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1

Przemysł chemiczny na świecie, w Europie i w Polsce

Lubkowski Krzysztof

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 4

462--471

PL

Uwzględniając rozwój i aktualną sytuację gospodarki światowej, przedstawiono dane dotyczące produkcji i sprzedaży chemikaliów na przestrzeni ostatnich 25 lat. Omówiono różnice w wielkościach produkcji chemikaliów między poszczególnymi regionami świata oraz państwami, zwracając uwagę na wzrost dynamiki sprzedaży w obszarze azjatyckim i spadek dynamiki sprzedaży w obszarze europejskim i amerykańskim. Przedstawiono aktualną sytuację przemysłu chemicznego w Polsce i jego udział w gospodarce krajowej.

EN

A review, with 38 refs., of chem. prodn. and market data over the last 25 years. Differences between individual regions of the world and countries were discussed, paying attention to the increase in sale dynamics in the Asian area and the decrease in sale dynamics in the European and American areas. The current situation of the chem. industry in Poland and its share in the national economy were also presented.

2

Zmiany w transporcie na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju miejscowości

Kaźmierczak Dobromir

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2025

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T. 29, nr 1

59--66

PL

Integracja transportu publicznego i przestrzeni pieszej stanowi kluczowy element zrównoważonego rozwoju miast. Dobrze rozwinięta infrastruktura piesza, obejmująca chodniki, deptaki i zielone przestrzenie, zwiększa poziom aktywności mieszkańców oraz poprawia ich zdrowie i komfort życia. Odpowiednie planowanie przestrzeni miejskiej pozwala na redukcję ruchu samochodowego i promowanie bardziej ekologicznych form mobilności, takich jak rowery czy hulajnogi elektryczne. Niedostateczna jakość infrastruktury pieszej prowadzi natomiast do wyższych wskaźników wypadków pieszych oraz zmniejszenia efektywności przestrzeni miejskiej. W pracy położono nacisk na wdrażanie inteligentnych technologii, takich jak systemy informacyjne dla podróżnych (ITS), ponieważ pozwalają na optymalizację transportu miejskiego, poprawę bezpieczeństwa pieszych oraz zwiększenie dostępności komunikacji. Na przykładach różnych miast zaprezentowano działania na rzecz integracji transportu publicznego i przestrzeni pieszej.

EN

The integration of public transport and pedestrian spaces is a key element of sustainable urban development. A well-developed pedestrian infrastructure, including sidewalks, promenades, and green spaces, increases residents' activity levels and improves their health and quality of life. Proper urban planning allows for the reduction of car traffic and promotes more ecological modes of mobility, such as bicycles and electric scooters. Conversely, poor pedestrian infrastructure leads to higher pedestrian accident rates and reduced urban space efficiency. This study emphasizes the implementation of smart technologies, such as Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), which optimize urban transport, enhance pedestrian safety, and increase accessibility. Examples from various cities illustrate efforts to integrate public transport and pedestrian spaces.

3

Transformacja wodorowa, ale jaka? - część druga

Godzon Robert

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2025

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Nr 1

24-27

PL

W artykule poruszono tematy związane z transformacją wodorową, w kontekście sprawność energetycznej, jak i kontekście logistycznej technologii wodorowych. Większości społeczeństwa uważa, że technologia jest warunkowana przez wytwarzanie wodoru. W artykule po ruszono ważniejszy problem w technologii wodorowej, a więc sprawność procesu w odniesieniu do magazynowania wodoru i dystrybucji.

EN

The article discusses topics related to hydrogen transformation in the context of energy efficiency and the context of hydrogen logistics. Most people have the impression that technology is conditioned by hydrogen production. This article aims to address a much more important issue in hydrogen technology, namely the efficiency of the process in relation to hydrogen storage and distribution.

4

Assessing the resilience of the Baltic air transport sector in the context of economic crises

Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė Laima, Sakorskaitė-Narkun Eglė, Stasiukynas Andrius

