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1
Content available Feeding a Membrane-less Microbial Fuel Cell by Mixed Municipal and Industrial Wastewater
Włodarczyk Barbara, Włodarczyk Paweł P.
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
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2023
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Vol. 33, no. 4
50--62
EN
Due to the constant growth of the world's population, the amount of generated wastewater is also constantly increasing. One of the devices that can use wastewater as a raw material for energy production is a microbial fuel cell (MFC). MFCs technology is constantly evolving. However, to increase its use, it is necessary to improve its efficiency. There are various possibilities to ensure this, such as the use of new electrode materials, new cell designs, or the use of wastewaters from different sources. In this paper the analysis of MFC operation (cell voltage, power, and current density) fed by mixed municipal and industrial wastewaters was shown. Moreover, the change in time of COD was analyzed. Due to cost reduction the membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) was chosen. It was noted that the addition of concentrated process wastewater increases the COD reduction time in the ML MFC. An increase of generated bioelectricity during fed ML-MFC by mixed municipal and industrial (process wastewater from yeast production) wastewater was demonstrated. The highest values of average cell voltage (598 mV), maximum power (4.47 mW) and maximum current density (0.26 mA•cm-2) were obtained for a 10% share of yeast process wastewater in the mixed wastewater, which fed the ML-MFC.
2
Content available Effect of Using Various Cathode Materials (Carbon Felt, Ni-Co, Cu-B, and Cu-Ag) on the Operation of Microbial Fuel Cell
Włodarczyk Paweł P., Włodarczyk Barbara
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
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2023
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Vol. 33, no. 4
95--105
EN
Wastewater has high potential as an energy source. Therefore, it is important to recover even the smallest part of this energy, e.g., in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The obtained electricity production depends on the process rate of the electrodes. In MFC, the microorganisms are the catalyst of anode, and the cathode is usually made of carbon material. To increase the MFC efficiency it is necessary to search the new cathode materials. In this work, the electricity production from yeast wastewater in membrane-less microbial fuel cells with a carbon felt, Ni-Co, Cu-B, and Cu-Ag cathodes has been analyzed. In the first place, the measurements of the stationary potential of the electrodes (with Cu-Ag catalyst obtained by the electrochemical deposition technique) were performed. Next, the analysis of the electric energy production during the operation of the membrane-less microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC). The highest parameters were obtained for the Ni-Co and Cu-Ag catalysts. The cell voltage of 607 mV for Ni-Co and 605 mV for Cu-Ag was obtained. Additionally, the power of 4.29 mW for both cathodes - Ni-Co and Cu-Ag was obtained. Moreover, Ni-Co and Cu-Ag allow the shortest time of COD reduction. Based on the test results (with selected MFC design, wastewater, temperature, etc.), it can be concluded that of all the analyzed electrodes, Cu-Ag and Ni-Co electrodes have the best parameters for use as cathodes in ML-MFC. However, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that all the tested electrodes can be used as cathode material in MFC.
