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1

Effect of Karanja biodiesel blends on the characteristics of diesel engine

Yadav Sandeep, Kumar Amit, Chaudhary Abhilasha

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 115

249--264

EN

Extensive research is being conducted to create and use a wide range of alternative fuels to accommodate the world's growing energy needs. The objective of this experimental investigation was to analyze the effects of Karanja biodiesel blends on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine vis-a-vis neat diesel. Important physical parameters of Karanja oil were examined experimentally after transesterification and determined to be within acceptable limits. BTE of Karanja biodiesel blends was about 3-8% lower than diesel. For Karanja biodiesel blends, BSFC was about 2-9% higher than diesel but exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency were lower. Emissions characteristics such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide were also analyzed for various tested fuels. Karanja biodiesel blends resulted in lesser CO and HC formation. Nonetheless, NOx emissions were around 10% greater than diesel. Peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and maximum rate of pressure rise versus crank angle were among the combustion characteristics parameters considered in this study. Combustion analysis revealed that for Karanja biodiesel blends heat release rate and peak cylinder pressure were lower than for neat diesel. Findings indicate that Karanja biodiesel can be considered a viable diesel engine fuel.

2

Przestrzeń świątyni – przestrzeń teatru

Kozień-Woźniak Magdalena, Podhalański Bogusław

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2022

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Z. 8

5--14

PL

Wspólnym elementem w świątyni i teatrze są ludzie zwani odpowiednio wiernymi lub publicznością. Różne są natomiast cele i okoliczności, dla których przybywają oni do tych obiektów będących budynkami użyteczności publicznej, niegdyś określanymi jako architektura monumentalna. Przestrzeń służąca celom tych zgromadzeń ma również wspólne cechy, spośród których widoczność oraz słyszalność są podstawowymi, jednak realizowanymi przez architekta w różny sposób. Istotne jest oddziaływanie tych przestrzeni na zgromadzonych, które w przypadku świątyni winno podkreślać jej pierwiastek sakralny, a w teatrze jej utylitarność, przeżywanie dramatu scenicznego. Porównanie wybranych teatrów i świątyń wskazuje na zasadnicze formy widowni oraz powiązań między wnętrzem i zewnętrzem obiektów wykorzystywanych do budowania pierwiastka sacrum i profanum. Kościół w Bieńczycach, katedra Notre Dame du Liban i cerkiew w Białym Borze, teatr festiwalowy w Bayreuth oraz Teatro Popular w Niterói stanowiły wybrane przykłady analiz, rozważań i porównań.

EN

One common element of a temple and a theatre are people, called the faithful and the audience, respectively. However, the purpose and circumstances that attract them to these buildings differ. They are undoubtedly public buildings that used to be termed monumental architecture. The space used for such gatherings also has common features, of which visibility and audibility are fundamental, but are implemented by architects in different ways. The impact of these spaces on those convened in them is essential. In temples, this impact should highlight their religious element, while in theatres it should underscore their utilitarianism and the experience of a stage drama. A comparison of selected theatres and temples showed essential forms of auditoria and linkages between the buildings’ interiors and exteriors used to build the elements of the sacred and the profane. The Church in Bieńczyce, the Chapel of Notre-Dame du Liban and the Orthodox Church in Biały Bór, as well as the Festival Theatre in Bayreuth and the Teatro Popular in Niterói were the cases selected for analysis, discussion and comparison.

3

Sortowniki wibracyjne wiszące. Część 2

Reczulski Mariusz

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2022

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R. 78, nr 2

90--93

PL

Kontynuując prezentacje sortowników wibracyjnych wiszących, światowych producentów maszyn i urządzeń branży celulozowo-papierniczej [5], opisano wiele ciekawych rozwiązań pozwalających wydłużyć okres eksploatacji sortowników. Dotyczy to głównie sposobu samooczyszczania sit, zespołu napędowego sortowników oraz konstrukcji kosza sitowego i ramy nośnej. Nowoczesne rozwiązania sortowników wibracyjnych wiszących zapewniają odpowiednią amplitudę i częstotliwość pracy sit na całej ich powierzchni, uzyskując lepszą efektywność sortowania materiału i większą wydajność urządzeń.

