Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Safety of charging stations and service facilities for electric trucks

Pawlak Grzegorz

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

|

2025

|

Nr 1

41--48

EN

The development of road transport based on electric trucks requires appropriate charging infrastructure and the adaptation of service facilities to the specific demands of new technologies. This article aims to identify the hazards associated with operating charging stations and service facilities that cater to electric trucks. These facilities' technical, physical, and IT security aspects are discussed, and relevant legal regulations and technical standards are highlighted. The conclusions underscore the need for close collaboration among charging station operators, service facility operators, vehicle manufacturers, and market regulators.

2

Sales of delivery vehicles in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Orzech Paulina, Marcinek Wiktoria, Macander Marian, Jordan Józef

Transport Samochodowy

|

2024

|

T. 69, nr 1

23--27

EN

The sale of vehicles is an important element of their life cycle, which includes various stages, from design and production, through use, to recycling or disposal. Sales are an important step in this cycle because they influence how many vehicles reach the market and are put into consumer use. During the COVID-19 pandemic, vehicle sales have dropped significantly. Drastic declines in production during this period were the effect of restrictions that resulted in the closure of production plants. The article presents statistics on the sales of Mercedes-Benz delivery vehicles and the changes that took place during the pandemic. It also contains recommendations that mainly concern improving the effectiveness of vehicle sales in emergency situations. During the pandemic, the activities of many automotive industries were suspended and, additionally, vehicle traffic decreased, which resulted in a general decline in the production of components, parts, as well as future car designs. The aim of the article is to analyse the sales of Mercedes-Benz delivery vehicles and to assess the factors that influenced it in the analysed period.

PL

Sprzedaż pojazdów stanowi istotny element ich cyklu życia, który obejmuje różne etapy, począwszy od projektowania i produkcji, poprzez użytkowanie, aż do recyklingu lub utylizacji. Sprzedaż stanowi ważny etap w tym cyklu, gdyż wpływa na to, jak wiele pojazdów trafia na rynek i do użytku konsumentów. W dobie pandemii COVID-19 sprzedaż pojazdów znacznie spadła. Drastyczne spadki produkcji w tym okresie były wynikiem obostrzeń, które skutkowały zamykaniem zakładów produkcyjnych. Artykuł przedstawia statystyki dotyczące sprzedaży pojazdów dostawczych marki Mercedes-Benz oraz zmiany, jakie miały miejsce w czasie pandemii. Zawiera również rekomendacje, które dotyczą głównie poprawy efektywności sprzedaży pojazdów w sytuacjach zagrożenia. W okresie pandemii działalność wielu branż samochodowych została zawieszona, a dodatkowo zmniejszyło się natężenie ruchu pojazdów, co spowodowało ogólny spadek produkcji podzespołów, części, jak również przyszłych konstrukcji aut. Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy sprzedaży pojazdów dostawczych marki Mercedes-Benz oraz ocena czynników, jakie na nią wpłynęły w badanym okresie.

3

Wykorzystanie strumieni danych cyfrowych do sterowania procesem eksploatacji pojazdów wojskowych

Ceremuga Michał, Kończak Jarosław, Wesołowski Mariusz

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

|

2024

|

R. 79, nr 2/3

32--38

PL

Współczesne pojazdy wykorzystują do sterowania pracą układów i zespołów elektroniczne sterowniki, które komunikują się ze sobą w pokładowych sieciach informatycznych. Istnieje możliwość pozyskiwania strumienia przesyłanych danych poprzez rejestrowanie go w dodatkowym urządzeniu. Pozyskane z rejestratora dane cyfrowe przenoszone są do serwera z bazą danych, gdzie następuje ich obórka. Skumulowane raporty pozwalają na odpowiednie sterowanie procesem eksploatacji pojazdów wojskowych. W artykule przedstawiono założenia systemu informatycznego i wyniki analiz parametrów eksploatacyjnych pojazdów wyposażonych w rejestratory eksploatacyjne. Omówiono również możliwe warianty budowanego systemu analizy niezawodności pojazdów wojskowych. Opisano strukturę oraz podstawowe funkcjonalności.

