

Monitoring the progress of construction work and adhering to the schedule is crucial for the timely completion of projects. Integrating data from various sensors (e.g., cameras, laser scanners) mounted on diverse platforms (rovers, drones, satellites) with BIM 4D (Building Information Modelling) enables effective construction control solutions. By leveraging 3D models enriched with temporal information, project management can be significantly enhanced. This paper focuses on a comprehensive review of current literature and state-of-the-art practices to design a framework for integrating satellite remote sensing data with BIM 4D, termed the Sat4BIM4D method. Proposals for this method are developed alongside algorithms for processing satellite-derived data to monitor construction progress, particularly for infrastructure projects. The study emphasizes the compatibility and synergy between satellite data and BIM 4D, providing a structured direction for future research. Advantages, limitations, and potential challenges of the proposed approach are also critically analyzed to pave the way for further development in this domain.

2

Naziemna stacja do komunikacji satelitarnej w pasmach VHF/UHF/S/X/C

Sybis Michał, Flakowski Wojciech, Rodziewicz Marcin, Krenz Rafał

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2024

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nr 4

385--388

PL

Artykuł przedstawia znaczenie stacji naziemnych w zapewnianiu skutecznej komunikacji z satelitami CubeSat, które stały się coraz bardziej powszechne w przestrzeni kosmicznej. Stacje naziemne pełnią kluczową rolę w ułatwianiu przesyłania danych, kontrolowania i monitorowania tych niewielkich satelitów, które często operują na niskich orbitach okołoziemskich. Artykuł podkreśla również znaczenie ciągłego rozwoju stacji naziemnych, aby sprostać dynamicznym potrzebom współczesnych misji kosmicznych wykorzystujących satelity Cube-Sat.

EN

The paper discusses the importance of ground stations in ensuring effective communication with Cube-Sat satellites, which have become increasingly common in space. Ground stations play a crucial role in facilitating data transmission, controlling, and monitoring these small satellites, which often operate in low Earth orbits. The article also emphasizes the significance of the continuous development of ground stations to meet the dynamic needs of contemporary CubeSat-based space missions.

3

Laboratory investigations of sub-meter resolution telescope with segmented aperture dedicated to CubeSat platform

Knapkiewicz Paweł, Janisz Tymon, Charytoniuk Grzegorz, Partyka Michał, Pozniak Tomasz, Stefanow Damian, Chołodowski Jakub

Opto-Electronics Review

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2024

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Vol. 32, No. 2

art. no. e150604

EN

In current CubeSat observation satellites, the main design constraint is the available space. Standards dictating the unit dimensions of the payload severely restrict the maximum aperture and focal length of the optical instrument. In this paper, the authors present the results of work to produce a novel DeploScope optical system for a CubeSat-type observation satellite with a segmented aperture of the primary mirror deployed in space. The telescope is designed for Earth observation and is expected to find its application in the military, precision agriculture or environmental disaster prevention. The work includes a detailed analysis of the segment aperture effect on image repeatability for different numbers of main mirror segments. Based on it, the optimal configuration of the optical model of the telescope with an aperture of 188.5 mm and a focal length of 1100 mm was selected. Based on this analysis, a so-called laboratory version of the telescope was built, providing the possibility of free correction of each segment of the primary mirror while maintaining a solid stable base for other components of the module. Imaging tests were carried out on the laboratory version of the instrument and the system was optimized for a version suitable for implementation in the payload structure of the microsatellite.

4

The effect of the coating process thermal cycle on mechanical properties of AA6061-T6 used for load-carrying elements of a space instrument: a case study

Barciński Tomasz, Kosturek Robert, Kowalski Tomasz, Bzowski Maciej, Wawrzaszek Roman, Mostowy Karol, Baran Jędrzej, Daukszo Maciej

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 5

art. no. e150338

EN

Components used for the structure of the GLObal Solar Wind Structure experiment in the NASA Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe space mission, made of AA6061-T6 alloy, are subjected to the coating process, where the temperature affects its mechanical properties. This paper aims to examine the impact of the coating thermal cycle on the mechanical properties of AA6061-T6 alloy, which is the load-carrying material in a spaceborne instrument. As a part of the manufacturing process, the parts made of AA6061-T6 are subjected to a coating process at a temperature of about 220◦C for a time longer than 1 hour. This treatment modifies the mechanical properties of the alloy. To evaluate the consequences of this change for spaceborne components, mechanical testing, and numerical simulation were conducted. It was found that as a result of the coating process, the reduction in AA6061-T6 yield strength is about 16%, which entails a decrease in the margins of safety by 25% at its maximum.

