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1

Problematyka GOZ w polskim sektorze budowlanym

Obolewicz Jerzy, Baryłka Adam

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 1-2

61--64

PL

Filozofia GOZ (gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym) dotyczy spraw klimatu, środowiska naturalnego i zrównoważonego gospodarowania zasobami. Jest to szczególnie ważne w polskim sektorze budowlanym. W artykule dokonano analizy dostępnej literatury i aktów prawnych oraz skupiono się na definicjach związanych z tym zagadnieniem w celu przeprowadzenia transformacji w kierunku GOZ.

EN

The Circular Economy philosophy concerns climate, natural environment and sustainable management of resources. This is particularly important in the Polish construction sector. The article analyzes the available literature and legal acts and focuses on definitions related to this issue in order to carry out the transformation towards circular economy.

2

The Sustainable Development Paradigm

Ogryzek Marek

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 1

5--18

EN

The article discusses the evolution of the concept of sustainable development and briefly discusses its definition. The study, based on Polish and foreign literature sources, uses the method of literature analysis with elements of inductive reasoning. This is a review article, whose aim is to present both positive and critical approaches to the idea of the sustainable development of space.

3

Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZ) Using Geospatial Techniques and AHP Method: a Case Study of the Boudinar Basin, Rif Belt (Morocco)

Taher Morad, Mourabit Touafik, Etebaai Issam, Dekkaki Hinde Cherkaoui, Amarjouf Najat, Amine Afaf, Abdelhak Bourjila, Errahmouni Ali, Azzouzi Sadik

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 3

83--105

EN

The present study aims to delineate the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in the Boudinar Basin using geospatial techniques and through an analytical hierarchal process (AHP) method. For multi criteria decision analysis, fifteen thematic layers were integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) environment. In this analysis, each thematic layer is calculated for normalized weights. Furthermore, the consistency index and consistency ratio were calculated to ensure that the result was significant and reliable. The GWPZ map has been categorized into three classes: poor (50.82%), moderate (49.06%), and good (<1.00%). To compare the result, we used four other scenarios of the GWPZ. Two of them are the most similar to our result. Finally, predictive groundwater production and management strategies that ensure long-term sustainability are highly needed.

4

SSD-based carton packaging quality defect detection system for the logistics supply chain

Song Bing, Wang Yan, Lou Li-Ping

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 1

117--123

EN

With the deepening of green and sustainable development and the rapid development of the social economy, the modern logistics industry has also developed to an unprecedented level. In the logistics supply chain, due to the high value of the items inside the arrival carton, appearance inspection must be carried out before warehousing. However, manual inspection is slow and ineffective, resulting in the waste of manpower and packaging carton resources, which is not conducive to sustainable development. To address the above problems, this paper designs a logistics supply chain carton packaging quality defect detection system based on improved Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) in the context of green sustainable development. The Implicit Feature Pyramid Network (IFPN) is introduced into SSD to improve the feature extraction ability of the model; the multiscale attention mechanism is introduced to collect more feature information. The experiment shows that the mAP and FPS of the system on the self-built data set reach 0.9662 and 36 respectively, which can realise the detection of the appearance defects of logistics cartons and help promote green sustainable development.

5

Corporate environmental management in the context of digital transformation

Liu Wei, Wu Chia-Huei, Tsai Sang-Bing, Shao Xuefeng, Wacławek Maria

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

|

Vol. 30, nr 1

91--92

EN

Managers and the market place a higher importance on environmental management of businesses as sustainable development becomes the focus of attention. At the same time, the digital economy has become the most dynamic and emerging mode of economic development, driving future business trends and technological innovations. This special issue of Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S (ECE S) collects 6 articles focusing on the challenges and problems in the digital transformation and corporate environment management, which aims to share and discuss the recent advances and future trends of theory and application in academia, and to bring practical implications and experience in industry developers.