EN

Modern vehicles use electronic controllers to control the operation of systems and assemblies that communicate with each other in on-board IT networks. It is possible to obtain a stream of transmitted data by recording it in an additional device. Digital data obtained from the recorder are transferred to a server with a database, where they are processed. Cumulative reports allow for appropriate control of the process of operating military vehicles. The article presents the assumptions of the IT system and the results of analyzes of operational parameters of vehicles equipped with operational recorders. Possible variants of the built reliability analysis system for military vehicles were also discussed. The structure and basic functionalities are described

4

The performance of a developed diesel vehicle to run on WCO biodiesel at variable speeds and loads

Ibrahim Said M. A., Abed Kamal A., Gad M.S., Mustafa Hassan M.M.

Polityka Energetyczna

|

2024

|

T. 27, z. 2

105--128

EN

Vehicle emissions and performance fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel is the main topic of this research. Biodiesel was produced through transesterification with physical and chemical characteristics comparable to diesel. B20 is a methyl ester of 20% blended with diesel. A diesel vehicle was modified and equipped with all measuring instruments needed to perform all experiments. The variable speed and load tests were conducted on the vehicle to measure the performance and emissions at different loads (0–30 kW) and different speeds (0–33 km/h). The vehicle speed was the maximum attained for each gear with a constant fuel flow rate without external fuel control at a steady state. At a vehicle speed of 33 km/h, the greatest increases in fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature for biodiesel B20 were 17 and 6%, respectively, as related to pure diesel. At a vehicle speed of 33 km/h, B20 reduced the distance traveled, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon concentrations compared to diesel by 22, 9 and 10%, respectively. At a vehicle speed of 33 km/h, the increases in nitrogen oxides and oxygen concentrations of B20 were 4 and 3% higher, respec-tively, than crude diesel over the whole tested load range. The biggest increases in distance, fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature for B20 over diesel were 13, 3, and 2%, respectively, at a vehicle load of 30 kW. The B20 blend decreased CO and hydrocarbon emissions related to diesel by 17 and 32%, respectively, at a vehicle load of 30 kW. The increases in nitrogen oxides and oxygen concentrations of B20 across the whole load range were 11 and 3% higher than pure diesel at a vehicle load of 30 kW, respectively. Biodiesel blend B20 is suggested for application in vehicles providing that the vehicle is moderately loaded.

PL

Głównym tematem badań podjętych w niniejszym artykule są emisje i osiągi pojazdów napędzanych biodieslem odpadowym z oleju spożywczego. Biodiesel powstał w procesie transestryfikacji o właściwościach fizycznych i chemicznych porównywalnych z olejem napędowym. B20 to 20% ester metylowy zmieszany z olejem napędowym. Zmodyfikowano pojazd z silnikiem diesla i wyposażono go we wszystkie przyrządy pomiarowe potrzebne do przeprowadzenia wszystkich eksperymentów. Przeprowadzono testy zmiennej prędkości i obciążenia pojazdu, aby zmierzyć jego osiągi i emisję przy różnych obciążeniach (0–30 kW) i różnych prędkościach (0–33 km/h). Prędkość pojazdu była maksymalną osiąganą na każdym biegu przy stałym natężeniu przepływu paliwa bez zewnętrznego sterowania paliwem w stanie ustalonym. Przy prędkości pojazdu wynoszącej 33 km/h największe wzrosty zużycia paliwa i temperatury spalin dla biodiesla B20 wyniosły odpowiednio 17 i 6% w porównaniu do czystego oleju napędowego. Przy prędkości pojazdu wynoszącej 33 km/h B20 zmniejszył przebyty dystans oraz stężenie tlenku węgla i węglowodorów w porównaniu do oleju napędowego odpowiednio o 22, 9 i 10%. Przy prędkości pojazdu wynoszącej 33 km/h przyrosty stężeń tlenków azotu i tlenu B20 były w całym badanym zakresie obciążeń odpowiednio o 4 i 3% większe niż w przypadku surowego oleju napędowego. Największy wzrost zasięgu, zużycia paliwa i temperatury spalin dla B20 w porównaniu z olejem napędowym wyniósł odpowiednio 13, 3 i 2% przy obciążeniu pojazdu 30 kW. Mieszanka B20 zmniejszyła emisję CO i węglowodorów związaną z olejem napędowym odpowiednio o 17 i 32% przy obciążeniu pojazdu 30 kW. Wzrosty stężeń tlenków azotu i tlenu B20 w całym zakresie obciążenia były odpowiednio o 11 i 3% wyższe niż w przypadku czystego oleju napędowego przy obciążeniu pojazdu 30 kW. Mieszankę biodiesla B20 zaleca się stosować w pojazdach pod warunkiem, że pojazd jest umiarkowanie obciążony.