4

The technical-economic and environmental study of a hybrid photovoltaic liquid petroleum gas energy system for an isolated community in Algeria

Amara Mohamed, Mostefai Mohamed

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

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R. 98, nr 2

54--58

EN

In this work, we have investigated the different configurations employing hybrid PV- LPG system. We have use the HOMER software to evaluate the better price and ideal configuration of hybrid system in Ain el Skhouna village in the city of Saida in Algeria, with reference to price of production of energy and its annual yield suited to diverse configuration. The results prove that the PV-LPG configuration is the best result, with minimum price. energy and ecologically than the others configurations.

PL

W niniejszej pracy zbadaliśmy różne konfiguracje wykorzystujące hybrydowy układ PV-LPG. Za pomocą oprogramowania HOMER oszacowaliśmy lepszą cenę i idealną konfigurację systemu hybrydowego w wiosce Ain el Skhouna w mieście Saida w Algierii, w odniesieniu do ceny produkcji energii i jej rocznej wydajności dostosowanej do zróżnicowanej konfiguracji. Wyniki dowodzą, że konfiguracja PV-LPG jest najlepszym wynikiem, przy minimalnej cenie. energii i ekologicznie niż inne konfiguracje.

5

The effects of information technologies on automotive supply chain and firm performance. A PLS-SEM approach

Boubker Omar

LogForum

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2022

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Vol. 18, no. 1

61--75

EN

Background: In today's context, information technology is increasingly taking a great interest for academics and practitioners. IT plays a critical role in supply chain readiness to meet market changes by lowering costs and enhancing quality. Hence, the objective of this article is to explore the effect of information technology integration (ITI) and supply chain information management (SCIM) on supply chain integration (SCI) and its association with supply chain performance (SCP) and firm performance in the automotive supply chain. Methods: The research data were collected from 177 middle and top-level managers of automotive firms installed in Morocco. The structural equation modelling under the partial least squares approach was used in testing the hypotheses and proposed model. Results: The study findings show that ITI and SCIM positively and significantly affect the level of SCI. In addition, SCI positively and significantly affects SCP and firm performance. Furthermore, SCP plays a direct and positive role in improving firm performance. Conclusions: The study results provide direction on how automotive SC managers might enhance automotive SCP and firm performance.

6

Supply chain maturity models: a comparative review

Hansali Oumaima, Elrhanimi Samah, Elabbadi Laila

LogForum

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2022

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Vol. 18, no. 4

435--450

EN

Background: Due to the high potential to gain competitive advantage in today's global market, supply chains play a critical role in the current industry. Understanding maturity and its features in the context of the supply chain can help companies achieve higher levels of performance. To assess and measure supply chains, a wide variety of supply chain maturity models have been developed to help companies analyze the existing state in the supply chain, allowing for the achievement of higher levels of maturity and providing guidance in the development of an improvement roadmap. Methods: The review spans from the early 1990s to 2021 and examines research carried out and published in the literature, including papers on conference proceedings, articles in journals, and technical reports. The previous models, stages, dimensions (areas/elements), and methods are included in this review. Research gaps are also noted, analyzed, and discussed. Results: The purpose of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of supply chain maturity models to explore the special characteristics of the studied models, which help to identify the differences and similarities between each other, and also to present the various focus areas related to the supply chain. The results show the existence of a large variety of models with a trend to the customs of models for specific area of supply chain. We also identified that most of the models have similar maturity level names and number since they are developed based on previously existing maturity models. The results of this paper are meant to serve as a reference guide for a detailed understanding of documented supply chain maturity models and help practitioners to seek better alignment in regards to supply chain maturity models characteristics. Conclusions: Supply chains play an important role in the market rivalry nowadays. Understanding maturity and its components in the context of supply chain management can help companies perform at higher levels. Despite the high number of maturity models developed in the field of supply chain, the result of this review shows that there is a need for new studies to fill the gaps in the existing work and to take into consideration the complexity faced in the management of supply chain networks.

