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EN
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) are to improve the safety and efficiency of vessel traffic and to protect the marine environment by interacting with the ship’s traffic in monitored coastal areas. Today, VTS operators are maritime professionals with nautical education from a university or technical college and practical experience on board. This experience and nautical background is a key element of the work as a VTS operator. It is to support understanding the daily work. The current situation in the maritime domain is undergoing substantial changes, such as introducing new technologies, implementing the e-Navigation concept based on sustainable digitalization and ambitions to realize unmanned and autonomous shipping. This paper will present preliminary results of a pilot study conducted in VTS Centres along the coast of North and Baltic Sea and discuss selected options and opportunities for education and training of future VTS operators, which might not have the advantage of practical sea experience anymore.
EN
The article explores megatrends in management, related to the transition to digital technologies in all spheres of the economy and production in the COVID-19 pandemic. The main contribution to the analysis of the current state of digitalization HR in business. The possibilities of a set of processes and methods of interaction with information in the formation of a strategy of people’s management, are investigated. This is achieved through the use of integrated mobile applications and the automation of HR processes. From the results, the methodology for determining the severity of competences, indicators of behavior are proposed, the strengths and weaknesses of the company’s staff management system in the COVID-19 conditions are taken into account. The practical usability of work is due to the proposed competency-based approach, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of personnel selection, taking into account key macro-competencies that find an applied form through appropriate behavioral indicators.
3
Content available remote Development of a hybrid predictive maintenance model
EN
Progress in the field of technology and science enables the digitalization of manufacturing processes in the era of Industry 4.0. For this purpose, it uses tools which are referred to as the technological pillars of Industry 4.0. Simultaneously with the changes in the field of manufacturing, the interdisciplinary cooperation between production and machine maintenance planning is developing. Different types of predictive maintenance models are being developed in order to ensure the good condition of the machines, optimize maintenance costs and minimize machine downtime. The article presents the existing types of predictive maintenance and selected methods of machine diagnostics that can be used to analyze machines operating parameters. A hybrid model of predictive maintenance was developed and described. The proposed model is based on diagnostic data, historical data on failures and mathematical models. The use of complementary types of predictive maintenance in the hybrid model of predictive maintenance is particularly important in the case of high-performance production lines, where high quality of products and timeliness of orders are crucial.
PL
Postęp w dziedzinie techniki i nauki umożliwia digitalizację procesów wytwórczych w erze Przemysłu 4.0. Wykorzystuje w tym celu narzędzia, które określane są jako filary technologiczne Przemysłu 4.0. Równocześnie ze zmianami w dziedzinie produkcji rozwija się interdyscyplinarna współpraca między produkcją a planowaniem obsługi maszyn. W celu utrzymania maszyn w należytej kondycji oraz optymalizacji kosztów obsługi i czasów przestojów, rozwijają się różne typy predykcyjnych modeli obsługi. W artykule przedstawione zostały istniejące typy predykcyjnej obsługi oraz wybrane metody diagnostyki maszyn, które mogą zostać wykorzystane do badania parametrów pracy maszyn. Opracowany oraz opisany został hybrydowy model predykcyjnej obsługi, wykorzystujący dane diagnostyczne, dane historyczne dotyczące awarii oraz modele matematyczne. Wykorzystanie w hybrydowym modelu predykcyjnej obsługi uzupełniających się typów predykcyjnej obsługi jest szczególnie istotne w przypadku wysokowydajnych linii produkcyjnych, gdzie kluczowe są wysoka jakość wyrobów oraz terminowość wykonywanych zleceń.
PL
W związku z postępującą cyfryzacją wzrosło zapotrzebowanie na przetwarzanie informacji, a tym samym na zapewnienie ciągłości działania cyfrowej infrastruktury. W 2022 roku rynek klimatyzacji precyzyjnej dla centrów danych osiągnął wartość 3,5 mld dolarów. Szacuje się, że do 2026 roku będzie to już 6 mld dolarów.