5

Requirements for the content of harmful substances in market products of plastics and rubber. Part V. Vehicles and their equipment

Kolasa Dorota, Stępkowska Aneta, Wróbel Justyna, Samsonowska Katarzyna, Kaszuba Alicja, Wróbel Kamil, Lach Jakub

Polimery

|

2024

|

Vol. 69, nr 7-8

438--449

EN

This article continues the review of applicable regulations on the safety of products placed on the European Union (EU) market. Part V regarding the regulations on the control of hazardous substances in vehicles, including their components and equipment made of plastics and rubber, covers EU regulations and national acts adapting Polish law to EU legislation in this area.

PL

Artykuł stanowi kontynuację przeglądu obowiązujących przepisów dotyczących bezpieczeństwa produktów wprowadzanych na rynek Unii Europejskiej (UE). Część V dotycząca przepisów w zakresie kontroli substancji niebezpiecznych w pojazdach, w tym ich elementach i wyposażeniu wykonanych z tworzyw sztucznych i gumy, obejmuje regulacje unijne oraz akty krajowe dostosowujące prawo polskie do prawodawstwa UE w tym zakresie.

6

Modeling of material and energy inputs in the life cycle of a vehicle

Mrozik Małgorzata, Merkisz-Guranowska Agnieszka

Archives of Transport

|

2024

|

Vol. 70, iss. 2

117--136

EN

The paper focuses on the analysis of the environmental impacts related to the production, operation, decommissioning of vehicles as well as servicing and repairs of cars in real conditions of their use. The authors’ presented mathematical model that was implemented in original numerical program EN-VEHICLE that enables the analysis of energy consumption and emission loads related to material inputs in the entire life cycle of a passenger car. It is a tool from the Life Cycle Assessment category that aims at the effective inclusion of environmental impacts in the decision-making process. The developed program allows for a quantitative interpretation of the calculation results in terms of the environmental safety in each of the phases and throughout the life cycle of the vehicle, taking into account the possibility of supplying the vehicle system with additional material streams derived from recycling and recovery, and introduced both during the construction phase and during the car operation phase. In the presented tool, linear algebra and matrix analysis were used in modeling the vehicle life cycle system. The results of the implementation of the mathematical model were presented in the form of a regression function that allows for approximation of selected empirical data. The regression analysis was used to verify the material characteristics. The tool can be used for a comprehensive comparative assessment of the environmental impact of a passenger car from different production periods. In addition, it can be used to forecast the environmental effects of changes in the material structure determining the production technology and consequently, having a significant impact on the entire life cycle of the vehicle as well as energy and ecological parameters.

7

The application of the methodology to define terrain passability on a detailed level in various configurations