3
Content available The new report of domestic wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation using Dieffenbachia seguine constructed wetland coupling microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC)
Chaijak Pimprapa, Sola Phachirarat
Archives of Environmental Protection
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2023
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Vol. 49, no. 1
57--62
EN
The constructed wetland integrated with microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) has gained attention in wastewater treatment and electricity generation owing to its electricity generation and xenobiotic removal efficiencies. This study aims to use the CW-MFC with different macrophytes for domestic wastewater treatment and simultaneously electricity generation without chemical addition. The various macrophytes such as Crinum asiaticum, Canna indica, Hanguana malayana, Philodendron erubescens, and Dieffenbachia seguine were used as a cathodic biocatalyst. The electrochemical properties such as half-cell potential and power density were determined. For wastewater treatment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other chemical compositions were measured. The results of electrochemical properties showed that the maximal half-cell potential was achieved from the macrophyte D. seguine. While the maximal power output of 5.42±0.17 mW/m2 (7.75±0.24 mW/m3) was gained from the CW-MFC with D. seguine cathode. Moreover, this CW-MFC was able to remove COD, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate of 94.00±0.05%, 64.31±0.20%, 50.02±0.10%, 48.00±0.30%, and 42.05±0.10% respectively. This study gained new knowledge about using CW-MFC planted with the macrophyte D. seguine for domestic wastewater treatment and generation of electrical power as a by-product without xenobiotic discharge
4
Content available Optimization and performance evaluation of microbial fuel cell by varying agar concentration using different salts in salt bridge medium
Singh K., Dharmendra
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
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2020
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Vol. 101, nr 2
79--84
EN
Purpose: Comparative study of various agar-agar (C14H24O9) percentage and different salts concentration in the salt bridge is carried out to check the efficiency of microbial fuel cell. Design/methodology/approach: Dual chambered microbial fuel cell was used for the overall experiments. Anode and cathode chambers were made of 500 ml plastic jar. Salt bridge was fabricated with agar-agar technical and 3 M NaCl in a PVC pipe of 2 cm long. Chemical Oxygen Demand, pH and electrical conductivity of wastewater were examined. Oxygen was supplied in the cathode chamber using the aquarium pump. Voltage (open circuit voltage) was observed using digital multimeter. Graphite rods were used as anode and cathode electrodes. Findings: Salt bridge was constructed of 3 M NaCl with 5, 7.5, 10 and 12 percent variation of agar amounts in MFC. The maximum outputs were observed 301, 306, 325 and 337.25 mV with the variation of agar 5, 7.5, 10 and 12 percentages respectively as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was observed 47.92, 56.25, 52.08 and 64.58 percentages respectively. The optimum agar concentration was found to be 12 percent and a maximum voltage of 337.25 mV and COD removal of 64.58 percent was achieved. After the optimization of agar percentage two salts i.e., Sodium chloride and potassium chloride were analysed. This study also reveals that the NaCl salt bridge is more efficient than KCl salt bridge for the same agar concentration. The maximum voltage for NaCl and KCl were 319 and 312 mV respectively. Research limitations/implications: The amount of electricity production is low and field scale implementation is difficult using microbial fuel cell. The research is still on progress in this field. Originality/value: here is very little research with salt bridge and MFC. Comparative study of different mole of salt is available but agar variation is not yet studied.
5
Energia z jogurtu to naukowy fakt czy literacka fikcja?
Jarosz M., Grudzień J., Kamiński K.
Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego
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2018
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nr 1
56--57
PL
Nauki zajmujące się zjawiskami elektrycznymi czerpią mocno z tego, co podpatrzyliśmy w przyrodzie ożywionej, a elektryczność i procesy życiowe są ściśle ze sobą związane. Czy można pozyskiwać energię z organizmów żywych?
6
Content available A novel microbial fuel cell with exchangable membrane - application of additive manufacturing technology for device fabrication
Zawadzki D., Pędziwiatr P., Michalska K.
Acta Innovations
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2018
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no. 28
20--31
EN
Research about exploitation the potential of waste and sludge increased drastically in the recent years. One of the most promising alternative methods of waste management is Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), which generate clean bio-electricity using microorganisms. Organic compounds, sewage, municipal solid waste could be used as a source for microbial nutrition. The construction of MFC is one of the most important parameter in laboratory studies and during scale-up. The efficiency of MFC depends on many factors including type of membrane. To obtain optimization in terms of various operating conditions, a prototype of Microbial Fuel Cell with exchangeable membrane was projected and fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) technology. This novel device allows to research effects of different types of separator membranes. Preliminary research showed possibility to produce 3D printed MFC systems.
7
Content available Mikrobiologiczne ogniwo paliwowe z katodą Ni-Co I katolitem KMnO4
Włodarczyk B., Włodarczyk P. P.