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2025

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Vol. 17, no. 1

26--38

EN

The significance of this study lies in assessing the resilience of the air transport sector to economic crises, which is crucial in today’s context where sustainable environmental development has become a new reality, and the development of aviation services is insufficient for achieving stable and resilient economic growth in the sector. The air transport sector significantly contributes to regional economic growth and the development of various other business sectors. This article evaluates the resilience of the air transport sector in the Baltic countries in the context of economic crises. The novelty of the research stems from the air transport sector undergoing entirely new and unexplored processes, significantly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and previous crises, such as the September 11 attacks and the Great Financial Crisis. There is a lack of a comprehensive evaluation model to assess the resilience of the air transport sector under economic instability. The article aims to assess the resilience of the air transport sector in the Baltic countries in the context of economic crises. The article describes external factors influencing the economic growth of the air transport sector. It examines the perspectives of different authors and institutions on the development of the air transport sector. The study analyses national and international documents, development plans, and investments related to enhancing the resilience of the air transport sector to economic crises. To assess the resilience of the air transport sector in the Baltic countries in the context of economic crises, an empirical study was conducted using the following methods: Pearson correlation coefficient method to evaluate the relationship between Revenue Passenger Kilometers (RPK) and Available Seat Kilometers (ASK) indicators of the sole national airline in the Baltic States, “Air Baltic”, which belongs to Latvia, crucial for ensuring comprehensive stability; a multi-criteria evaluation using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods to assess the current state and recovery level of the Baltic air transport sector after the COVID-19 pandemic; and an exponential smoothing method to forecast the growth of the Baltic air transport sector from 2024 to 2027, providing a realistic scenario.

5

Effects of train service operation quality on customer satisfaction in case of Dire Dawa station

Dibiku Mulugeta Girma

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 125

33--50

EN

This study evaluates the operational performance and customer satisfaction of the Ethio-Djibouti Standard Gauge Railway (EDR) through insights from 160 employee surveys, revealing strengths in technical quality and adherence to health, safety, and environmental standards, yet highlighting critical challenges such as suboptimal equipment utilization and customer service responsiveness that affect user satisfaction. Key performance indicators from regression analysis show that technical quality (Beta = 0.331), health and safety standards (Beta = 0.344), and asset management practices (Beta = 0.336) are strong predictors of customer satisfaction, with information technology (Beta = 0.241) also playing a crucial role in enhancing operational efficiency. To address these issues, the study recommends implementing advanced maintenance techniques, improving staff training for customer interaction, and upgrading technological infrastructure, while optimizing asset management practices to improve resource allocation. Overall, focusing on these areas is vital for EDR to enhance operational efficiency and customer satisfaction, thereby securing its competitive position in the transportation sector.

6

Analysis of companies’ approach to sustainable products development: quality, environment, society, cost

Siwiec Dominika, Pacana Andrzej

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2024

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Vol. 6, iss. 1

79--88

EN

Sustainable product development is becoming essential to meet market, but also climate challenges. However, this is problematic mainly because of the need to make many complex decisions at the early stages of product development. Due to limited research in this area, the aim was to analyse the approach of companies to sustainable development when designing new products and improving products already on the market. This approach was considered according to the key aspects of sustainable product development, i.e.: quality (customer satisfaction with use), environment (impact in the life cycle), society (changes in the social environment) and cost. Pilot studies were conducted among manufacturing companies. These were surveys with a Likert scale, in which the following were verified: i) the frequency of actions taken regarding verified aspects, and ii) the degree to which these aspects were taken into account during product development. It was shown, for example, that the most frequently undertaken actions are those related to product costs, then quality, and slightly less often, environment and society. A similar phenomenon was observed in the case of the degree to which these aspects were taken into account in product development activities, which was additionally confirmed by the results of statistical analysis according to the sign test in the STATISTICA program. The results of the pilot studies confirmed the validity of conducting in-depth fundamental studies to determine clear rules and relationships that condition the consideration of key aspects within the framework of sustainable product development.

7

The state’s national power and its assessment method on the example of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Memmedzade Vugar, Hasanov Jalil, Imamverdiyev Eljan, Rustamov Asad, Sabziev Elkhan

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2024

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R. 14, Nr 34

91--108

EN

This study aims to analyze the national power of the state and its structural components including population, territory, economy, military power, scientific and technical progress, political will, and geopolitical factors. The research problem of the study was focused on estimating the state’s national power. The hypothesis of the study assumes that government policies should be based on real national power in order for policymakers to adopt rational policies. Research methods used in the study include comparative analysis, analysis and synthesis, and statistical data analysis. Additionally, the structural components of national power are reformulated into a new formula by reviewing the calculation rules. Furthermore, a mechanism for measuring the national power of the Republic of Azerbaijan is proposed using a fuzzy numerical scale based on expert opinion.