6

Comparison of the Classic and Hybrid Production Methods with the Use of SLM Taking into Account the Aspects of Sustainable Production Development

Terelak-Tymczyna Agnieszka, Bachtiak-Radka Emilia, Grzesiak Dariusz, Jardzioch Andrzej

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 1

94--107

EN

Problems on the world market, related to delays in supply chains, have forced enterprises to adopt a more flexible approach in the production processes of the offered products. In order to meet customer needs, companies can often look for alternative supply chains, as well as take over the production of key components necessary to maintain business continuity. Therefore, companies have to make important decisions in the context of management. A simulation model may be a tool helpful in making decisions related to production planning, which, based on the actual data collected from the process, allows for the verification of decisions before entering them into the real system. The motivation to conduct the research was the search for answers: How entrepreneurs, while maintaining profitability, can ensure the continuity of production processes by searching for alternative production methods. The article considers a comparison of two production processes for the production of a shield type product: classic production - on a lathe and hybrid production using the SLM method and machining only technologically significant surfaces on a lathe. The main goal of the research is to compare two production processes: classic and hybrid in terms of efficiency, energy efficiency and production costs. The research takes into account the use of different laser powers and the possibility of incremental production of several products at the same time. In order to achieve the assumed goal, a simulation model was used to carry out the research, which was developed on the basis of preliminary experimental studies. A series of simulations were performed, taking into account the variability criteria, and then the efficiency, energy efficiency and profitability of using alternative production methods were analysed.

7

Zrównoważony rozwój zabezpieczeniem przyszłości

Milanowska Agata

Zieleń Miejska

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2022

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Nr 1

43--45

PL

Miasta i obszary miejskie zajmują ponad 2% powierzchni Ziemi i odpowiadają za ok. 80% emitowanych gazów cieplarnianych. Zużywają przy tym prawie 75% zasobów przyrody. Badania przeprowadzone przez wiodące na świecie organy i instytucje zajmujące się ochroną środowiska wykazały, że Singapur jest jednym z najbardziej zrównoważonych ekologicznie krajów, a zrównoważony rozwój jest integralną częścią jego historii.

8

Trends of change in the development of sustainable cities and communities in Poland in comparison with European Union countries

Murawska Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

303--320

EN

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to present the diversity and trends of changes taking place in cities and communities in Poland and in other European Union countries with respect of implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Design/methodology/approach: The indicators included in Eurostat, which are collected to analyse the implementation of Objective 11: Sustainable cities and communities, have been used to assess the problem. 10 indicators and 27 European Union countries were analysed. The research period was 2010-2019 and the data was statistically analysed. Variations and distances between countries, trends in the changes taking place, ranking of countries, and relationships between the analysed indicators and the scale of their changes were calculated. Findings: EU Member States (27) are significantly differentiated in terms of household living conditions, environmental conditions, and safety at home. In Poland, dwellings are overcrowded but in relatively good condition. The Polish population is more often exposed to noise and air pollution, and they are at a higher risk of dying in a traffic accident, but they are less likely to report the occurrence of crime and vandalism. The results of the study confirmed important trends towards the development of sustainable cities and communities in Poland and in other EU countries. Research limitations/implications: The study resulted in a confirmation of the hypothesis that sustainable cities and communities have developed in EU countries in the last decade. There has been an improvement in the living conditions, safety, and environment of the population, especially in those countries where 10 years ago the variables describing sustainable cities and communities were the lowest. One of the countries where sustainable development was a priority was Poland, where the dynamics of improvement of almost every indicator was higher than the EU average. Practical implications: The conclusions may be useful for managers of economic entities for making more effective decisions regarding allocation of financial resources and making investments in social and technical infrastructure or safety regarding sustainable development of cities and communities. Social implications: The paper provides useful information for city and community managers and citizens of EU countries and cities about living conditions, quality of life, and safety of inhabitants. Originality/value: The article presents the latest information regarding the conditions of cities and communities in EU countries and compares that data with indicators from previous years. The value of the article lies in identifying and recognising the significance of differences between EU countries and in verifying whether any positive changes towards sustainable development of cities and communities are occurring.