Inżynieria Ekologiczna
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2017
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Vol. 18, nr 5
77--83
PL
Wzrost poziomu życia powoduje wzrost zużycia energii oraz ilości generowanych odpadów i ścieków. Możliwość jednoczesnego oczyszczania ścieków i produkcji energii elektrycznej zapewniają mikrobiologiczne ogniwa paliwowe. Praca przedstawia możliwość oczyszczania ścieków w mikrobiologicznym ogniwie paliwowym z katodą Ni-Co i katolitem KMnO4. Pomiary obejmowały zmiany stężeń ChZT, NH4+ oraz NO3- w reaktorze bez napowietrzania, z napowietrzaniem oraz przy wykorzystaniu mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego z katodą Ni-Co i katolitem KMnO4. Czas redukcji ChZT podczas napowietrzania i wykorzystania mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego jest porównywalny. Wykazano zatem możliwość wykorzystania katody Ni-Co (w katolicie KMnO4) mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego do oczyszczania ścieków. Niestety rozwiązanie to wymaga stałego dostarczania katolitu. W analizowanym ogniwie uzyskano 15 mW mocy oraz gęstość prądu na poziomie 0,23 mA/cm2.
EN
The improving standard of living causes the increases in energy consumption and waste or wastewater production. The possibility of combining wastewater treatment and electricity production can be accomplished by means of a microbial fuel cell. The possibility of wastewater treatment using the Ni-Co alloy as cathode catalyst with KMnO4 catholyte for microbial fuel cells was presented in this paper. The measurements covered the comparison of changes in the concentration of COD, NH4+ and NO3- in the reactor without aeration, with aeration and using a microbial fuel cell (with Ni-Co cathode and KMnO4 catholyte). The reduction time for COD using a microbial fuel cell with the Ni-Co catalyst (and KMnO4 catholyte) is similar to the reduction time with aeration. It has been shown that the Ni-Co (with KMnO4 catholyte) can be used as cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells. Unfortunately, in this case a constant delivery of catholyte is needed. The cell power of 15 mW and current density of 0.23 mA/cm2 were obtained in the analysed MFC.
8
Content available remote Mikrobiologiczne ogniwo paliwowe z katodą Cu-B
Włodarczyk B., Włodarczyk P. P.
Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture
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2016
|
z. 63, nr 3
525--532
PL
Elektrody w mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych najczęściej wykonywane są z tkaniny węglowej, czasami z 1% dodatkiem platyny. Praca przedstawia analizę możliwości wykorzystania stopu Cu-B jako katalizatora katody. Metodyka obejmuje przygotowanie katalizatora, analizę jego aktywności w redukcji H2O2 oraz porównanie zmian stężenia ChZT, NH4+ oraz NO3 - podczas oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych w reaktorze z napowietrzaniem oraz przy wykorzystaniu mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego z katodą Cu-B. Czas redukcji ChZT przy wykorzystaniu mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego z katodą Cu-B jest zbliżony do czasu redukcji przy napowietrzaniu. Uzyskana w ogniwie gęstość prądu (0,21 mA/cm2) oraz ilość energii elektrycznej jest niewielka (0,87 Wh), jednak pomiary przeprowadzono w reaktorach o pojemności 15 l. Uzyskana ilość energii pozwala jednak na eliminację energii koniecznej do napowietrzania zbiorników. Badania wykazały, więc że istnieje możliwość wykorzystania stopu Cu-B jako katalizatora katody mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego.
EN
In microbial fuel cell as electrode are used carbon cloth (or carbon cloth with 1% Pt) electrodes are most common. The paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of using Cu-B alloy as cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells. The measurements included a preparation of catalyst, analysis of its activity in reduction H2O2 and comparison of changes in the concentration of COD, NH4 + oraz NO3 - in the reactor with aeration and with using a microbial fuel cell (with Cu-B cathode). The reduction time for COD with the use of microbial fuel cell with the Cu-B catalyst is similar to the reduction time with aeration. The obtained current density (0.21 mA/cm2) and amount of energy are low (0.87 Wh), but this power was obtained in small reactor (15l). However, the obtained amount of energy allows elimination of the energy needed for reactor aeration. It has been shown that the Cu-B can be used as cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cell.
9
Content available Microbial fuel cells – minireview of technology and application
Bedka A., Brocki K., Michalska K.
Acta Innovations
|
2016
|
no. 19
16--24
EN
Nowadays it can be seen that interest in renewable energy is growing up significantly. Among others we can observe huge development of fuel cells. These devices are used mostly for power production but it is not their only application. There are lots of different types of fuel cells. One of the lasts inventions are microbial fuel cells (MFC), which are based on use of microorganisms. There are lots of research focusing on constructions and application of MFC in different ways.
