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1
Badanie eksperymentalne belki sprężonej wykonanej z fibrobetonu o wysokiej wytrzymałości
Urban Tadeusz, Gołdyn Michał, Krawczyk Łukasz
Inżynieria i Budownictwo
|
2024
|
R. 80, nr 4
256--261
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań belki sprężonej wykonanej z fibrobetonu o wysokiej wytrzymałości. Belkę o przekroju dwuteowym wysokości 0,2 m i długości 2,8 m badano w schemacie czteropunktowym do osiągnięcia nośności na zginanie. Element sprężono jednym splotem Y1860S7 średnicy ø 012,5. W fibrobetonie zastosowano włókna proste KrampeHarex® DM12,5/0,175. Określono wytrzymałość betonu zarówno na ściskanie (fc ≈ 110 MPa), jak i na rozciąganie w próbie rozłupywania (fct,sp ≈ 17,5 MPa) oraz trójpunktowego zginania (ft,fl ≈ 11,9 MPa). Po wykonaniu i sprężeniu belki rejestrowano zmiany odkształceń na powierzchni elementu przez 19 dni, po czym przystąpiono do badania niszczącego, w trakcie którego rejestrowano ugięcia i odkształcenia elementu. Zniszczenie było następstwem zginania i wynikało z uplastycznienia zbrojenia sprężającego, a następnie uformowania się jednej rysy zlokalizowanej. Obliczenia nośności w świetle reguł normy SIA 2052 z wykorzystaniem sprężysto-plastycznego modelu zachowania fibrobetonu wykazały dobrą zgodność z wynikami eksperymentu.
EN
The paper presents experimental results prestressed beam made of high-strength fiber reinforced concrete. The I-shaped beam with a height of 0.2 m and a length of 2.8 m was tested in a four-point scheme until the bending load capacity was achieved. The element was prestressed with one tendon Y1860S7 with a diameter of ø 012.5. The fiber reinforced concrete was made with KrampelHarex® DM12.5/0.175 fibers. Concrete was tested in compression (fc ≈ 110 MPa) and in tension, checking the resistance in both the splitting test (fct,sp ≈ 17.5 MPa) and the three-point bending test (fc,fl ≈ 11.9 MPa). After fabrication and prestressing of the beam, changes in strains on the element's surface were observed for 19 days, after which destructive test was conducted. During the test deflections and deformations of the element were recorded. The failure was as a result of bending and followed yielding of the prestressing strand and the subsequent formation of one localised crack. The calculation of the load carrying capacity in the light of the SIA 2052 standard, assuming the elasto-plastic material model of the fibre reinforced concrete, showed good agreement with the experimental results.
2
Content available remote Utilizing ensemble learning in the classifications of ductile and brittle failure modes of UHPC strengthened RC members
Taffese Woubishet Zewdu, Zhu Yanping, Chen Genda
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2024
|
Vol. 24, no. 2
art. no. e86, 2024
EN
This study aims to achieve the swift and precise classification of ductile and brittle failure modes in flexural reinforced concrete (RC) members, specifically those with tension sides strengthened by ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC). Employing six ensemble learning techniques - Bagging, Random Forest, AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and LightGBM - the authors utilize a comprehensive dataset comprising 14 features, which include manually labeled failure modes obtain from load-deflection curves. The model training spans four scenarios, varying in the inclusion or exclusion of features describing the cross-sectional area of RC members and moment resistance. XGBoost emerges as the most effective classifier, achieving an impressive 84% accuracy with high confidence. Additionally, the study employs the Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) technique on the best-performing model to illuminate the significance and impacts of various features in UHPC-strengthened flexural members’ failure modes. Notably, moment resistance and UHPC tensile strength surface as the most influential factors in predicting failure modes. Increased rebar yield strength, UHPC compressive strength, UHPC reinforcement ratio, and steel fiber volume in UHPC contribute to enhanced ductility in flexural members, while heightened moment resistance and UHPC layer thickness, along with a robust RC-UHPC interface, tend to induce brittleness. The introduction of such an effective failure modes classification model, coupled with the model’s explainability, instills trust in its predictions and facilitates seamless integration into real-world applications, particularly in seismic areas. The model’s ability to operate without the need for pre-experimental tests marks a significant advancement in the field.