EN
Purpose: Authors of the paper develop the main assumptions for project management in the Industry 4.0, and present them in the short form as basic knowledge, useful for managing smart manufacturing (SM) projects in companies. Design/methodology/approach: the process of preparing SM (smart manufacturing) projects and their implementation, in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, have been changed, due to the importance of the issue of linking more and more intelligent machines, IT-computer programs and monitored processes into integrated technological systems of key importance for the construction of cyber-physical production systems (CPS). The paper applies a conceptual analysis of possible areas of change in project management (PM) when enterprises build the smart manufacturing (SM). Findings/conclusions: companies building the smart environment must adapt their organization of project management to the new requirements and opportunities of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0) technologies. Research limitations: the narrow scope of knowledge about the ongoing changesin SM project management is due to the short period of experience (the Industry 4.0 concept has been implemented since 2011), therefore the authors have only presented the framework of changes in organization of project management. Practical implications: the authors' intention was to initiate a practical discussion about the changes in project management in the ongoing industrial revolution. Originality/value: Since 2011, when the government of the Federal Republic of Germany recognized the concept of "Industrie 4.0" as the key strategy of innovative development, Industry 4.0 has become an important discussed topic among practitioners and researchers. The fourth industrial revolution is expected to result in a leap in the efficiency of companies operating in the intelligent technological environment. Key technologies or pillars of Industry 4.0 are implemented in manufacturing enterprises to build the smart manufacturing processes. Enterprises develop new projects and make investments in order to create Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS).
EN
The main aim of the paper is to study the impact of the level of digitization of business activities on the human resources orientation on sustainable consumption and production (SCP) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach: During the research process, a survey was conducted among 140 SMEs in Poland at the beginning of 2020. The multiple regression model was built to find the link between the variables. Findings: Statistical analysis indicated that digitization did not have a clearly positive impact on employees’ orientation towards SCP. Among the analysed variables, negatively correlated relationships appeared, especially in the area of the digitization of contacts with the customers. Research limitations: As limitations, it can be pointed the managerial approach during survey research, limited research group, as well as the study period excluding pandemic time. Originality/value: The novelty of the research manifests itself in in the fact that the research problem was applied to the small and medium-sized enterprises, instead of to corporations.
EN
Digitization and climate neutrality are among the development priorities of EU member states. This causes wide scientific and practical interest in the description of these processes, including their mutual influence. In this case, digitalization is a factor, and climate neutrality, largely characterized by green-house gas emissions, is the answer. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess the impact of digitalization on greenhouse gas emissions using the example of EU member states. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the proposition of hypotheses, the proof of which will allow us to estimate the level of influence of the digitalization process on the volume of greenhouse gases per capita of the EU member states using economic and mathematical tools. It is justified that the direct impact of digitalization on the level of greenhouse gas emissions cannot be considered significant and statistically significant. The impact of digitalization on the processes of reducing greenhouse gas emissions with a delay of 1 to 4 years has not been identified. Considering the low degree of correlation-regression dependence between greenhouse gas emissions and the level of digitization, it can be assumed that either (1) other factors have a significant impact (list), or (2) the observation horizon is "captured" only by the part of the Kuznets curve, which corresponds to the descending part parabolas. Consequently, the conducted analysis shows that there are serious reasons to believe that digitalization is not the main (leading) factor in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This necessitates further re-search with the inclusion of a wide range of variables (related to regulatory policy, tax policy, investment policy, the culture of consumption) in the model.
EN
The spread of COVID-19 contributes to changing economic, environmental and social reality around the world. One of the significant consequences of the current pandemic can already be called the accelerated introduction of digital technologies in various fields. Against this background, the article is devoted to the theoretical and analytical substantiation of the feasibility of reorienting traditional production and management systems in the context of COVID-19 to digital ones. It has been proven that digitalization, sustainable development and COVID-19 are new challenges generated by human activity that require non-standard solutions. A composition of non-standard digital solutions is proposed to overcome the problems associated with COVID-19, ensuring sustainable development, allowing to launch new business models capable of smoothing post-Covid consequences and bringing the world economy onto a trajectory of sustainable economic growth.