7

An assessment of machine learning and data balancing techniques for evaluating downgrade truck crash severity prediction in Wyoming

Ampadu Vincent-Michael Kwesi, Haq Muhammad Tahmidul, Ksaibati Khaled

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2022

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Vol. 7, No. 2

6--24

EN

This study involved the investigation of various machine learning methods, including four classification tree-based ML models, namely the Adaptive Boosting tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boost Decision Tree, Extreme Gradient Boosting tree, and three non-tree-based ML models, namely Support Vector Machines, Multi-layer Perceptron and k-Nearest Neighbors for predicting the level of severity of large truck crashes on Wyoming road networks. The accuracy of these seven methods was then compared. The Final ROC AUC score for the optimized random forest model is 95.296 %. The next highest performing model was the k-NN with 92.780 %, M.L.P. with 87.817 %, XGBoost with 86.542 %, Gradboost with 74.824 %, SVM with 72.648 % and AdaBoost with 67.232 %. Based on the analysis, the top 10 predictors of severity were obtained from the feature importance plot. These may be classified into whether safety equipment was used, whether airbags were deployed, the gender of the driver and whether alcohol was involved.

8

Comparative study of the performance of an internal combustion engine and its emission working on conventional fuel (Diesel) and alternative fuel (Bio-CNG)

Ingawale Shrikant M., Bagi J. S., Nikam L. S.

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 6, No 1

67--76

EN

Currently, the world is facing problems regarding environmental pollution due to the combustion of fossil fuels. Generally, the combustion of fossil fuels takes place in the Internal Combustion engine for power or electricity generation. The combustion of fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases that lead to the greenhouse effect. The main symptom of the greenhouse effect is increased earth surface temperature. Also, the resources of fossil fuels are depleting rapidly and can take thousands of years to reproduce, so the time has come to go for lesser polluting renewable fuels. In this research, Bio-CNG is considered as an alternative fuel to conventional fuel, i.e. Diesel. The performance test on four-stroke IC Engines working on Bio-CNG and Diesel fuel is conducted simultaneously. The performance parameters such as Brake Power, Indicated Power, Thermal Efficiencies, Mechanical, Volumetric efficiency for both fuels are compared. Along with the performance, the emission is also recorded and compared. The results have shown that Bio-CNG has slightly less performance ability for similar engines working on Diesel fuel. Yet, this study also shows that Bio-CNG possesses the ability to replace the conventional fuel with some engine and exhaust system modifications. The higher calorific value (47000 kJ/kg) and lower or negligible carbon emission make it the best sustainable fuel substitute to conventional fuel, i.e. Diesel.

9

Digitalisation of supply chain management system for customer quality service improvement

Shevtshenko Eduard, Maas Rene, Murumaa Lea, Karaulova Tatjanja, Raji Ibrahim Oluwole, Popell Janek

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, No. 3

78--90

EN

The main idea of the current research is to apply customer satisfaction level Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for supply chain reliability improvement. The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model-based KPI metrics increase the quality of product/service by monitoring, visualising, and digitalising directly involved processes. In the long run, the solution will ultimately help reduce/eliminate the number of customer reclamations in the supply chain. An industry-oriented performance measurement model based on SCOR can be easily adapted for different sectors. The approach proposed in the current research is based on identifying key factors of supply chain performance of the SCOR model connected with the predictive and diagnostic capability of Bayesian Believe Networks. The difference in performance can be reached via applying the best practices to processes, affecting the performance on a larger scale.