3
Content available remote Experimental and numerical investigation on shear and bond-slip behaviors of FSK‑reinforced FRP-UHPC composite beams
Ge Wenjie, Zhang Zhiwen, Ashour Ashraf, Jiang Hongbo, Li Shengcai, Cao Dafu
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2024
|
Vol. 24, no. 2
art. no. e87, 2024
EN
The shear performance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams with FRP shear keys (FSK) was investigated through a four-point loading test and refined finite element (FE) analysis. In total, five test specimens having different concrete strength, concrete slab width and height as well as FSK spacings were experimentally tested. The test specimens were simulated using a refined FE model in ABAQUS. The concrete damaged plasticity model (CDPM) and the Puck failure criterion were adopted to simulate the progressive damage of concrete and FRP profiles, respectively. The mechanical behavior of the interface was captured using a bilinear cohesive zone model (CZM). The comparison between the FE analysis and experimental results demonstrated a good agreement. Based on the validated model, a parametric analysis was conducted on the shear performance of FRP-UHPC composite beams with FSK, focusing on parameters such as concrete slab strength, height and width, FRP web shear strength, shear modulus, height and thickness, and FSK spacing. The results indicate that the maximum local slip beam is less than 4 mm, which verifies that FSK has good interfacial shear resistance. Increasing the strength and section size of the concrete slab can improve the flexural stiffness and the shear capacity of composite beams. The use of UHPC for concrete slabs can also effectively inhibit interface slip. Increasing the shear strength and thickness of FRP web can result in improved load-carrying capacity and reduced deformation of composite beams. This can also lead to a shift in the failure mode from shear failure to bending failure. The reduction of FSK spacing can effectively enhance the shear performance of the interface, thereby improving the composite action and increasing the bearing capacity and deformation resistance of composite beams.
4
Content available remote Investigation on the effect of silane coupling agent treatment of steel fibers on the durability of UHPC
Du Shuang, Luan Congqi, Yuan Lianwang, Du Peng, Zhou Zonghui, Wang Jinbang
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 23, no. 2
art. no. e118, 2023
EN
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a type of cementitious material that has been specifically engineered to achieve exceptional mechanical properties and durability through optimized particle filling. However, the addition of steel fibers to the UHPC matrix creates a transitional region at the interface. Previous research has indicated that the use of silane coupling agents (SCA) on the surface of steel fibers is a promising approach for improving the bonding properties between the fibers and the matrix. This study aims to explore the impact of varying amounts of untreated steel fibers versus those that have undergone SCA treatment on the durability of UHPC. The findings indicate that treating steel fibers with SCA significantly narrows the pore space between the matrix and steel fibers, as well as enhances the production of hydration products on the steel fiber surface. Furthermore, this treatment facilitates the formation of a compact transition zone between the UHPC matrix and steel fibers. The electrochemical corrosion resistance, chloride ion penetration resistance, frost resistance, and sulfate erosion resistance of UHPC are all enhanced by this method. As a result, the durability of UHPC is significantly improved, making it an extremely promising avenue of research.
5
Content available remote Flexural performance of prefabricated U‑shaped UHPC permanent formwork-concrete composite beams reinforced with FRP bars
Ge Wenjie, Zhang Zhiwen, Ashour Ashraf, Guan Zhongwei, Jiang Hongbo, Sun Chuanzhi, Qiu Linfeng, Yao Shan, Cao Dafu
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 23, no. 2
art. no. e108, 2023
EN
Finite-element (FE) analysis of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-reinforced concrete beams cast in U-shaped ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) permanent formworks is presented in this paper. Concrete damage plasticity (CDP) and FRP brittle damage models were used to simulate the damage behavior of concrete and FRP bars. The results of FE simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effect of concrete and UHPC strengths, yield strength of steel bars, elastic modulus of FRP bars, ultimate tensile strength of FRP bars, types of UHPC-normal strength concrete (NSC) interface and thickness of UHPC under different reinforcement conditions. Flexural performances, in terms of cracking, yield, ultimate loads and corresponding deflections, failure mode, energy dissipation and ductility, were investigated. Traction-separation model was used to describe the bonding degradation and the maximum slip of two types of bonding interfaces (smooth surface and medium-rough surface). Both flexural capacity and resistance to deformation of composite beams are significantly improved by the utilization of hybrid FRP/steel reinforcement. The UHPC formwork can also delay the occurrence and development of cracks. By appropriately increasing the strength of UHPC or elastic modulus of FRP bar, the flexural capacity of composite beams is effectively improved. It is expected that the results presented in this paper can guide the design and construction of U-shaped UHPC permanent formwork-concrete composite beams reinforced with FRP bars.