Dawid Wojciech, Pokonieczny Krzysztof, Wyszyński Marek

Aviation and Security Issues

|

2023

|

No. 1

331--352

EN

The article presents a complete methodology to determine terrain passability as well as its application based on various configurations of input data. The methodology was developed with the use of the methods that had been created by the authors in their previous research projects. The determination of terrain passability consists of two stages: The first stage involves conducting the analysis of micro-relief with the aim to identify impassable spots in the area, while the second stage consists in determining the route for a specific vehicle that will avoid the existing obstacles formed by the micro-relief. Both these analyses generate results based only on a detailed digital terrain model (with a resolution of 1 m) and the traction parameters of the vehicles for which terrain passability is determined. One of the processes that are part of this methodology is the generalisation of the digital terrain model, which significantly improves the efficiency of the performed calculations. Test results demonstrated that the presented methodology enables successful automated generation of passability maps for specific vehicles and the creation of routes for such vehicles. The routes differ depending on the type of vehicle, which results directly from the fact that vehicles have different traction parameters. Nevertheless, the test results were satisfactory and demonstrated that the developed methodology may be applied by bodies that are responsible for planning military operations or crisis management activities.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano całościową metodykę wyznaczania przejezdności terenu, a także jej zastosowanie w oparciu o różne konfiguracje danych wejściowych. Do przygotowania metodyki wykorzystano metody, które zostały opracowane przez autorów we wcześniejszych badaniach. Wyznaczanie przejezdności terenu składa się z dwóch etapów: przeprowadzenie analizy mikrorzeźby, której celem jest wskazanie w terenie miejsc nieprzejezdnych, a także wyznaczenie trasy dla konkretnego pojazdu, która omijać będzie występujące w terenie przeszkody związane z mikrorzeźbą. Obie analizy do generowania wyników wykorzystują jedynie szczegółowy numeryczny model terenu (o rozdzielczości 1 m) oraz parametry trakcyjne pojazdów, dla których wyznaczana jest przejezdność terenu. Jednym z procesów wchodzących w skład metodyki jest uogólnienie numerycznego modelu terenu, które znacznie zwiększa wydajność prowadzonych obliczeń. Wyniki badań pokazały, że opracowana metodyka z powodzeniem automatycznie opracowuje mapy przejezdności dla konkretnych pojazdów, a także wyznacza dla nich trasy przejazdu. Są one inne dla różnych pojazdów, co wynika bezpośrednio z faktu, że posiadają one odmienne parametry trakcyjne. Niemniej jednak, zadowalające wyniki badań pokazały, że opracowana metodyka może być stosowana przez organy odpowiedzialne za planowanie operacji wojskowych czy zarządzania kryzysowego.

8

A proposal for a mobile system of vehicle and rail track diagnostics

Komorski Paweł, Kominowski Julian, Motyl Mateusz

Transport Problems

|

2022

|

T. 17, z. 2

45--56

EN

The proper technical condition of a vehicle and rail track in operation is a key aspect in terms of safety and travel comfort. This issue is of particular importance for operators and managers of rolling stock and rail infrastructure. Currently, many diagnostic systems have been developed to monitor the technical condition of selected vehicle systems or rail track from the viewpoints of both the vehicle and track. This article proposes the use of vibration signals in selected quantitative and qualitative analyses as the main diagnostic parameter. For this purpose, over a dozen vibration measurements were carried out during the normal operation of a freight wagon as part of a so-called passive experiment. Measurement points were located on the axle boxes of the wheelsets. The proposed research methodology served as a basis for comparative analyses of the selected operational cases that were investigated. The most important conclusion from the study is that it is possible to monitor the technical condition of vehicles and tracks in real time on the basis of measurements of vibration accelerations at the vehicle level. This directly increases the service life of rolling stock and optimises operating costs by changing the maintenance strategy to one that takes into account the idea of modern on-board technical diagnostics. Another important aspect is the possibility of the varied use of the proposed measurement system, depending on the purpose of the research, which is also associated with the diagnostician’s experience in processing vibroacoustic signals and the utilization of simple or complex quantitative and qualitative analyses.

9

Infrastruktura drogowa czy pojazd - przyczyny wypadków drogowych w świadomości kierowców

Hadryś Damian

Magazyn Autostrady

|

2022

|

Nr 2

30--34

PL

W niniejszym artykule scharakteryzowano krótko elementy systemu człowiek - pojazd - droga. Ponadto przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących świadomości osób kierujących pojazdami na temat ważności zagadnień wpływających na bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego. Badania miały charakter ankietowy, a ich celem było określenie stopnia świadomości kierujących pojazdami dotyczącej bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w kontekście przyczyn wypadków drogowych i powiązania ich ze stanem technicznym pojazdu oraz stanem infrastruktury drogowej.