9

The role of the engineering profession in developing and implementing sustainable development principles

Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 155

595--608

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to analyze the role of the engineer in the process of implementing sustainable development principles in the industrial enterprise. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: The analyses presented in the publication have drawn attention to the issue of the engineer's role in the implementation of the principles of sustainable development by an industrial enterprise. Particularly now, during the implementation of Industry 4.0, engineers should pay attention to the implementation of sustainable development principles in industry. These issues are also important as a result of the energy transition implemented in EU countries, which requires organizations to reduce their energy intensity, thus promoting sustainable development. The implementation of Smart City technologies also means that sustainability issues must be taken into account in engineering city planning. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related to the role of engineers in the sustainable development principles implementation.

10

The entrepreneurial determinants of sustainable development of enterprises in emerging EU economies

Misztal Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 155

375--391

EN

Purpose: This paper aims to assess the impact of entrepreneurial determinants on the sustainable development of enterprises in emerging EU economies from 2008 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is empirical, and it consists of conceptual background, research methodology, research results, discussions, and conclusions. The survey covers the enterprise sector in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, Romania, and Hungary (emerging and developing economies in the EU). I used the correlations coefficients and the Ordinary Least Square Method to verify the strength and direction of influence of entrepreneurial determinants on the sustainable development of enterprises. Findings: In the analyzed countries, there is a diversified influence of individual entrepreneurial determinants on the sustainable development of enterprises, both in terms of direction and strength of influence. Research limitations/implications: The paper has serious limitations in selecting and integrating indicators for the research. Further research requires considering a larger group of determinants, not only strictly entrepreneurial factors. Practical implications: The analysis results indicate that entrepreneurial factors influence the sustainable development of the enterprise sector; therefore, the authorities should coordinate activities and initiatives related to sustainable development and entrepreneurship. Creating financial and non-financial incentives is necessary to run a sustainable business. Social implications: Sustainable development is crucial for the conditions and quality of life. Separating entrepreneurial factors and creating effective institutional support for business initiatives is crucial for sustainable development. Originality/value: A novelty in the paper is an attempt to isolate entrepreneurial determinants of the sustainable development of enterprises. The article is intended for a wide audience, theoreticians and practitioners interested in sustainable development.

11

Survey of society expectations towards sustainable 4P in the new public management perspective

Trojanowski Tomasz, Kazibudzki Paweł Tadeusz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

589--608

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the important problem of taking into account the expectations of buyers of products to the activities of manufacturing companies in the area of marketing mix to a more sustainable, as a way of modern social management. Design/methodology/approach: The article has a theoretical and empirical character. The theoretical part of the study was prepared on the basis of a review of the literature concerning the subject, while the research part of the work is the result of own survey conducted among the inhabitants of the Silesian province. The research was based on the survey method with the use of distributed questionnaires, also commonly known as street surveys. The tool used to obtain data was a survey questionnaire containing a structured set of open and closed questions. Findings: In the course of the research study it was determined that there should be a modification of the marketing mix elements in terms of environmental and social, by means of which production, trade and service enterprises directly affect consumers. Customers' decision to purchase a product is increasingly dependent on the company's active involvement in pro-environmental and pro-social activities. Research limitations/implications: The research results obtained are not representative in the statistical sense, although they are an interesting approach to the problem and undoubtedly have a cognitive character in the area in question. Practical implications: Business activities of enterprises should focus not only on achieving financial goals or expanding market shares, but should also take into account environmental and social objectives. Middle and high-level managers are expected to change the way of managing the organization into a more pro-environmental and pro-social one, which in turn will contribute to changing the perception of the enterprise itself among consumers, as a sustainable organization. Social implications: Considerations contained in the article indicate the need to change the behavior and attitudes of buyers to a more responsible in terms of environmental protection and other market participants. The article draws attention to the need to make conscious purchase choices, which in turn should contribute to improving the condition of the environment and the life’s quality of societies. Originality/value: As a result of the conducted research study, a theoretical-cognitive gap was identified. It was also found that there is a scarcity of qualitative and quantitative research in the area of the undertaken topic. Therefore, there is a need for further examinations, which should be characterized by intensity and depth in both theoretical and empirical layers. The article is addressed to managers of manufacturing companies, as well as service companies who want to conduct business in accordance with the concept of sustainable development.