6
Content available remote Pierwsze krajowe zastosowanie nawierzchni betonowej na obiektach mostowych
Siwowski Tomasz, Szydło Antoni, Rajchel Mateusz
Materiały Budowlane
|
2022
|
nr 4
70--73
PL
Coraz więcej dróg w Polsce ma nawierzchnię betonową, natomiast na mostach położonych w ciągu tych dróg nadal jest układana nawierzchnia bitumiczna ze względu na brak krajowych technologii. Powoduje to określone komplikacje technologiczne i eksploatacyjne. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd nawierzchni betonowych, stosowanych na mostach drogowych na świecie. Na tym tle opisano pierwsze krajowe zastosowanie nawierzchni betonowej wykonanej na kilku obiektach mostowych w ciągu drogi ekspresowej S-7.
EN
More and more roads in Poland have a concrete pavement. However, due to the lack of national technologies, bituminous pavement is still being laid on the bridges located along these roads. This causes certain technological and operational complications. The article presents an overview of concrete pavements used on road bridges around the world. Against this background, the first domestic application of concrete pavement, made on several bridge structures along the S-7 expressway, was described.
7
Wybrane charakterystyki dynamiczne kładek dla pieszych z pomostami z betonu UHPC
Pańtak Marek
Inżynieria i Budownictwo
|
2022
|
R. 78, nr 11-12
568--573
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane charakterystyki oraz wyniki badań i analiz dynamicznych dwóch kładek dla pieszych wzniesionych z wykorzystaniem betonu UHPC. Zobrazowano wpływ wykorzystania betonu UHPC na parametry dynamiczne kładek dla pieszych.
EN
The article presents selected characteristics and the results of dynamic tests and analyses of two footbridges built with the use of UHPC concrete. The influence of the use of UHPC concrete on the dynamic parameters of footbridges was depicted.
8
Content available remote Fire performance of ultra‑high performance concrete: effect of fine aggregate size and fibers
Zhang Dong, Tan Kang Hai
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 22, no. 3
art. no. e116
EN
This study conducted a thorough investigation on the combined effects of fine aggregate (FA) size, steel fiber, and polypropylene (PP) fiber on the spalling behavior and mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) at high temperature. FAs with 0.6, 2.36, and 4.75 mm were incorporated with steel fibers or PP fibers in UHPC. Test results showed that the synergistic enhancement in spalling prevention of UHPC at high temperature was only found in the combination of PP fiber and large-sized FA. Large-sized FA not only increased the fraction of microcracks but also enhanced their connectivity in UHPC with PP fibers, thus increasing the permeability and improving the spalling resistance at high temperature. This reduced the required PP fiber content for spalling prevention. Besides, steel fibers and large-sized FAs had a combined negative effect on mechanical properties above 600 °C, resulting in even lower mechanical properties at 900 °C compared to UHPC without any fiber and UHPC with PP fibers. Microstructural observation also found that the degradation of steel fibers and microcracks generated by expansion of aggregate both severely damaged the microstructures of UHPC at 900 °C. By contrast, adding PP fibers reduced compressive strength of UHPC below 600 °C due to the voids left by the decomposition of PP fibers, but it did not affect compressive strength at 900 °C, as the cracks in the matrix was enlarged, which reduced the negative effect of PP fibers.