EN

In this article, the elements of a system comprising of a human being, vehicle, and road are briefly characterised. In addition, the results of research on the awareness of vehicle drivers of the importance of issues affecting road safety are presented. The research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire, and its aim was to determine the level of awareness of vehicle drivers of road safety in the context of the causes of road accidents and linking them with the technical condition of the vehicle and the state of road infrastructure.

10

Improvement of multimodal transportation based on logistic principles

Krashenіnіn Alexander, Shapatina Olha, Kovalova Oksana, Shapoval Ganna, Sylenok Hanna

LogForum

|

2022

|

Vol. 18, no. 4

451--469

EN

Relevance of the study: As the experience of advanced countries shows, the development of the economy in our country, in particular, in the transportation services market, is associated with the development of interaction between all types of transport. Thus, in modern conditions, for the growth of the role of railway transport, multimodal transportation, which is important for the interaction of Ukraine with the countries of Europe and the East, is becoming important and will also help minimize costs and preserve the environment. Therefore, the issues of evaluating the introduction of multimodal transportation with logistic principles are discussed in the article. It is shown how to determine the marginal substitution rate in the conveyance type while using various modes of transport, based on the utility function and transportation costs. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the article is to develop measures to improve the functioning of parts in multimodal freight delivery routes by minimizing transportation costs, taking into account quality indicators. For this purpose, the following tasks have been set and are being solved: to develop a model for evaluating the efficiency of using different modes of transport with optimal costs; to choose a method for estimating the optimal delivery route and freight volumes; to evaluate the efficiency of transportation technology based on a qualimetric indicator. Approaches: An approach to a comprehensive evaluation of the effect from the activities of transport enterprises in multimodal transportation based on cost optimization, with the qualimetric indicator, and aimed at maximizing the satisfaction of shippers' requirements is offered when determining the route of such transportation parameters as the cost and the quality of freight delivery. Results: The results of the theoretical generalization and analysis of approaches to the formalization of the functioning process in multimodal transportation systems for the delivery of goods by rail and road modes of transport are presented in the article. The significance of the results. The materials in the article are of practical value for employees of transport and logistics companies and enterprises, scientists, and pedagogical workers to improve their professional level.

11

Modelling of the air pollutants’ cold-start emissions depending on average vehicles’ speed

Laskowski Piotr, Zimakowska-Laskowska Magdalena, Zasina Damian

Combustion Engines

|

2022

|

R. 61, nr 1

96--103

EN

The aim of the study is to present the results of mathematically modeled influence of the average speed on the pollutant released in the air during the cold-start process. There were taken into consideration the emission from the passenger cars (PCs) for the different fuel types, vehicles’ segments (including hybrid), and the Euro standard. In the article the simulations was performed using the COPERT software, as well as WLTP-based research. The modelling results there are presented show that the change in average speed has a significant effect on air pollutant (CO2, NOx, NMVOC, CO) emissions released in cold-start process. Furthermore, the results show that pollutants’ emissions are sensitive to average speed fluctuations.

12

System monitorowania stanu bezpieczeństwa pojazdu

Adamowski Piotr, Rosiński Adam

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

|

2022

|

Vol. 71, nr 2

97--108

PL

Pojazd pozostawiony na parkingu może być celem potencjalnej kradzieży lub uszkodzenia. Aby właściciel miał informację o stanie, w jakim jego pojazd się znajduje, konieczne jest zastosowanie odpowiednich środków ochrony. dlatego opracowano autorski system monitorowania stanu bezpieczeństwa pojazdu. Aby uzyskać odpowiednią informację o stanie zabezpieczanego pojazdu, został wykonany demonstrator systemu. Umożliwia on monitorowanie następujących parametrów: nachylenia pojazdu (wiążącego się na przykład z podniesieniem samochodu w celu umieszczenia go na lawecie), chwilowego przyspieszenia pojazdu (wiążącego się na przykład ze stłuczką na parkingu), lokalizacji GPS (wiąże się z przemieszczeniem pojazdu względem ustalonej pozycji), temperatury oraz wilgotności. Ponadto monitorowany jest ruch w pojeździe poprzez pasywną czujkę podczerwieni, stan drzwi (otwarte/zamknięte) poprzez kontaktrony oraz stężenie gazu (LPG, propan-butan) za pomocą czujnika gazu. informacje o czujnikach pojazdu są wysyłane użytkownikowi w postaci wiadomości sms zarówno na żądanie użytkownika, jak i w postaci alarmu. Zaprojektowany system monitorowania stanu bezpieczeństwa pojazdu jest rozwiązaniem, które umożliwia użytkownikowi zarówno korzystanie, jak i dodawanie nowych przydatnych funkcjonalności. możliwe jest też dodanie kolejnych czujników, a także rozbudowa o innowacyjne funkcje (np. kontrola dostępu). skutkuje to zwiększeniem poczucia bezpieczeństwa użytkownika dotyczącego jego pojazdu.