12

Stakeholder identification as a determinant of sustainable project management

Dziadkiewicz Anna, Sokołowska Ewelina, Jerzemowska Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

141--155

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present part of a report on stakeholder analysis (indicating the importance of stakeholder identification and prioritisation) in projects implemented by sustainability-oriented teams. Design/methodology/approach: The results were obtained based on a focus group interview with forty-eight participants - representtatives of different organisations, experienced in project management and possessing expertise on the tourism industry in Pomerania. The study was carried out in Gdańsk, from May to September 2021. Findings: The results of the study showed that an effective policy regarding sustainable development measures should be based on intensive stakeholder outreach. The determinant of this effectiveness is to entail proper and comprehensive stakeholder identification, which can play a key role in the success of any investment. Research limitations/implications: The purpose of the marketing research on stakeholder identification and mapping is to provide insights on the public opinion in this regard. In the course of the study, some limitations were recognised. Firstly, the sampling techniques involving audience generation and data filtering, such as data collection from only those persons who had participated in a focus survey, certainly resulted in a bias in the type of the data collected. Secondly, the study, due to the outbreak of the pandemic, was limited to 2021 only, and despite the implementation of selected projects in five countries in the South Baltic region, it was conducted in Poland exclusively, due to limited travel possibilities. Practical implications: The research was commissioned by a real project team and concerned the operating environment of the tourism enterprises in the Pomerania region. The survey results were applied in practice and served as a project implementation indicator. Social implications: The research topic of stakeholder identification as a component of sustainable development policy undoubtedly has impact on the society. This is because it leads to the promotion of an approach that takes the balance between the actions undertaken for the environment and the local community as well as corporate profit generation into account. Originality/value: It is the first study of this kind (on the Polish market at the least), examining the sustainable development approach in international projects, in the context of stakeholder outreach.

13

Socially responsible innovations and sustainable development of retail chains in Poland

Reformat Beata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 158

501--511

EN

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to identify the specificity of socially responsible innovations in retail against the background of sustainable development, and to identify examples of socially responsible innovations implemented by selected retail chains in Poland. In the Author's opinion, they are crucial for the development of a responsible society, but also for a sustainable economy. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology applied in the article refers to the methodological canon of management sciences, including, among others, conceptual-theoretical and empirical research methodology. On their basis a critical analysis of foreign and Polish literature in the field of management science, theory of development and functioning of the retail trade has been carried out. The analyzed cases of retail chains were considered representative due to their strong market position and large contribution to the development of the FMCG market (the so-called "best business practices") - for this purpose, the qualitative research methodology was applied, including a case study. Findings: The analysis conducted in this paper indicates that large retail chains are creating socially responsible innovations, thus having a significant impact on the spread of socially responsible practices. These activities are mainly based on shaping the environmental awareness of employees and customers, increasing the safety and quality of products, reducing carbon dioxide emissions, effective waste management, rational use of natural resources, reducing staff turnover and improving their working conditions. Originality/value: The article presents how the literature on management science describes and explains the essence, specificity, and types of socially responsible innovations against the background of the sustainable development concept. On this solid factual basis, socially responsible innovations implemented by selected retail chains in Poland were identified. This allowed to verify theoretical assumptions related to the development of socially responsible innovations with the actual state of affairs, reflected in the analyzed practices of retail chains.