9
Content available remote Experimental study on demountable steel ultra‑high performance concrete composite slabs under hogging moment
Guo Jun‑Yuan, Wang Jun‑Yan, Wang Yan-Bo, Gao Xiao‑Long, Bian Chen
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2022
|
Vol. 22, no. 3
art. no. e137
EN
Demountable steel-concrete composite structures have attracted much attention from researchers because of its fast construction, demountability and environmental friendliness. Using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in the hogging moment regions of demountable steel-concrete composite structures might improve their crack resistance and flexural performance. In this study, the cracking behavior, failure mode, stiffness, ultimate strength and relative slip of demountable steel-UHPC composite slabs with different stud spacings and longitudinal reinforcement ratios under hogging moment were experimentally investigated. A welded steel-UHPC composite slab was also tested to compare its behavior with the demountable slabs. The test results show the demountable steel-UHPC composite slabs have excellent crack control ability under hogging moment due to the slip of threaded headed stud and the strain hardening behavior of UHPC; the relative slip is directly associated with the stud spacing and controlled by the friction and shear force of threaded headed studs. As compared to the welded composite slab, the demountable composite slab can be easily separated after loading, the flexural capacity is slightly smaller, while the crack control ability is better and the ductility is higher. A constitutive model considering the reduction of tensile strength of UHPC after reinforcement was adoptedl the design formulas were developed to predict the elastic limit and the ultimate moment, and the bending stiffness of the demountable composite slabs under hogging moment. The test results verify the applicability of the proposed constitutive model of UHPC and design formulas.
10
Content available remote Analiza możliwości zastosowania betonu z proszków reaktywnych w konstrukcji mostowej
Stankiewicz B., Średniawa W.
Cement Wapno Beton
|
2018
|
R. 23/85, nr 6
496--510
PL
Zastosowanie w praktyce, ultra wysokowartościowych betonów z proszków reaktywnych (BPR) prowadzi do zmniejszenia masy własnej elementów konstrukcyjnych do ⅓ lub ½ masy własnej profili konstrukcyjnych z betonu tradycyjnego, zastosowanego w tych samych warunkach obciążenia. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje rola włókien w BPR, dzięki którym wytrzymałość na ściskanie i rozciąganie elementu kompozytowego wzrasta wyraźnie. Odporność zmęczeniowa jest większa gdyż włókna powstrzymują powstanie rys, w konstrukcjach obciążonych dużymi siłami dynamicznymi. Włókna stalowe powinny stanowić podstawowy składnik przenoszący obciążenia, ale przede wszystkim zapewniać integralność strukturalną. W pracy przeanalizowano wariant wielomodułowej konstrukcji kładki dla pieszych, z dźwigarem nośnym kratownicowym. Pas górny konstrukcji stanowią dwie belki betonowe z BPR, połączone z płytą pomostu również wykonane z BPR. Pas dolny stanowi pojedynczy pręt o przekroju kołowym, również wykonany z BPR, natomiast krzyżulce wykonane są z rur okrągłych, ze stali nierdzewnej.
EN
Practical use of ultra-high-performance reactive powders concretes (RPC) leads to the reduction of the own mass of structural elements to ⅓ or ½, of the own mass of structural profiles from traditional concrete, analyzed under the same load conditions. Particularly noteworthy is the role of fibers in RPC concretes because the compressive and tensile strength of a composite element increases significantly. Fatigue resistance is higher due to the ability of the fiber to reduce crack propagation, in structures loaded under important dynamic forces. Steel fibers are required to act as the primary load bearing component, but above all to ensure structural integrity. In the work the variant of the multimodule structure of the footbridge with a truss carrying girder is analyzed. The top stripe of the structure consists of two concrete beams from RPC connected to the bridge deck with RPC. The lower belt is a single rod with a circular cross section, also made of RPC concrete, while as the crossbars round stainless steel pipes are applied.
11
Content available Betony z proszków reaktywnych i ich zastosowanie w konstrukcjach zespolonych
Denisiewicz A.
Przegląd Budowlany
|
2014
|
R. 85, nr 11
18--23
PL
Pierwsza część pracy o charakterze przeglądowym ma na celu prezentację wciąż mało znanego w naszym kraju materiału, jakim jest beton z proszków reaktywnych (BPR). Omówiono cechy charakterystyczne oraz podstawowe właściwości fizyczne i mechaniczne BPR. Wskazano dotychczasowe i planowane (będące w sferze badań) zastosowania tego materiału w szeroko pojętych konstrukcjach zespolonych. W pracy przedstawiono również wyniki własnych badań doświadczalnych BPR, które miały na celu sprawdzenie możliwości wykonania betonu z proszków reaktywnych w „warunkach placu budowy”, tzn. bez stosowania mieszarek intensywnych lub próżniowych oraz bez wykonywania zabiegów pielęgnacyjnych (obróbka cieplno – wilgotnościowa, ciśnieniowa).