10

Wydajność języków C++ oraz Java na platformie Android

Wlazło Paweł, Smołka Jakub

Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

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2022

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Vol. 23

135--139

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę porównawczą technologii Java i C++ w kontekście wydajności na platformie Andro-id. Celem tej pracy było wskazanie wydajniejszego języka do tworzenia aplikacji mobilnych. Badania przeprowadzono na autorskich aplikacjach. Testy dotyczyły sortowania danych, wyznaczania liczb pierwszych, modyfikacji bitmapy, zapisu do bazy danych i odczytu z pliku tekstowego. Serie powtórzeń każdego testu wykonane zostały na urządzeniach marki Samsung oraz Xiaomi. Kryteria, którymi się posłużono to: czas wykonania testu, obciążenie procesora, wykorzy-stanie pamięci RAM. Wydajność wwiększości przeprowadzonych testów była na korzyść języka C++. Cechą wykazu-jącą największe różnice między badanymi technologiami był czas wykonania, gdzie C++ uzyskał 18punktów, a Java 3 punkty. Dla wykorzystania procesora wynik był taki sam, jednak różnice wartości mniejsze. Parametrem niewskazu-jącym faworyta było wykorzystanie pamięci RAM. Uzyskano 11punktów dla języka C++ i10 punktów dla Javy.

EN

The article presents a comparative analysis of Java and C ++ technologies in terms of performance on the Android plat-form. The purpose of this work was to point to a more efficient language for developing mobile applications. The study was carried out on custom applications. The tests concerned data sorting, prime numbers determination, bitmap modifi-cation, saving to the database and reading from a text file. The series of repetitions of each test were performed on Sam-sung and Xiaomi devices. The following criteria were used: test execution time, CPU load, and RAM usage. The per-formance, in most of the carried out tests, was in favor of the C++ language, and the main difference and with the great-est discrepancy between the technologies tested was the execution time, where C++ scored 18 points, and Java 3 points. For the CPU usage, the result was the same, but value differences were smaller. A nondiscerning parameter that was the use of RAM. C++ received 11 points and Java 10.

11

Porównanie wydajności aplikacji internetowych na przykładzie szkieletów programistycznych Laravel i Vaadin

Radomski Jakub

Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

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2022

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Vol. 22

35--39

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki porównania wydajności aplikacji internetowych napisanych przy użyciu szkieletów aplikacji Laravel oraz Vaadin. Celem badania było wskazanie, który szkielet oferuje lepszą wydajnośćczasową oraz zweryfikowanie postawionej tezy brzmiącej “Aplikacja internetowa stworzona przy użyciu platformy programistycznej Vaadin jest bardziej wydajna niż aplikacja stworzona za pomocą platformy Laravel”. Do przeprowadzenia badania wykorzystano metodę badawczą opartą na analizie porównawczej i przy pomocy dwóch aplikacji zbadano między innymi pręd-kość generowania zasobów, czy czasy uzyskane w pracy pod obciążeniem. Przeprowadzono próby według 13 scenariuszy badań a otrzymane wyniki pozwoliły jednoznacznie zweryfikować, że postawiona teza została udowodniona.

EN

The article presents the result of comparing the performance of web applications written with the use of Laravel and Vaadin frameworks. The aim of the study was to identify which framework offers better time efficiency and to verify the thesis: "A web application created using the Vaadin framework is more efficient than an application created using the Laravel framework". A research method based on a comparative analysis was used to conduct the study and with the help of two applications was tested the speed of resource generation, or the times obtained in work under load. Tests were carried out according to 13 research scenarios and the obtained results allowed to clearly verify the thesis was proven.