EN

A vehicle left in a parking lot may be the target of a potential theft or damage. in order for the vehicle owner to have information about the condition of his vehicle, it is necessary to apply appropriate security measures. Therefore, a proprietary vehicle security monitoring system has been developed. in order to obtain adequate information about the condition of the secured vehicle, the vehicle security system has been designed and constructed. it allows you to monitor such parameters as: vehicle inclination (related to, for example, lifting the car in order to put it on a trailer), temporary vehicle acceleration (related to, for example, a car crash in a parking lot), GPS location (related to vehicle displacement in relation to a fixed position), temperature and humidity. in addition, the movement in the vehicle is monitored by a passive infrared detector, the door status (open/ closed) by reed switches, and the gas concentration (LPG, propane butane) by a gas sensor. information about the vehicle sensors is sent to the user in the form of an sms message, either at the user’s request or in the form of an alarm. The designed vehicle security monitoring system is a solution that allows the user to both use and add new useful functionalities. it is also possible to add additional sensors, as well as to expand with new innovative functions (e.g. access control). This results in an increased sense of security for the user regarding his vehicle.

13

Continuing a vehicle fitted with run flat tyres

Motrycz Grzegorz, Helnarska Karolina J., Stryjek Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2021

|

z. 112

157--169

EN

Modern vehicles are equipped with many systems that monitor the security of driving. An example is the tyre pressure monitoring system that shows a fault if the tyre pressure is lowered. Low tyre pressure or no pressure at all (0 kPa) means that continuing driving may lead to a dangerous situation. Prolonged driving of the vehicle at 0 kPa in the tyre ends with tyre burst, rim damage, or even loss of stability. Therefore, on the automotive market, manufacturers offer Run Flat tyres adapted to emergency driving with a pressure of 0 kPa. This article presents the results of an experimental research in the field of vehicle dynamics, continuing driving a vehicle with a loss of tyre pressure. These tests were carried out not only to confirm the data provided by tyre manufacturers and to verify the vehicle's driveability but also to analyse the effectiveness of stopping vehicles equipped with this type of tyres using, for example, police studs, especially when vehicles are used for crimes or terrorist activities.

14

Planning and modeling of the time for acceptance and stay of vehicles at the loading and discharging points

Asenov Asen, Pencheva Velizara, Georgiev Ivan

Transport Problems

|

2021

|

T. 16, z. 4

23--34

EN

When delivering goods in the warehouses of enterprises, courier and forwarding companies, and for logistics operators, loading and unloading is usually done manually or mechanically. On the other hand, the load can first be placed on the ground next to the vehicle and then accepted in the pile, or a ramp can be used so that it can be delivered directly to the warehouse or vice versa. When there is a ramp, the loading and discharging activity is performed faster and it is much easier. When there are many vehicles serviced on ramps, it is necessary to have a free ramp available. This is often not the case when the warehouse has more ramps and a large exchange of goods. In this case, a time schedule is usually made for the reception and handling of vehicles, which is communicated to carriers and drivers so that there is no unnecessary downtime of vehicles and overloading of points with ramps. There are cases in which the established organization of work cannot be performed due to various force majeure or other reasons, such as delays at border crossings, bans on passing through certain sections, change in the working hours of warehouses, pandemic and other reasons. The vehicles then arrive at the checkpoints at a time that is different from their schedule and have to wait to be serviced. Waiting at the unloading points makes drivers nervous and they become dissatisfied with the working conditions. In this respect, a solution has been proposed based on the working hours and occupancy of the loading and discharging point and the time of arrival of the vehicles at the point, and how to receive the vehicles so that the waiting time between them is the shortest. For this purpose, a partially integer linear optimization model has been created in Matlab, which provides a valid plan with the shortest waiting times for all vehicles. Simulations have been made for different numbers of ramps and vehicles. The results show that the model is suitable for pre-creating a valid plan for the operation of the vehicle warehouse, if any, with a minimum waiting time.