EN
Theoretical generalization is carried out in this paper, and the digital transformation of remote staff selection processes is developed through Smart HR Recruiting technology. The work aims to develop modern methods of remote personnel selection in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The research methodology is based on forming a program of measures to improve the HR recruitment model based on Smart recruiting, considering the trending areas of digital recruiting. As a result of the study, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of remote recruitment in the Smart HR Recruiting process. The economic effect of recruiting processes according to the Smart HR-Recruiting method has been confirmed.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono uogólnienie teoretyczne oraz opracowano nowatorską technikę cyfrowej transformacji procesów zdalnej selekcji pracowników za pomocą technologii Smart HR Recruiting. Celem pracy było opracowanie nowoczesnych metod zdalnej selekcji personelu w kontekście ogólnoświatowej pandemii COVID-19. Metodologia badania opierała się na stworzeniu programu działań mających na celu doskonalenie modelu rekrutacji HR opartego na Smart Rekrutacjach z uwzględnieniem trendów w rekrutacji cyfrowej. W wyniku badania dokonano oceny skuteczności rekrutacji zdalnej w procesie Smart HR Recruiting. Potwierdzono efekt ekonomiczny procesów rekrutacyjnych metodą Smart HR-Recruiting.
10
Content available Leadership for digitalization in public sector
EN
This paper aims to evaluate the leadership for digitalization in the case of public sector in Lithuania. Like private companies, public organizations are in the process of digitizing their activities in order to increase the efficiency of public services in the public interest. The Covid-19 pandemic has provided an additional unplanned impetus to maximize the digitalization of operations, although the process is not always running smoothly. To investigate this issue, a quantitative method of survey was conducted in the case of Lithuanian public sector organizations. Organizational leaders are perceived as axial individuals who could facilitate a smoother digitalization process. This is what employees expect of them, so leaders need to develop the specific skills needed in the context of digitalization in a leadership style that affects them, and they need to develop and use specific competencies relevant to the digitalization process.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu ocenę przywództwa w zakresie cyfryzacji w przypadku sektora publicznego na Litwie. Podobnie jak firmy prywatne, organizacje publiczne są w trakcie cyfryzacji swoich działań w celu zwiększenia efektywności usług publicznych w interesie publicznym. Pandemia Covid-19 dała dodatkowy nieplanowany impuls do maksymalizacji cyfryzacji operacji, chociaż proces ten nie zawsze przebiega płynnie. Aby zbadać ten problem, przeprowadzono badanie ilościowe w przypadku litewskich organizacji sektora publicznego. Liderzy organizacyjni są postrzegani jako osoby osiowe, które mogą ułatwić płynniejszy proces digitalizacji. Tego oczekują od nich pracownicy, dlatego liderzy muszą rozwijać konkretne umiejętności potrzebne w kontekście cyfryzacji w stylu przywództwa, który ich dotyczy, oraz muszą rozwijać i wykorzystywać określone kompetencje istotne dla procesu cyfryzacji.
EN
The sustainability of engineering education depends on a strategic vision in university education. The strategic vision of education at technical universities is orientated to knowledge, digitization, online education, innovative methods in education, all forms of Management and business education platform. The main goal of this article is the creation of the model of engineering education at the technical university based on synergy effect of the economic subjects of study, digitalization, all forms of management, and innovative didactic methods with direction to future education. In this research we realized project "Student firms" by using digitalization, e-learning approach in education and connecting all form of management as in business environment. Results of the implemented "Student Firms" project at the university recorded benefits in improving students' key competencies, soft skills, social competencies, financial, economic competencies, and their impact on the level of evaluation of subjects of study. The output of the research was the design of a model of engineering education at the university. This model can be a tool for making changes in education at university for his sustainability in the future.
EN
The current market situation shows that enterprises are still struggling to digitize their business through the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), cloud technologies and other more advanced technologies, but the fifth industrial revolution is knocking on the door. This article deals with the analysis and evaluation of the impact of Industry 5.0 on entrepreneurs. Industry 4.0 analysis provides results based on interviews with practitioners as well as sales representatives. The main part of the article focuses on the business situation, where the goal was to identify existing gaps along with opportunities and threats. This analysis also describes the best way how to transform in times of the next industrial revolution. Study addresses the approach of integrating human workers in the supply chain in cooperation with automated processes. The purpose of this study is to confirm or refute whether companies are ready for another industrial revolution.