5

Satelity w zarządzaniu zielenią

Jaśkiewicz Michał

Zieleń Miejska

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2023

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Nr 2

34--37

PL

Zmiany w bioróżnorodności w miastach związane są nie tylko z modyfikacjami w formach zagospodarowania przestrzeni miejskiej czy sposobu jej wykorzystania, ale również ze zmianami klimatycznymi. Odpowiednie rozpoznawanie zmian oraz zagrożeń z nich wynikających jest bardzo istotne ze względu na konieczność podejmowania właściwych działań adaptacyjnych, których efektywne wykonanie czasem wymaga wielu lat. Często zmiany te są trudne do uchwycenia w początkowej fazie, dlatego z pomocą może przyjść ich monitorowanie z wykorzystaniem satelitów z czujnikami spektralnymi.

6

MTG Lightning Imager – Prolegomena

Iwański Rafał

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2023

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Z. 3-4

199--208

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano nowatorski, satelitarny instrument teledetekcyjny – Lightning Imager, znajdujący się na pokładzie niedawno umieszczonego na orbicie geostacjonarnej satelity Meteosat Third Generation – Imager 1. W skrócie omówiono cele misji, funkcję, budowę czujników, zasady detekcji i poziomy danych instrumentu oraz poszczególne produkty (Level 1 products oraz Level 2 products) generowane na podstawie danych LI wraz z ich krótką charakterystyką. Na koniec wymieniono kilka wcześniejszych chronologicznie misji satelitarnych o podobnych celach, które odniosły sukces w swej fazie orbitalnej, a których dostępne w trybie otwartym dane stanowią podstawę do licznych opracowań naukowych w dziedzinie. Celowo pominięto misje o charakterze militarnym, te które z różnych powodów nie doszły do skutku, dostarczały danych nie nadających się dla celów opracowań naukowych lub zakończyły się katastrofą. Takowe mogą stanowić temat osobnego, niemniej interesującego artykułu.

EN

The article presents an innovative satellite remote sensing instrument – Lightning Imager on board the geostationary satellite Meteosat Third Generation – Imager 1 recently placed in orbit. Subsequently, the mission objectives, function, sensor construction, detection principles, and data levels are briefly discussed. Also, individual products (Level 1 products and Level 2 products) generated based on the LI data are described and shortly characterized. Finally, several chronologically earlier and of similar objectives, satellite missions that have been successful in their orbital phase were listed. Their data available in open-mode form are the basis for numerous scientific studies in the field. Missions of a military nature, those that for various reasons did not come to fruition, provided data not suitable for scientific studies, or ended in disaster were deliberately omitted. Such can be the subject of a separate, but interesting article.

7

Professor Piotr Wolański - cosmic authority, the pearl of Polish science

Koptoń-Ryniec Izabela

Polish Technical Review

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2023

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No. 4

23--29

EN

Prof. dr hab. Piotr Wolański (1942-2023) was one the most outstanding Polish scientists of the recent decades, a visionary who brought the enormous contribution to Polish sector of space science when outlining a series of perspective area of development and hypotheses: those ones concerning the origin of the Moon, or decay of dinosaurs. In his scientific activities, he undertook the subjects connected with the problems of combustion and the methods of diagnostics of combustion processes, explosions and engines, and the collisions with the celestial objects. Space drives, development of multi-use rockets and transfer the discussed knowledge to the students were translated into the defined implementations. The first Polish satellite PW-Sat was constructed under the guidance of the Professor at Warsaw University of Technology and the study direction “Aviation and Space Science” became the permanent specialization in the faculties of Polish technical universities.

8

Generation and Assessment of ARGO Sea Surface Temperature Climatology for the Indian Ocean Region

Jha Ravi Kumar, Bhaskar T.V.S. Udaya

Oceanologia

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2023

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No. 65 (2)

343--357

EN

ARGO program was conceived with an aim to generate near real-time ocean observations as the primary in-situ sources for use in operational oceanography studies. Two decades-long ARGO near-surface temperature data set was used for generating monthly gridded ARGO sea surface temperature (ASST) product on a climatological scale. Data interpolating variational analysis (DIVA) method was employed for generating the product with a spatial resolution of 0.25° x 0.25° for the Tropical Indian Ocean. This monthly ASST product was evaluated using five different climatological SST products derived from in-situ and satellite measurements. Various statistics such as BIAS, RMSE, coefficient of correlation, and skill scores were generated to evaluate the reliability of the ASST product. Further, the ASST product was validated with climatological in-situ SST obtained from RAMA and OMNI moorings deployed in the Indian Ocean. Statistical comparisons showed low BIAS and RMSE, and high correlation and skill scores with most of the buoys locations and the gridded SST products. Results concluded that the near-surface temperature data from ARGO can be used along with other SST data sets in the generation of high-resolution blended SST products.