10
Content available Analiza możliwości zastosowania stali nierdzewnej oraz stopu Cu-B jako katalizatora elektrody paliwowej mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego
Włodarczyk P., Włodarczyk B.
Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska
|
2015
|
Vol. 17, nr 1
111--118
PL
Rozwój technologii mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych (MFC – microbial fuel cell), może stanowić przyszłość zarówno wytwarzania energii elektrycznej z substancji odpadowych, jak i technologii oczyszczania ścieków. Ogniwa te charakteryzują się niskimi kosztami inwestycyjnymi. Ze względu na znakomite własności katalityczne, w wysokowydajnych ogniwach paliwowych (np. wodorowo-tlenowych), jako katalizator stosowana jest platyna. Jednak koszt platyny praktycznie uniemożliwia stosowanie jej w MFC. Z tego względu należy poszukiwać innych katalizatorów nie zawierających metali szlachetnych. W mikrobiologicznych ogniwach paliwowych najczęściej stosuje się elektrody grafitowe. Praca przedstawia analizę możliwości wykorzystania stali nierdzewnej oraz stopu Cu-B jako katalizatora elektrody paliwowej w mikrobiologicznych ogniwach paliwowych. Pomiary objęły elektroutlenianie glukozy na katalizatorze stalowym oraz na stopie Cu-B. Stop Cu-B nanoszono elektrolitycznie na nośnik stalowy. Zakres temperatur pomiarów: 293-303K. Pomiary przeprowadzono przy pomocy potencjostatu w reaktorze szklanym. Uzyskiwana gęstość prądu wynosiła 0,17mA/cm2 dla katalizatora stalowego oraz 0,25mA/cm2 w przypadku użycia stopu Cu-B jako katalizatora. Wykazano, że istnieje możliwość wykorzystania stopu Cu-B oraz stali jako katalizatorów mikrobiologicznych ogniw paliwowych. Znalezienie odpowiedniego i taniego katalizatora może przyczynić się do szybkiego rozwoju odnawialnych źródeł energii jakimi są mikrobiologiczne ogniwa paliwowe.
EN
Considering the increasing standard of living, the energy consumption increases as well, and so does waste production. However, there is a possibility to combine energy production and wastewater treatment. A device that can accomplish this task is a microbial fuel cell (MFC). In MFC's activated sludge bacteria can be used for electricity production during wastewater treatment. In MFC's the organic material is oxidized on anode, and the product of oxidation is CO2 and electrons. One of the problems with MFC’s is a low current density of those energy sources (lower than 1 mA/cm2). Nonetheless, it is possible to increase the current density by using the catalyst for fuel electrode (anode) – as long as a low cost catalyst can be found. The possibility of using stainless steel and Cu-B alloy as catalyst for MFC’s is presented in this paper. Cu-B alloys were obtained by the method of electrochemical deposition on electrode. The increase of current density with stainless steel is approximately 0.17 mA/cm2and with the Cu-B catalyst is approximately 0.25 mA/cm2at the temperature of 293-303K. Use of stainless steel and Cu-B catalyst will increase the efficiency in the use of microorganisms for the production of electricity. This will contribute to the development of high efficiency green energy sources. This action will also allow to increase the environment protection.
11
Content available Harvesting energy and hydrogen from microbes
Sobieszuk P., Zamojska-Jaroszewicz A., Kołtuniewicz A.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 33, nr 4
603--610
EN
This article presents a critical mini-review of research conducted on bioelectrochemical reactors with emphasis placed on microbial fuel cells (MFC) and microbial electrolysis cells (MEC). The principle of operation and typical constructions of MFCs and MECs were presented. The types of anodes and cathodes, ion-selective membranes and microorganisms used were discussed along with their limitations.
12
Content available remote Właściwości trójkomorowego mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego
Gabryszewska M., Szewczyk K. W.
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2011
|
T. 90, nr 2
192-197
13
Content available remote Dobór materiałów konstrukcyjnych do budowy mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego
Gabryszewska M., Szewczyk K. W.
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2011
|
T. 90, nr 2
181-184
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