EN
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the positioning of Ukraine in the global indices of innovative development and competitiveness, to evaluate the indicators of innovation activity and, based on the outcomes of the research, to determine the place of Ukraine in the global innovation space. The dynamics of innovation activity on an international scale based on the consolidated indicators of the Global Innovation Index are presented. Ukraine’s position in it and progress in achieving goals to better understand the processes that stimulate or constrain innovation are determined. Econometric methods to generalize the positioning of Ukraine in the global innovation space and the DEA method to study the relative individual effectiveness of the innovation environment and innovation activities in Europe are used.
EN
Accurate and timely measures to preserve the native populations of the wild honey bees need a study on the influence of housing conditions and environmental factors on the quality, productivity and viability of bee colonies. The authors have developed a system for remote monitoring of microclimate parameters of wild bee colonies based on the latest LoRaWAN technology. For studying the monitoring system based on the selected data transmission technology, data collection and transmission devices are implemented in two variants – based on ready-made monoblock devices (Variant 1) and composite devices (Variant 2) based on the Atmega328P microcontroller and photovoltaic power supply system with digital temperature and humidity sensors. Field tests of an experimental remote monitoring system were carried out in actual working conditions without power supply and communication systems. The tests involved 15 monoblock ready-made RAK7204 devices (Variant 1) and nine composite devices (Variant 2) based on the Atmega328P microcontroller. After the tests, Variant 1 was excluded from further use in research due to mass failure. Variant 2 passed the tests and participated in further research. The parameters of the power supply system of measuring devices and gateways are analyzed. The results of year-round monitoring of microclimate parameters of bee colonies were obtained. The study results prove the efficiency of the monitoring system based on LoRaWAN technology with the Atmega328P microcontroller devices and its operation comfort. During the study, it was recorded that the outer air temperature dropped to -36 °C. During the same period, the internal temperature significantly exceeded the air temperature. Besides, the highest temperature in wild hives during the winter months reaches +15 °C and +35.5 °C in the summer months. The temperature difference recorded in winter between the air inside wild hives and outer air reaches Δ30 °С.
EN
Purpose: The aim of this study is to discuss the impact COVID-19 pandemic on implementation 4.0 technologies in enterprises and supply chains. Design/methodology/approach: The study performs review of literature to identify key aspects of Industry 4.0, the COVID-19 pandemic in the economy. Findings: The paper explained the changes in the functioning of enterprises and supply chains and their transformation towards Industry 4.0. The authors defined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of applying technology trends of the Industry 4.0 by enterprises and supply chains. We claim that in the enterprises and supply chains will be the need to invest in new technologies for the long term and implement new infrastructures. The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to help us push the accelerator pedal on Industry 4.0 in the industries, especially manufacturing industry. Originality/value: The study is one of the analysis of the relationships between enterprises and supply chains in the framework of Industry 4.0 and the aspects the COVID-19 pandemic in creating value chain. The study can be addressed to project managers and supply chains managers responded for implementation technologies of Industry 4.0.
EN
The current market situation has forced enterprises to change the place where they offer their products. Due to the covid-19 restrictions, in order not to lose customers and be able to continue earning money, they had to create or use various types of online platforms and organize e-shops where customers can make purchases without any restrictions. With properly designed and organized platforms, customers can check other customers’ opinions about a given enterprise and its offer, choose what they need, how they want to pay, what type of delivery of the ordered goods they prefer, and they can do it at any time of the day or night and from anywhere with access to the Internet. However, it can be noticed that not all platforms operating on the market meet the expectations of customers, they do not have many functions, and there is even lack of the basic information about the enterprise or contact details. In such a situation, customers are uncertain about the safety of using such a platform, often prefer to use a competitive e-shop. That is why, when assessing the operation of e-shops and the quality of its services, it is necessary to take into account the assessment of the operation of the online platform itself. The aim of the paper is to assess the functioning of the selected internet platform and its operation by customers. The Sitequal method, a variation of the Servqual method, was used during the research. The results of the research helped to show whether the customers were satisfied with the functioning of the platform, what they liked and what they would like to improve. This allowed to indicate the strengths and weaknesses of this platform and possible direction of improvements. The results obtained can form the basis for various types of enterprises to improve their online platforms.