12

On Implementation of Efficient Inline DDoS Detector Based on AATAC Algorithm

Wiśniewski Piotr, Sosnowski Maciej, Burakowski Wojciech

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2022

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Vol. 68. No. 4

889--898

EN

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks constitute a major threat in the current Internet. These cyber-attacks aim to flood the target system with tailored malicious network traffic overwhelming its service capacity and consequently severely limiting legitimate users from using the service. This paper builds on the state-of-the-art AATAC algorithm (Autonomous Algorithm for Traffic Anomaly Detection) and provides a concept of a dedicated inline DDoS detector capable of real-time monitoring of network traffic and near-real-time anomaly detection. The inline DDoS detector consists of two main elements: 1) inline probe(s) responsible for link-rate real-time processing and monitoring of network traffic with custom-built packet feature counters, and 2) an analyser that performs the near-real-time statistical analysis of these counters for anomaly detection. These elements communicate asynchronously via the Redis database, facilitating a wide range of deployment scenarios. The inline probes are based on COTS servers and utilise the DPDK framework (Data Plane Development Kit) and parallel packet processing on multiple CPU cores to achieve link rate traffic analysis, including tailored DPI analysis.

13

Method of Calculating a Salary Bonus Based on Performance, Quality of Labour, Difficulty of Work, Discipline and Attendance in a Clothing Company

Amira Lakhal, Nejib Sejri, Fadhel Jaafar

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2022

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Nr 1 (151)

3--7

EN

Globally, textile and clothing companies are seeking to increase the export rate by minimising the cost of production. The same goal still applies for Tunisian companies. Nonetheless, production cost is the most but not the only significant factor that increases the competitiveness of a product. Others are important in beating the challenge of global competition. Among these factors are deadlines, economic and social stability, proximity, competence of the workforce and quality. In this study, the SAW method was used to develop a method for the calculation of a salary bonus according to the following criteria: the quality index, performance, difficulty of work, discipline, and attendance. This method improved the skills and wages of the workforce, decreased the absenteeism rate and increased the productivity of the company. The results showed in dependence on the case studied that the quality index varied between-0.053 and 1, performance between 40.5 and 81, the ranking vector between 0.545 and 0.911, and the bonus rate between 0% and 15%. The study reduced the absenteeism rate from 13.25% to 8.3% for direct labour. The quality of production was improved by reducing the defect rate by 8.54% to 4.6%. The efficiency of the chain was also improved by 51% to 67.3%.

14

Effect of Waste Fines and Fibers on the Strength and Durability Performance of Silica Fume Based Reactive Powder Concrete

Renisha M., Sakthieswaran N.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2022

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Nr 1 (151)

43--49

EN

The demand and consumption of conventional concrete materials is increasing day by day, which in turn leads to the extinction of natural resources. Certain researchers tend to draw a circle to solve this global problem by finding alternative materials satisfying all aspects, mainly efficiency, eco-friendly and economical. The present research work aimed to study the combined use of coal bottom ash (CBA) and waste concrete powder (WCP) in silica fume based reactive powder concrete (SF-RPC) subjected to thermal curing. The replacement of cement by silica fume was limited to 20% and the fine aggregate quartz sand replaced by CBA and WCP varied from 5% to 25% each. The material composition of SF-RPC involves the exclusion of coarse aggregates and the inclusion of finer materials with micro-steel fibers. The steel fibers played a significant role in order to obtain a ductile and stable product of SF-RPC. The experimental investigation on SF-RPC comprised of the determination of fresh concrete properties such as slump flow and the compaction factor, as well as mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength and split-tensile strength. The study was also extended to investigate durability properties such as water absorption, sorptivity and resistance to acid attack. The results showed that silica fume proves to be a feasible alternative to partially replace cement and also that optimum incorporation of pre-treated and processed CBA and WCP attains better mechanical and durability performance without compromising the necessary qualities.

15

Automated lung nodule detection in CT images by optimized CNN: impact of improved whale optimization algorithm

Kumar M. Kiran, Amalanathan Anthoniraj

Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science

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2022

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Vol. 29, no. 1-2 spec.