PL

Celem pracy jest analiza potęgi państwa i jej strukturalnych komponentów, w tym populacji, terytorium, gospodarki, potęgi militarnej, postępu naukowego i technicznego, woli politycznej i czynników geopolitycznych. Problem badawczy badania koncentrował się na oszacowaniu potęgi państwa. Hipoteza badania zakłada, żepolityka rządu powinna opierać się na rzeczywistej potędze państwa, aby decydenci mogli przyjmować racjonalne polityki. Metody badawcze wykorzystane w badaniu obejmują analizę porównawczą, analizę i syntezę oraz analizę danych statystycznych. Ponadto strukturalne komponenty potęgi państwa zostały przeformułowane w nowy wzór poprzez przegląd reguł obliczeniowych. Zaproponowano również mechanizm pomiaru potęgi państwa Republiki Azerbejdżanu przy użyciu rozmytej skali numerycznej opartej na opiniach ekspertów

8

Wojna domowa w Tadżykistanie i jej konsekwencje dla państwa

Isaeva Mahinbonu

Security Review

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2024

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nr 3 (26)

14--20

EN

The aim of this article is to outline the process of political change in Tajikistan between 1992 and 1997. The article mentions that the period of independence was a time of radical transformation in Tajikistan's life. It identifies the reasons of the civil war and how it was managed to make peace. Also it reveals what its impact on the society, country and economy.

9

Study on Sustainable Development Model of Community Renewal based on the Green Development Model

Zhao Minting, Ge Teng, Chen Dan

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

146--151

EN

The community is an important part of the city. With the city's development, it is faced with the problem of renewal and reconstruction of the old community. It is necessary to explore the sustainable development of the community. In this paper, evaluation and analysis of the coordinated development of the ecological environment and economy of the community are studied. The indicators were selected appropriately to reflect the SE and EE development status comprehensively. The results show that Nanjing, Wuhan and Xi'an take the top spot in terms of CCD, meaning it has the most harmonious relationship between the social-economic subsystem and eco-environment subsystem; Xi'an has the highest SE value, while Lianyungang has the lowest evaluation result. Nanjing has the highest EE value, indicating it has the best eco-environment development, while Suqian has the worst. This study provides a scientific basis and effective measures for sustainable development in China.

10

Evaluation and Deconstruction of the Impact of Digital Finance on the Synergy of Enterprise Economic Development and Ecological Environment

Zhang Shining

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2024

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Vol. 19, no. 1

115--121

EN

The impact of digital finance on enterprise economic development and ecological environment has been widely debated and researched. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and deconstruct the relationship between digital finance and the synergy of enterprise economic development and ecological environment. The paper examines the benefits and drawbacks of digital finance and its influence on the economy, as well as its impact on the ecological environment. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, the study investigates the mechanisms through which digital finance affects the synergy of enterprise economic development and ecological environment, and evaluates the effectiveness of current measures and policies to address these impacts. The results of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners on how to achieve a balance between digital finance and sustainable development. By deconstructing the relationship between digital finance and the synergy of enterprise economic development and ecological environment, this paper aims to contribute to the development of sustainable finance models and to foster a deeper understanding of the role of digital finance in shaping a sustainable future.

PL

Wpływ finansów cyfrowych na rozwój gospodarczy przedsiębiorstw i środowisko przyrodnicze jest szeroko dyskutowany i badany. Celem artykułu jest ocena i dekonstrukcja zależności pomiędzy finansami cyfrowymi a synergią rozwoju gospodarczego przedsiębiorstw i środowiska przyrodniczego. W artykule zbadano zalety i wady finansów cyfrowych oraz ich wpływ na gospodarkę, a także wpływ na środowisko ekologiczne. Poprzez kompleksowy przegląd literatury i analizę empiryczną w badaniu zbadano mechanizmy, za pośrednictwem których finanse cyfrowe wpływają na synergię rozwoju gospodarczego przedsiębiorstw i środowiska przyrodniczego, a także oceniono skuteczność obecnych środków i polityk mających na celu zaradzenie tym wpływom. Wyniki badania dostarczają decydentom, badaczom i praktykom cennych informacji na temat sposobów osiągnięcia równowagi między finansami cyfrowymi a zrównoważonym rozwojem. Dekonstruując związek pomiędzy finansami cyfrowymi a synergią rozwoju gospodarczego przedsiębiorstw i środowiska przyrodniczego, niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przyczynienie się do rozwoju modeli zrównoważonych finansów i głębsze zrozumienie roli finansów cyfrowych w kształtowaniu zrównoważonej przyszłości.