9

Progression of clock DBD changes over time

Maciuk Kamil, Varna Inese, Kudrys Jacek

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 3

499--505

EN

Day-boundary discontinuity (DBD) is an effect present in precise GNSS satellite orbit and clock products originating from the method used for orbit and clock determination. The non-Gaussian measurement noise and data processing in 24 h batches are responsible for DBDs. In the case of the clock product, DBD is a time jump in the boundary epochs of two adjacent batches of processed data and its magnitude might reach a couple of ns. This article presents the four GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) systems DBD analysis in terms of change over an 8 year period. For each of 118 satellites available in this period, the yearly value of DBD was subject to analysis including standard deviation and frequency of outliers. Results show that the smallest DBDs appear in the GPS system, the biggest - for the BeiDou space segment. Moreover, the phenomenon of changes in DBDs over time is clearly seen at the beginning of the analysed period when the magnitude and number of the DBDs were larger than for current, newest clock products.

10

Evaluation of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index by Remote Sensing with Landsat Satellites in the Tayacaja Valley in the Central Andes of Peru

Carbajal-Morán Hipólito, Márquez-Camarena Javier F., Galván-Maldonado Carlos A., Zárate-Quiñones Rosa H., Galván-Maldonado Alberto C., Muñoz-De la Torre Rossibel J.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

208--215

EN

The research sought to evaluate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area located in the province of Tayacaja, which includes the districts of Acraquia, Ahuaycha, Pampas and Daniel Hernández, which is part of the central Andes of Peru. The data were collected in low water seasons with a longitudinal cut of 30 years with one sample per year, starting in 1993 until 2022; these samples corresponded to the month of August of each year. The images were extracted from maps from Landsat satellite databases, which were filtered for low cloud cover to avoid interference with the images. Maps from 1993 to 2012 were obtained from Landsat 5 satellite, while from 2013 to 2022 data were obtained from Landsat 8 satellite. The normalized difference vegetation index was determined using Quantum GIS based on the red and near infrared maps; being the minimum NDVI value obtained -0.18, which corresponds to the aquatic body of the Upamayu River that crosses from west to east the study area; while the highest NDVI obtained was 0.79 indicating a greater vegetation cover constituted by mainly eucalyptus plants. The mean NDVI of the 30 years is close to 0.21; this is an indicator that the vegetation is scarce and that it is decreasing mainly due to population growth.

11

Responsive Space Assets for Polish Armed Forces: Feasibility Study

Kiszkowiak Łukasz, Olejnik Aleksander, Rogólski Robert, Walkowiak Marcin, Zalewski Piotr

Safety & Defense

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2022

|

1

30--40

EN

This study proposes an alternative (i.e., air-assisted) system for launching payloads (micro-satellites) into space using rockets fired from Su-22 or MiG-29 combat aircraft . This paper verifies and evaluates such an air-assisted rocket system used for launching payloads to low Earth orbit (LEO) in many aspects. Mission profile and rocket drop maneuver concepts have been developed. From the adopted model of calculations and simulation results, it follows that in the considered configuration, the aforementioned aircraft will be capable of accomplishing a mission in which a payload of at least 10 kg is launched into low Earth orbit. The analyses were complemented by simulations and wind tunnel tests verifying the impact that space rockets may exert on the aerodynamic and mechanical properties of the carrier aircraft . Results of numerical simulations and wind tunnel tests to which models of the air-assisted rocket launching system were subjected indicate the rocket’s impact on the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft and its in-flight properties is negligible. Similarly, load and strength tests to which the airframe’s load-bearing structures have been subjected also failed to show any significant changes or deformations caused by the space rockets attached. The kits proposed may be deemed as the so-called Responsive Space Assets for the Polish Armed Forces. Implementation of such a system not only offers independence from countries or commercial companies providing space services but also allows us to master new capabilities in the context of deploying satellite systems for safety and defense purposes.

12

Aspekty regulacyjne oraz zarządzanie częstotliwościami w przypadku małych oraz bardzo małych satelitów

Mądral Radosław, Tyniów Radosław

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2022

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nr 4

531--534

PL

W referacie zaprezentowano zagadnienia związane z krajowymi oraz międzynarodowymi regulacjami dotyczącymi zgłaszania oraz rejestracji częstotliwości radiowych wykorzystywanych przez urządzenia radiowe umieszczone na pokładzie małych satelitów wynoszonych na niskie orbity okołoziemskie.