14

Problems of sustainable economies during the pandemic

Chojnacka Katarzyna J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

117--125

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: does the pandemic affect the ability to achieve the sustainable development goals? Design/methodology/approach: The article analyzes selected, available literature on sustainable development, from the genesis of the phenomenon to the current situation. It invoked, among other things, the idea of the European Green Deal. The most current issues related to the pandemic reality were addressed. The themes and changes highlighted are based on data from available reports and statistical analyses. Findings: By the time the pandemic broke out, the sustainability goals had been achieved gradually. But the pandemic has forced policymakers to think long-term. The conditions for transition to the green economy, i.e. the green transition, have also become crucial. In many countries, including Poland, the need for better achievement of social goals in addition to economic or environmental ones has become apparent. Further work is needed to achieve the sustainable development goals. Research limitations/implications: The text refers to a limited number of studies. The problems presented in the paper still need to be empirically confirmed in relation to a greater number of examples, which should result in the publication of subsequent studies. It will also be necessary to fully diagnose the post-pandemic situation and retrace the threads taken up. Originality/value: The article points to already visible changes, being the result of the continuing pandemic, from the perspective of sustainable development goals.

15

Poznań primary housing market: changes and sustainable development

Strączkowski Łukasz, Bartkowiak Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

471--483

EN

Introduction/background: Pursuing sustainable urban and community development should be a key objective for local governments. The needs of the current generation should be accommodated in a way that respects the environment and accounts for the needs of the generations yet to come. It also calls for the need to plan for and maintain a sustainable market for residential properties - a specific real estate market segment that is characterised by its localness and uniqueness and which serves to accommodate the needs of households, both the fundamental ones (those relating to physiology, safety and belonging) and those at a higher level (such as recognition and self-fulfilment). Aim of the paper: This study is meant as a contribution to further research and its purpose is to present certain developments in the local primary housing market over 2016-2020 and identify potential problems that could have an adverse impact on a sustainable development of both the city concerned and its population. Materials and methods: Our discussion here is based on real estate market data, including those found in publications from Statistics Poland (GUS) and the National Bank of Poland (NBP), and on research conducted by the Poznań University of Economics and Business, Department of Investment and Real Estate. Results and conclusions: Our research shows that the local primary market for residential real estate in Poznań is on a dynamic growth path, driving up supply, demand and, consequently, prices. While this is welcome news for many market stakeholders, it also gives rise to legitimate concern about the proper and sustainable development of local communities going forward.

16

Perception of sustainable sport sponsorship in terms of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic

Olejniczak-Szuster Katarzyna, Łukasik Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

363--385

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to identify the factors that determine the perception of sport sponsorship in terms of sustainability development and CSR activities in the era of Covid-19. Design/methodology/approach: The goal was achieved by literature review and presentation of the results of relevant pilot research. The research sample (random) consisted of questionnaires returned by 203 respondents via the Internet. In the empirical analysis workshops, binomial models in the form of logit models were used, due to which the estimation of 8 logit models (4 full and 4 reduced) was carried out, while considering their determinants in 5 categories. Findings: The results show that despite the Covid-19 pandemic, participants in sports events pay attention to the sponsor's activities in terms of sustainable development and CSR. This is evidenced by various perceptions of his activity. These results confirm that combining sponsorship with sustainable development and CSR help to create a positive image of the company, especially in the times of crisis. Research limitations/implications: In the period of many restrictions related to the Covid-19 pandemic, sports sponsors have limited opportunities to display their brand, thus creating their image. Additionally, the lack of sports gatherings limited the interactions occurring on the plane of the sports event – sponsor-beneficiaries of the event. Covid-19, in a way, forced brands to act in a sustainable manner and CSR. The commercialization of sport introduced sustainable development and CSR as means to achieve organizational goals and the Covid-19 pandemic has become a period of adjusting activities in the area of sustainable development and CSR to new conditions and social expectations. The obtained test results confirm this. Social implications: The coronavirus pandemic and government-imposed social distancing measures have had a strong impact on the sports sponsorship rights market, thereby impacting sustainability and CSR activities. Therefore, the article answered the question whether the Covid-19 era is a place to combine sports sponsorship with sustainable development and CSR? Originality/value: The discussed issue is in line with the current concept of sustainable development and CSR. Sustainable sports sponsorship allows you to build a positive image of the company and maintain a long-term competitive advantage, even in such difficult times related to the Covid-19 pandemic. The article is intended for both managers and researchers dealing with the subject of sustainable development and CSR.