7--31

EN

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among individuals.It should be diagnosed at the early stages, otherwise it may lead to fatality due to itsmalicious nature. Early detection of the disease is very significant for patients’ survival, andit is a challenging issue. Therefore, a new model including the following stages: (1) imagepre-processing, (2) segmentation, (3) proposed feature extraction and (4) classificationis proposed. Initially, pre-processing takes place, where the input image undergoes specificpre-processing. The pre-processed images are then subjected to segmentation, which iscarried out using the Otsu thresholding model. The third phase is feature extraction, wherethe major contribution is obtained. Specifically, 4D global local binary pattern (LBP)features are extracted. After their extracting, the features are subjected to classification,where the optimized convolutional neural network (CNN) model is exploited. For a moreprecise detection of a lung nodule, the filter size of a convolution layer, hidden unit inthe fully connected layer and the activation function in CNN are tuned optimally byan improved whale optimization algorithm (WOA) called the whale with tri-level enhancedencircling behavior (WTEEB) model.

16

Influence of Biomass Ash on the Performance and Durability of Mortar

Ramdane Rihab, Kherraf Leila, Abdelouahed Assia, Belachia Mouloud

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2022

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Vol. 32, no. 2

53--71

EN

This work revolves around the study of the partial substitution of cement by biomass ash (residue generated during incineration of wood waste) in mortar. The introduction of wood ash in the cement formulation allows solving some problems related to the lack of construction materials and protecting the environment. To carry out this work we have introduced wood ash as an addition which partially substitutes cement at three different replacement percentages (5%, 10% and 15%). We carried out tests on mortar in the fresh state (consistency, density and occluded air); evaluated its performance in the hardened state (compressive and flexural tensile strength), dimensional stability and its durability (water absorption by immersion and by capillarity as well as resistance to chlorides and acidic environments followed by XRD). Results obtained will be compared with the results of control samples with 0% substitution rate. The results of this valorisation show that the incorporation of 5% of ash fillers in the cement improves mechanical resistance as well as certain durability parameters.

17

Selected aspects of the choice of live steam pressure in PWR nuclear power plant

Laskowski Rafał, Smyk Adam, Jurkowski Romuald, Ancé Julien, Wołowicz Marcin, Uzunow Nikołaj

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2022

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Vol. 43, no 3

85--109

EN

In commercially available generation III and III+ PWR (pressurized water reactor) reactors, pressure of steam produced in steam generators varies in a relatively wide range from 5.7 to 7.8 MPa. Therefore, it is important to ask which value of steam pressure should be used for a specific unit, taking into account different location conditions, the size of the power system and conditions of operation with other sources of electricity generation. The paper analyzes the effect of steam pressure at the outlet of a steam generator on the performance of a PWR nuclear power plant by presenting changes in gross and net power and efficiency of the unit for steam pressures in the range of 6.8 to 7.8 MPa. In order to determine losses in the thermal system of the PWR power plant, in particular those caused by flow resistance and live steam throttling between the steam generator and the turbine inlet, results concerning entropy generation in the thermal system of the power plant have been presented. A model of a nuclear power plant was developed using the Ebsilon software and validated based on data concerning the Olkiluoto Unit 3 EPR (evolutionary power reactor) power plant. The calculations in the model were done for design conditions and for a constant thermal power of the steam generator. Under nominal conditions of the Olkiluoto Unit 3 EPR power unit, steam pressure is about 7.8 MPa and the steam dryness fraction is 0.997. The analysis indicates that in the assumed range of live steam pressure the gross power output and efficiency increase by 32 MW and 0.735 percentage point, respectively, and the net power output and efficiency increase by 27.8 MW and 0.638 percentage point, respectively. In the case of all types of commercially available PWR reactors, water pressure in the primary circuit is in the range of 15.5−16.0 MPa. For such pressure, reducing the live steam pressure leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the unit. Although a higher steam pressure increases the efficiency of the system, it is necessary to take into account the limitations resulting from technical and economic criteria as well as operating conditions of the primary circuit, including the necessary DNBR (departure from nucleate boiling ratio) margin. For the above reasons, increasing the live steam pressure above 7.8 MPa (the value used in EPR units that have already been completed) is unjustified, as it is associated with higher costs of the steam generator and the high-pressure part of the turbine.