EN

The paper presents issues related to national and international regulations concerning the notification and registration of radio frequencies used by radio devices located on board small satellites launched into low orbits around the Earth.

13

Air-rocket space launch system : as Responsive Space System

Filipiak Dariusz, Zalewski Piotr, Postek Joanna

Przegląd Nauk o Obronności

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2022

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R. 7, Nr 13

101--114

EN

Objectives:The study was to analyze the concept of Responsive Space Systems alternative launch and set of the nanomicro satellites into Low Earth Orbit. The analysis focused on aircraft-rocket space systems, where platform for launching a rocket with a satellite is an aircraft.The aircraft in the role of the platform provides opportunities, system thus the operator doesn't need bases or space ports in European conditions. Methods: Analysis of the research area, focused on the review, critical analysis, evaluation of the available literature, resources. The work was supplemented with the results and recommendation of the research project recently carried out at the MUT. Results:Systems were presented in view of the war in Ukraine. Existing operational and currently designed systems were reviewed. Article evaluated the aerial-rocket systems for launching objects into the LEO in the context of the system's operational costs and capabilities, potential market and further military and civilian applications also the needs of the Polish Armed Forces. Combat aircraft and rocket kits based on decommissioned from PAF fighters were proposed and valuated. Conclusions:Implementation of system gives autonomy from countries or companies offering space services, possibility of mastering new capabilities of placing satellite systems for security&defense purposes. For the PAF, aircraft-rocket kits based on phased-out supersonic combat aircraft may be the start of the development and constructionof the national Responsive Space System. The country's scientific-industrial base has competence to design&build such a system. Polish Space Agency can act as an integrator of the system just as NASA did in the 1960s.

14

Dobre na wojnę i pokój

Ziemnicki Paweł

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2022

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nr 4

36--40

15

The influence of pressure drop on the working volume of a hydraulic motor

Śliwiński Pawel

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2022

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Vol. 24, no. 4

747--757

EN

Reliability and maintenance analysis of hydraulic positive machines basicly focused on the processes of their wear and failure. But in order to correctly assess the mechanical and volumetric efficiency of a hydraulic motor, both at the stage of development research or at the stage of control tests during its exploitation, the working volume of this motor must be correctly determined. Therefore this paper proposes a new method of assessment of the size of the working volume of a hydraulic motor. It has been shown that the hydraulic motor absorbency per one revolution of this motor shaft is a non-linear function of pressure drop in working mechanism of the motor and non-linear function of motor rotational speed. Thus the relation between the working volume of a hydraulic motor and the pressure drop in the motor working mechanism is a non-linear function. This working volume as a funcition of pressure drop has been called the actual working volume. The correctness of the proposed method was confirmed experimentally.

16

The use of the linear form of dynamical equations of the satellite attitude control system for its analysis and synthesis

Moldabekov Meirbek, Sukhenko Anna, Shapovalova Darya, Yelubayev Suleimen

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2021

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Vol. 59 nr 1

109--120

EN

At present, the methods based on using linearized dynamical equations are applied for syn- thesis of an attitude control system of a satellite with nonlinear dynamics. Linearized equa- tions describe the satellite dynamics approximately, which is the main their disadvantage. This article shows that basing on the angular momentum theorem, the nonlinear dynamical equations of the satellite attitude control system can be represented in the form of linear differential equations with variable coefficients, which makes it possible to use engineering methods of stability analysis and analysis of transient quality in the process of synthesis of the satellite attitude control system.

17

Estimation of Chlorophyll-a Phytoplankton in the Coastal Waters of Semarang and Jepara for Monitoring the Eutrophication Process using MODIS-Aqua Imagery and Conventional Methods

Maslukah Lilik, Setiawan Riza Yuliratno, Nurdin Nurjannah, Zainuri Muhammad, Wirastriya Anindya, Helmi Muhammad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

51--59

EN

This study investigates the concentration of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) using the data of field observation and MODISAqua imagery. The field observation data were retrieved by using a conventional method and processed using spectrometric analysis. This study covers the coastal and near land areas which have different levels of anthropogenic activity. The results showed that the coastal waters of Semarang with a high level of anthropogenic activity persistently show a concentration of chlorophyll a (chl-a) twice as large as Jepara coastal waters. This comparison value is obtained based on imagery and field data. Meanwhile, the ratio of chl-a field data in each region shows a value of ±5 times greater than the MODIS data. Field observation data shows a higher value than the MODISAqua imagery data. The use of imagery data can be employed as a method of monitoring the eutrophication process on the coast. On the basis of the chlorophyll a classification and field observations, the coastal water of Semarang are classified as eutropic waters and Jepara is categorized as mesotropic category. The classification results will be different if monitoring is carried out using the image data with a location far from the mainland, the Semarang waters are included in the mesotropic category (> 2 mg•m-3) and Jepara is included in the oligotropic water category (< 2 mg•m-3).