EN
The first part of the paper presents reactive powder concrete (RPC), rather unpopular in Poland. The basic physical and mechanical characteristics of RPC are discussed. The current and planned uses of the reactive powder concrete in the composite constructions are indicated. The second part of the work shows the results of the own RPC experimental research. The tests are to check possibility to produce reactive powder concrete with such parameters that it can be included in the group of high-quality materials with the use of an ordinary freefall concrete mixer without special treatment procedures such as heat-moisture treatment and pressure treatment.
12
Content available remote New Generation Cementitious Composites with fibres – properties and application
Zych T.
Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura
|
2014
|
R. 111, z. 8-A
85--102
EN
The paper presents the properties of new generation cementitious composites with fibres, such as "bendable concrete" (ECC, Engineered Cementitious Composites) (plastic, not brittle but resistant to cracking material) with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres, high performance concrete (HPC) with glass fibres, reactive powder concrete (RPC) (characterized by ultra-high compressive strength, above 200 MPa) with short steel fibres. The detailed characteristics of the composition of the cement matrix and the role of fibres in the formation of the composite properties are described. Various applications of the composites as structural and architectural materials are also given.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono właściwości najnowszej generacji kompozytów cementowych z dodatkiem włókien, m.in. "betonów zginalnych" (ECC) (plastycznych, a nie kruchych przy zginaniu, odpornych na pękanie) z włóknami polialkoholowinylowymi (PVA), wysokowartościowych betonów (HPC) z włóknami szklanymi, betonów z proszków reaktywnych (RPC) (cechujących się ultrawysoką wytrzymałością na ściskanie − powyżej 200 MPa) z krótkimi włóknami stalowymi. Szczegółowo scharakteryzowano skład matrycy cementowej oraz opisano rolę, jaką spełniają włókna w kształtowaniu właściwości kompozytu. Pokazano możliwości zastosowania kompozytów jako materiałów konstrukcyjnych oraz architektonicznych.
13
Content available remote Rozwój mikrostruktury podczas hydratacji ultra BWW
Pfeifer C., Moeser B., Stark J.
Cement Wapno Beton
|
2010
|
R. 15/77, nr 3
123-131
PL
Przeprowadzono obserwacje mikrostruktury próbek betonu z proszków reaktywnych po różnym okresie hydratacji, przy zastosowaniu najnowszych typów mikroskopów skaningowych. Są to mikroskopy o zmiennej próżni i z zastosowaniem pary wodnej, o wysokiej zdolności rozdzielczej. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że dodatek superpastyfikatora znacznie opóźnia proces hydratacji i zakłóca wzrost kryształów ettringitu. W początkowym okresie hydratacji ziarna klinkieru < 2 um ulegają częściowemu lub całkowitemu rozpuszczeniu, co powoduje powstawanie pustek z otoczkami w mikrostrukturze matrycy. Wiązanie pomiędzy matrycą i kruszywem jest bardzo mocne i w strefie przejściowej nie występują pory. Natomiast reakcja pucolanowa pyłów krzemionkowych jest słabo zaawansowana, z uwagi na mały stosunek w/c.
EN
The UHPC microstructure, after different time of hydration, was examined with high resolution SEM imaging techniques. ESEM in WET mode for early hydration process and NanoSEM for extremely dense microstructure. The obtained results have shown that high addition of superplasticizer caused the strong retardation of hydration process. The growth of ettringite is also influenced. At early hydration the clinker particles < 2 um are often partially or completely dissolved, resulting in hollow shells formation in the microstructure. The bond between matrix and aggregate is very strong and the interfacial zone shows no gaps. However, the pozzolanic reaction of silica fume shows low advancement, because of water shortage caused by very small w/b ratio.
14
Content available remote Betony wysokowartościowe
Łapko A.
Builder
|
2009
|
R.13, nr 5
54--57
15
Content available Rozwój konstrukcji z betonów nowej generacji
Ajdukiewicz A.
Polski Cement
|
2002
|
nr spec. maj
20--22
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