17

Eco-innovations as an opportunity for sustainable development of enterprises based on the example of Małopolskie Province

Zuzek Dagmara K., Odlanicka-Poczobutt Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

575--584

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the author’s research was the evaluation of activities related to eco-innovations of micro- and small-sized enterprises (MSSEs) in the Małopolskie Province. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the results of the author’s own surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021 based on a total sample of 524 micro- and small-sized entrepreneurs who declared their interest in taking part in the survey. The entrepreneurs answered questions regarding their companies’ current operations, sources of financing and also assessed their activities in the context of eco-innovative solutions or partnerships with R&B institutions. Findings: The paper presents the role of innovations in the process of sustainable development accounting for environmental aspects as implemented by entrepreneurs as part of investments. Originality/value: research shows how important innovation is in the SME sector.

18

Odejście od gazu SF6 w urządzeniach elektroenergetycznych jako odpowiedź na pakiet „Fit for 55” i wdrożenie idei zrównoważonego rozwoju

Schwann Mirosław

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2022

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R. 90, nr 9

15--18

PL

Unia Europejska w ubiegłym roku ogłosiła pakiet „Fit for 55”, który jest zestawem nowych przepisów klimatycznych. Do 2030 r. przewidziano redukcję emisji gazów cieplarnianych o 55%. Równolegle państwa oraz poszczególne firmy rozpoczęły wdrażanie nowej doktryny ekonomii nazwanej „zrównoważonym rozwojem”, która przewiduje utrzymanie jakości życia na poziomie, na jaki pozwala obecny rozwój cywilizacyjny, a równocześnie zakłada zaspokajanie potrzeb obecnego pokolenia bez umniejszania szans przyszłych pokoleń na ich zaspokojenie. Pakiet „Fit for 55” i idea zrównoważonego rozwoju dotyczą wszystkich dziedzin życia także elektroenergetyki. W ostatnich dziesięciu latach trwały prace nad nowelizacją prawa Unii Europejskiej zmierzającego do wyeliminowania heksafluorku siarki (SF6), najbardziej szkodliwego gazu cieplarnianego, z elektroenergetyki, przy założeniu pewnych okresów przejściowych. W projekcie rozporządzenia ustalono terminy zakazu wprowadzania na rynek nowych rozdzielnic o izolacji SF6. Zakaz ma zacząć obowiązywać w latach 2026-2031, w zależności od poziomu napięcia maksymalnego lub prądu zwarciowego rozdzielnicy. Producenci urządzeń elektroenergetycznych przygotowali się na wprowadzenie tej regulacji prawnej. Na rynku jest wiele rozwiązań bez gazu SF6, wpisujących się w pakiet „Fit for 55” oraz ideę zrównoważonego rozwoju. W artykule ogólnie omówiono pakiet „Fit for 55” i ideę zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz projekt nowego rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie niektórych fluorowanych gazów cieplarnianych w zakresie dotyczącym urządzeń elektroenergetycznych średniego napięcia. Przedstawiono również dostępne rozwiązania na rynku polskim o izolacji SF6 free.