18

Using electrical capacitance tomography system for determination of liquids in rocket and satellite tanks

Gut Zbigniew

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2020

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Nr 1 (258)

18--33

EN

One of important problems in aerospace engineering is to determine the amount of fluid in the tank in a microgravity environment. There are several methods for doing it, however, there are no proven methods to quickly gauge the amount of propellant in a tank in low gravity conditions. New and more accurate methods of such a measurement are being continually searched for. One of interesting solutions is using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) for this purpose. The article presents both numerical analysis and experimental test results using a spherical tank. The main purpose of the simulation was to determine the effect of the number of electrodes and noise signal level on the quality of reconstruction images. In numerical simulations, different models of dielectric permittivity distribution have been reconstructed. On the basis of numerical simulations, a 24-electrode sensor was designed and made. In experimental tests, different distribution of medium inside the spherical tank was investigated. The results show that the method can directly measure the mass of fuel in the tank, as well as it allows for a visualization of fuel distribution, independent of the tank position in space, and the liquid-propellant system will be used.

PL

Istotnym problemem w inżynierii kosmicznej jest sposób określenia ilości paliwa w zbiorniku w środowisku mikrograwitacji. Istnieje kilka metod określania poziomu cieczy w zbiorniku, jednakże nie ma sprawdzonych metod szybkiego pomiaru ilości paliwa w zbiorniku, gdy znajduje się on w stanie niskiej grawitacji. Trwają poszukiwania nowych i dokładniejszych metod pomiaru. Jednym z ciekawszych rozwiązań jest zastosowanie Pojemnościowej Tomografii Komputerowej do określania poziomu paliwa lub utleniacza w zbiornikach rakiet i satelitów. Otrzymane wyniki, które przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem metod numerycznych oraz w warunkach grawitacji pokazują, że metoda może bezpośrednio mierzyć masę paliwa w zbiorniku, a także umożliwić wizualizację rozkładu paliwa, niezależnie od położenia zbiornika w przestrzeni i zastosowanego układu zasilania.

19

The automated system of optical observation and tracking of space objects

Łukasiewicz Jerzy, Lubieniecka Joanna, Kusiński Jerzy, Sarna Wiesław, Tchórznicki Krzysztof

Journal of KONBiN

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2020

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Vol. 50, iss. 1

237--258

EN

Having a fleet of artificial satellites necessitates the construction of a system that will enable obtaining information on the situation in the Earth orbit (Space Situation Awareness - SSA). Such systems are built either as active radar systems or as passive optical systems. The automated system of optical observation and tracking of space objects (ASOPEK) consists of two optical systems (wide-angle and narrow-angle) and software enabling: detection of artificial satellites in the field of view of the system, identification of detected objects, updating the satellite database with unknown objects, updating orbits of observed objects. The ASOPEK system was created as part of a project financed by the National Center for Research and Development No. DOB-BIO7/25/02/2015.

PL

Posiadanie floty sztucznych satelitów wymusza konieczność zbudowania systemu, dzięki któremu możliwe będzie pozyskiwanie informacji na temat sytuacji panującej na orbicie okołoziemskiej (ang. Space Situation Awareness - SSA ). Systemy takie budowane są albo jako aktywne systemy radarowe albo jako pasywne systemy optyczne. Zautomatyzowany system optycznej obserwacji i śledzenia obiektów w przestrzeni kosmicznej (ASOPEK) składa się z dwóch systemów optycznych (szerokokątnego oraz wąskokątnego) oraz oprogramowania umożliwiającego: wykrywanie sztucznych satelitów w polu widzenia systemu, identyfikację wykrytych obiektów, uaktualnianie bazy danych satelitów o obiekty nieznane, uaktualnianie orbit obserwowanych obiektów. System ASOPEK powstał w ramach projektu finansowanego przez NCBiR nr DOBBIO7/25/02/2015.

20

Sat4Envi: szeroki dostęp do danych

Wardziak Anna

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

|

2019

|

nr 1

32--33