18

Performance analysis between a hybrid force/position and conventional controllers for a wrist exoskeleton

Avilés Valeria, Avilés Oscar F., Aponte Jorge, Caldas Oscar I., Mauledoux Mauricio F.

Archives of Control Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 32, No. 2

409--427

EN

This study analyses the performances of various path controlling strategies for a 3-degrees of freedom wrist exoskeleton, by comparing key indicators, such as rise time, steady-state error, and implementation difficulty. A model was built to describe both system’s kinematics and dynamics, as well as 3 different controllers (PID, PD+, and a hybrid force/position controller) that were designed to allow each joint to perform smooth motions within anatomic ranges. The corresponding simulation was run and assessed via Matlab (version 2020a). In addition to the performance comparison, remarkable characteristics could be identified among controllers. PD+ showed higher response speed than the other controllers (about 4 times), and PID was reinforced as the technique with the easiest implementation due to the smallest matrices. The study also allowed to greater potential of the hybrid controller to interact with its environment, i.e., the robotic device.

19

Investigation of thermal decomposition and gases release from pre-drying municipal solid waste (PMSW) via pyrolysis technology

Jamro Imtiaz Ali, Khoso Salim, Shah Syyed Adnan Raheel, Ali Sadaquat, Ali Fahmeed, Hassane Haseeb Ul

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2022

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Vol. 15, no. 4

119--131

EN

Present study investigates the thermal decomposition and syngas potential of pre-drying municipal solid waste (PMSW) via pyrolysis using thermo-gravimetric (TGA) analyzer coupled with the mass spectrometer (MS). The experiments were performed at the heating rates 5 and 15°C/min. Differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) curves exposed four conversion phases at lower heating rate and two conversion phases at higher heating rate. MS analysis of the evolved gases H2, CO, and CH4 revealed that the devolatilization phase played a major role during the processes. Higher H2 generation was observed at a lower heating rate due to more contact among PMSW and process temperature. Higher CO and CH4 were also favored at lower heating rate. Total yield of gases was found higher due to higher CO generation. For the estimation of activation energy (Ea), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) kinetic model was applied at the conversion rates (αα) ranged from 5-35. In overall, the lower heating rate supported the higher WMSW conversion as well as higher gas released during the process. Hence, this study will help to evaluate the H2 potential of the PMSW using pyrolysis thermal technology.

20

Analysis of teff market chain: evidence from South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

Negussie Mengistu, Woldeamanuel Teshale, Tefera Tewodros

Acta Innovations

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2022

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no. 43

15--35

EN

Dera is one of the potential districts in teff production. Nonetheless, there are some restraints and prospects in teff commercialization still unaccustomed. This study initiates to examine the teff market chain in the Dera district. It concentrates to synthesize the behavior, transparency, and effectiveness of teff market expending data from different sources. It involved teff producers, wholesalers, retailers, rural assemblers, cooperatives, urban assemblers and processors. The data investigation engaged expressive inferential statics & SCP model. Concerning marketing, the result indicates that producers supplied to the market via rural retailers, wholesalers and directly to consumers 57.7% of teff produced in 2017 cropping season. There are eleven marketing channels in transferring 2268 Quintals of teff from farmers to different intermediaries until reaching end buyers. The market structure of teff is weakly oligopolistic, implying that the market is not competitive. The producers' share of margin for the teff market accounts 68.96% associated with a 31.04% total gross margin. The marketing channel with more teff supplied can have a high or low marketing margin depending on the presence of value-adding market agents in the track. It implies that the channel with more teff supplied is not necessarily the channel in which the highest market margin. The marketing agents in the study area incur primary transaction costs like packing, loading and unloading, storage, transportation, communication and other personal costs. Therefore, improved bargaining power, access to accurate market information and infrastructural development are essential for a better performing teff market.