15

Modification of the adhesive force by changing the radial reaction on vehicle wheels

Jilek Petr, Krmela Jan, Berg Jan

Transport Problems

|

2021

|

T. 16, z. 1

179--186

EN

This article deals with the possibilities of adhesion force changes of a road vehicle. The authors present the possibilities of reducing the adhesion force of road vehicles and, at the same time, present their own system for changing the radial reaction of the vehicle wheels. This system removes the disadvantages of a commercially available SkidCar system. A representative road test is chosen in the article to determine the stability in a straight-line drive. Furthermore, the authors report the courses of characteristic parameters describing the behavior of a vehicle for driving a conventional car on a sliding surface and compared to the 50 % radial reaction of a vehicle driven with the SlideWheel on dry asphalt. It is clear from the measured runs that it is possible to change the adhesion force by changing the adhesion weight transmitted by the vehicle wheels. The use of the proposed SlideWheel system is possible for the purpose of verifying vehicle stability, while improving the driver's ability to operate the vehicle under reduced-adhesion conditions. The main goal of this paper is to design a system for reducing the adhesive force in an experimental car and perform experimental measurements.

16

Operational energy footprint of vehicle

Sitnik Lech J.

Combustion Engines

|

2021

|

R. 60, nr 3

37--40

EN

One of the many important challenges of the modern world is the greenhouse effect of CO2. It is necessary to implement solutions that will eliminate it. Since the easiest way to eliminate the greenhouse effect is to reduce hydrocarbons fuel consumption, it is important to evaluate the fuel (energy) consumption in long term operation. The article presents a proposal for the use of the so-called vehicle energy footprint. The method of creating such a trace is presented and illustrated with specific results of data analyzes. The data is publicly available, which means that the presented method can be independently verified. It has also been shown that the use of the method not only organizes the analyzes, but also leads to information that cannot be obtained with other methods. It therefore seems that an attractive tool has been developed for future applications.

17

Comparative analysis of the emissions of carbon dioxide and toxic substances emitted by vehicles with ICE compared to the equivalent emissions of BEV

Laskowski Piotr, Zimakowska-Laskowska Magdalena, Zasina Damian, Wiatrak Marcin

Combustion Engines

|

2021

|

R. 60, nr 4

102--105

EN

In the article were compared the vehicles (by pairing) the vehicles on the basis of selected criteria considering vehicles’: weight, length, wheel width, maximum output and acceleration time. The article was carried out by analysing the available source materials and specific energy mix based on coal. The emission of air pollutants (exhaustive) was estimated using the mathematical calculation. In order to carry out the analysis, the data provided by the manufacturers of the considered cars were used, concerning fuel consumption by the cars equipped with the internal combustion engines or electricity consumption in the case of cars with equipped with electric motors. The air pollutants that were taken into consideration: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and total particulate matter. Apart from the exhaustive emissions, the total particular matter emissions from the tyre and brake wear and road abrasion is also included. The pollutant emission was estimated on the basis of emission factors using the average mileage characterizing for driving in European conditions.