EN
This study aimed to examine the needs of Generation Z and determine the corresponding strategic vectors for the global market transformation using the tourism sector as an example. The main research methods were represented by market analysis and survey. Besides, the study used statistical data from Millennial and Gen Z Traveler Survey 2019: A Multi-Country Comparison Report. This study examined data from a survey of travellers. The research sample consisted of 4236 individuals from 5 countries. Responses were enrolled through an online survey of travellers who reside in the world’s five major travel markets: the US, the UK, Australia, China and India. As a result, a theoretical model of the global travel market that meets the needs of Generation Z was proposed. Essentially, the model offers to develop the global travel industry through the synthesis of modern digital technologies and social communication. The scientific contribution of this study is the proposed methodological approach to the tourism industry management based on identifying its transformation vectors. The practical application of the proposed model for the transformation of the global travel industry to meet the needs of Generation Z should contribute to the market’s effective adaptation and the development of its competitive advantages.
PL
Celem pracy było zbadanie potrzeb pokolenia Z i określenie odpowiednich wektorów strategicznych dla transformacji globalnego rynku na przykładzie sektora turystycznego. Głównymi metodami badawczymi była analiza i badanie rynku. Poza tym w badaniu wykorzystano dane statystyczne z Millennial and Gen Z Traveler Survey 2019: A Multi-Country Compare Report. W badaniu przeanalizowano dane z ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród podróżnych. Próba badawcza składała się z 4236 osób z 5 krajów. Odpowiedzi uzyskano w ankiecie internetowej przeprowadzonej wśród podróżnych, którzy mieszkają na pięciu głównych światowych rynkach turystycznych: w Stanach Zjednoczonych, Wielkiej Brytanii, Australii, Chinach i Indiach. W efekcie zaproponowano teoretyczny model globalnego rynku turystycznego odpowiadający potrzebom pokolenia Z. Zasadniczo model oferuje rozwój globalnej branży turystycznej poprzez syntezę nowoczesnych technologii cyfrowych i komunikacji społecznej. Naukowym wkładem pracy jest zaproponowane podejście metodologiczne do zarządzania branżą turystyczną w oparciu o identyfikację wektorów jej przemian. Praktyczne zastosowanie proponowanego modelu transformacji globalnej branży turystycznej na potrzeby pokolenia Z powinno przyczynić się do skutecznej adaptacji rynku i rozwoju jego przewag konkurencyjnych.
EN
The presented article deals with the position of Slovakia among the V4 countries (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary), according to the DESI index in selected indicators. Selected indicators of V4 countries were compared by the non-parametric form of ANOVA. When rejecting the null hypothesis of equality of mean values, pairs were subsequently identified between which there is a statistically significant difference. The article aimed to define specific differences and point out the possibilities of increasing competence in the given areas of the DESI index with emphasis on the V4 countries and the potential of digitization, which is gaining in importance in terms of the Covid-19 pandemic.
PL
Prezentowany artykuł dotyczy pozycji Słowacji wśród krajów V4 (Słowacja, Czechy, Polska, Węgry), według indeksu DESI w wybranych wskaźnikach. Wybrane wskaźniki krajów V4 porównano za pomocą nieparametrycznej postaci ANOVA. Odrzucając hipotezę zerową o równości wartości średnich, identyfikowano następnie pary, pomiędzy którymi występuje różnica istotna statystycznie. Celem artykułu było zdefiniowanie konkretnych różnic oraz wskazanie możliwości zwiększenia kompetencji w danych obszarach indeksu DESI ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem krajów V4 oraz potencjału cyfryzacji, która w warunkach pandemii Covid-19 zyskuje na znaczeniu.
EN
In digital revolution, the appropriate IT infrastructure, technological knowledge are essential for the success of companies, where the success of the digital transformation depends on digital maturity. The aim of the study is to define the digital maturity, theoretical foundation of the digital maturity model and present a framework for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) understanding where they are in digitalisation (how advanced their digital resource system and digital approach) to respond faster and efficiently to environmental changes. The model construction is based on theory of dynamic capabilities, graduation models, and SMEs management challenges. The model is a dynamic model to support management in strategic, digital and organizational developments, which is divided into IT and organizational dimensions, including 6 components and 28 subcomponents. The ultimate goal of the study is to determine the component weights to create a neurofuzzy model.
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