EN

Last year the European Union announced the "Fit for 55" package, which is a set of new climate regulations. By 2030, greenhouse gas emissions projection is to be reduced by 55%. At the same time, countries and individual companies began implementing a new doctrine of economy called "sustainable development", which provides for maintaining the quality of life at the level allowed by the current civilization development, and at the same time assumes meeting the needs of the present generation without diminishing the chances of future generations to meet them. The "Fit for 55" package and the idea of sustainable development apply to all areas of life, including the power industry. In the last ten years, work was carried out on the amendment of the European Union law aimed at eliminating sulphur he- xafluoride (SF6), the most harmful greenhouse gas, from the power industry, assuming certain transition periods. The draft regulation specifies the deadlines for the prohibition of placing new SF6-insulated switchgear on the market. The ban is to apply in the years 2026-2031, depending on maximum voltage or the short-circuit current of the switchgear. Manufacturers of electric power equipment prepared for the introduction of this legal regulation. There are many solutions on the market without SF6 gas, in line with the "Fit for 55" package and the idea of sustainable development. The article generally discusses the "Fit for 55" package and the idea of sustainable development as well as the draft of a new regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases as regards medium voltage power equipment. The solutions available on the Polish market with SF6 free insulation are also presented.

19

Ocena skuteczności polskich polityk mobilności miejskiej

Wolański Michał

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2022

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nr 8

23--27

PL

Od 2013 roku dokumenty strategiczne polskiego rządu stawiają sobie na cel około 30% zwiększenie liczby pasażerów transportu publicznego w przeciągu dekady, jako wymierny cel polityki zrównoważonej mobilności, jednak w praktyce wskaźnik ten ulega jedynie niewielkim zmianom, raczej z tendencją spadkową. W artykule przestawione są warunki osiągnięcia takiego wzrostu. Na postawie analiz zmienności liczby pasażerów w polskich miastach w latach 2009-2017, autor wskazuje, że wymaga to około 30-40% rozbudowy oferty przewozowej i zwiększenia nakładów eksploatacyjnych w skali kraju o 1-1,2 mld zł rocznie. Niestety, obecnie główny nacisk kładzie się na elektryfikację transportu publicznego, która w niektórych przypadkach jest uzasadniona, jednak wówczas posiada potencjał do samofinansowania. Trudno ją również uznać za narzędzie do zwiększania liczby pasażerów.

EN

Since 2013, the strategic documents of the Polish government have set a target of approx. 30% increase in the number of public transport passengers within a decade as a measurable goal of the sustainable mobility policy, but in practice this indicator changes only slightly, with a rather downward trend. The article presents the conditions for achieving the targeted increase. On the basis of analyzes of the variability of the number of passengers in Polish cities in 2009–2017, the author indicates that approx. 30–40% increase of the public transport supply is required and this requires an increase in operating expenses nationwide by PLN 1-1.2 billion annually. Unfortunately, the main emphasis is now on the electrification of public transport, which in some cases is justified, but then has the potential for self-financing. It is also not the key to increasing the number of passengers.

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Sustainable land-use planning: between investment and ecological value of suburban areas

Pieczara Marta

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie

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2022

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T. 50

163--188

EN

This study assessed the effectiveness of suburban planning in the field of sustainable land-use management. Poznań County was selected as the research area. The scope of the research concerns the changes in land-use purpose and their impact on the landscape and ecological values. The methods used included quantitative research, analysis, and a case study. The conclusions indicated systemic errors in the development of suburban areas, including discrepancies between the development strategies of larger areas (e.g., metropolitan areas) and local studies of spatial development directions. The proposed solutions included the legal empowerment of larger development strategies and promoting the valuation of ecosystem services as a balance for economic analyses.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ocena skuteczności planowania w zakresie zrównoważonej gospodarki gruntami. Obszarem badań jest powiat poznański. Zakres merytoryczny dotyczy zmian struktury użytkowania gruntów i ich wpływu na walory przyrodniczo-krajobrazowe. Zastosowane metody obejmują badania ilościowe, analizę oraz studia przypadku. Wyciągnięte wnioski wskazują na systemowe błędy w zakresie zagospodarowania terenów podmiejskich, w tym na rozbieżności między strategiami rozwoju większych obszarów (np. metropolitalnych) a gminnymi studiami kierunków rozwoju przestrzennego. Propozycje rozwiązań obejmują umocowanie prawne strategii rozwoju o większym zasięgu oraz wdrożenie w planowaniu przestrzennym wycen usług ekosystemowych w równowadze do analiz ekonomicznych.