18

Volatile organic compounds in motor vehicle interiors under various conditions and their effect on human health

Verner Jan, Sejkorová Marie, Veselík Petr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2020

|

z. 107

205--216

EN

The aim of this paper is to estimate the mass concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E) and m-, p-, o-xylenes (X) inside of the driver-compartment of motor vehicles. The results were compared with the Czech limits for indoor environments and the external concentrations. The experiments were carried out on various routes with different methods of ventilation. The volatile emissions detected inside the vehicle were investigated in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Cabin air was collected using desorption tubes and the samples were analysed by thermal desorption gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector coupled with a mass detector. VOC concentrations detected in the cabin of the vehicle ranged from 2.93 µg.m-3 to 7.96 µg.m-3 for benzene, 1.42 µg.m-3 to 4.38 µg.m-3. for toluene, 44.06 µg.m-3 to 152.00 µg.m-3 for ethylbenzene and 63.07 µg.m-3 to 479.62 µg.m-3 for xylenes. The indoor limit value for benzene, according to the Czech standard, is 7 µg.m-3. Levels of toluene were consistently below the Czech hourly standard, whose value according to the Czech standard is 300 µg.m-3. According to our findings, various methods of ventilation are an important factor influencing the BTEX pollution levels within the interior of the vehicle. In addition, this paper presents the influence results of benzene on the health of passengers inside the cabin of the vehicle. The results show that all age categories, especially children under the age of two, are exposed to increased health risks.

19

Wheeled armored personnel carrier Ryś and Irbis

Kajetanowicz Jerzy

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

|

2020

|

Vol. 52, No. 4(198)

763--779

EN

The article presents the characteristics of the Ryś and Irbis wheeled armored personnel carriers (Polish abbrev. KTO) designed in Poland. They constituted a deep modernization of the Czechoslovakian SKOT medium wheeled armored transporter. The paper presents the genesis of works on these vehicles and their main contractor, Military Automotive Works No. 5 in Poznań, which has dealt with repairs and modernization of combat vehicles since the 1950s. In the following part, the tactical and technical data of the basic version of the Ryś wheeled armored personnel carriers and special-purpose vehicles based on it are discussed, with particular attention paid to the versions that are of interest to the Ministry of National Defense. Next, the Irbis wheeled armored vehicle, and the special-purpose versions built on its chassis are characterized and presented to the International Defense Industry Exhibition in Kielce.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowana została charakterystyka opracowanych w Polsce transporterów opancerzonych Ryś i Irbis, które stanowiły głęboką modernizację konstrukcji czechosłowackiego transportera opancerzonego SKOT. Przedstawiono genezę prac nad tymi pojazdami oraz ich głównego wykonawcę Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne nr 5 w Poznaniu, które zajmowały się remontami i modernizacją wozów bojowych już od lat pięćdziesiątych XX wieku. W dalszej części omówiono dane taktyczno-techniczne wersji podstawowej transportera opancerzonego Ryś oraz wozów specjalistycznych na jego bazie, ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na wersje będące obiektem zainteresowania resortu Obrony Narodowej. Następnie scharakteryzowano transporter opancerzony Irbis i zbudowane na jego podwoziu odmiany specjalne, które zaprezentowano ma Międzynarodowym Salonie Przemysłu Obronnego w Kielcach.

20

Rozwój metod obliczeniowych w budowie maszyn i pojazdów

Rusiński Eugeniusz, Smolnicki Tadeusz

Przegląd Mechaniczny

|

2020

|

nr 10

31--38

PL

Obecnie trudno sobie wyobrazić inżyniera mechanika bez znajomości metod numerycznych (CAE). Powszechne korzystanie z komputerów i rozwój metod numerycznych przyczyniły się do zwiększenia jakości projektów inżynierskich. W artykule przedstawiono rozwój metod numerycznych i ich praktyczne zastosowania w budowie maszyn i pojazdów. Precyzja obliczeń oraz możliwość realizacji w rzeczywistości wirtualnej złożonych symulacji zwiększyła niezawodność produkowanych maszyn i pojazdów z jednoczesnym obniżeniem kosztów.

EN

Nowadays, is difficult to image mechanical engineer without skills of computer aided engineering (CAE) methods. Common use of computers, PC popularity and numerical methods development have been the reason of rapid growth of engineering design quality. Development of numerical methods and their practical applications in machine and vehicle building were presented. Precision of calculations as well as possibility of realization in virtual reality complex simulations increased reliability of produced machines and vehicles with simultaneous cost decreasing.