11

Sustainable production strategies in agricultural transport: Balancing economic efficiency and environmental impact

Niewiadomski Przemysław, Merkisz-Guranowska Agnieszka

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2024

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Vol. 9, No. 1

30--39

EN

Purpose. This paper aims to present a sustainable production strategy for manufacturing parts and components for agricultural transport means, focusing on minimising production costs and post-production waste generation. Methodology. The research employs a case study approach, using participant observation and analysis of a manufacturing company's specific production process for an agricultural trailer floor panel. The authors propose a model for optimising raw material selection and utilising post-production waste to achieve economic and environmental savings. Results. The results demonstrate that by selecting the appropriate raw material dimensions and implementing a product diversification strategy to utilise post-production waste, the manufacturer can reduce material costs and environmental losses while generating additional revenue streams. Theoretical contribution. The study contributes to sustainable production management by proposing a practical strategy model that balances economic efficiency and environmental concerns in manufacturing agricultural transport components. The model emphasises the importance of raw material selection, waste minimisation, and product diversification to achieve sustainability goals. Practical implications. The findings provide valuable insights for manufacturers in the agricultural transport sector, highlighting the potential benefits of adopting sustainable production strategies. The proposed model can be implemented in practice to optimise resource utilisation, reduce waste generation, and improve overall economic and environmental performance.

12

Functioning of minimum wage in the economy and TSL branch

Tomczyk Mariusz, Wojtaszek Henryk, Kościelecki Tomasz

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2024

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nr 4

50--60

EN

The article is an attempt to show the importance of the minimum wage in the economy and TSL branch. In this article authors made an effort to describe the trends in the minimum wage in the European Union and selected countries around the world. The article contains research results covering the development of the minimum wage in relation to the Gross Domestic Product of the Republic of Poland. The analyses carried out in the study indicate that although the minimum wage is much lower in Poland than in the countries of the so-called old Union, it is relatively high compared to the new EU member states. This situation is the result of a strong increase in the minimum wage in Poland in the recent period.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą ukazania znaczenia płacy minimalnej w gospodarce i branży TSL. W artykule autorzy podjęli próbę opisania trendów w zakresie płacy minimalnej w Unii Europejskiej i wybranych krajach świata. Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań obejmujące kształtowanie się płacy minimalnej w relacji do produktu krajowego brutto Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Analizy przeprowadzone w badaniu wskazują, że chociaż płaca minimalna jest w Polsce znacznie niższa niż w krajach tzw. starej Unii, to jednak jest relatywnie wysoka w porównaniu z nowymi państwami członkowskimi UE. Sytuacja ta jest wynikiem silnego wzrostu płacy minimalnej w Polsce w ostatnim okresie.

13

Remuneration of drivers in road freight transport in the EU

Poliak Miloš, Čulík Kristián, Švábová Lucia, Nica Elvira

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2024

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Vol. 106, nr 4

48--64

EN

Remuneration of road transport drivers has been a hot topic since the EU's enlargement in 2004 when the new Member States strongly influenced the international road freight transport in Western Europe. The market opening to carriers from the new Member States has raised concerns that national carriers will lose their position in the original markets. Truck drivers from Eastern Europe have proven to be much less expensive in terms of wages and social protection. Therefore, Western European countries have started to make efforts to protect their carriers by restricting cabotage transport. Moreover, since 2015, Germany, France and other countries have begun to apply national law to drivers of international road transport. In Germany and France, some laws determine the minimum hourly gross wage. Therefore, this paper focuses on analysing hourly wages in road freight transport in Western Europe (Austria, Germany, Belgium, France) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary). The analysis is carried out based on real data on 126,600 transport companies from 2014 to 2018. International road freight transport has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the analysis focuses on the period before 2019. In the study, numerical characteristics of the average wage development time series are used, such as the chronological average and the average growth rate. The method of analysis of variance is applied to compare the countries. The study results show that there have been such significant differences in road transport in recent years that Eastern carriers cannot meet Western countries' set conditions. In addition, the wage growth over time is approximately the same, suggesting that Western member countries cannot correspond to the average wages of Eastern countries neither now nor in the near future. The research results are useful in creating fair conditions for the EU single market in road freight transport.

14

Improving the efficiency of the Honda V6 engine cylinder deactivation system

Hnyp Mariia, Melnyk Vasyl, Baidauletova Madina, Bembenek Michał

Archives of Engineering Knowledge

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2024

|

T. 10, Nr 1

72--78

EN

In modern conditions of operation of cars, especially in megacities, a significant proportion of modes are low loads and idling. Operation in such modes is accompanied by increased specific fuel and lubricant consumption, increased specific emissions of toxic components of exhaust gases, etc. There are a number of methods and means of increasing the efficiency of idling and low load modes. Today, one of the promising methods for solving the problem of increasing efficiency and reducing the concentration of toxic products in exhaust gases at partial loads and idling is the method of cylinder shutdown with valve timing control. The study of indicator and specific performance indicators of the internal combustion engine was carried out using a method that allows determining the impact of switching off any number of cylinders on the power and fuel economy indicators of the engine. Due to the shutdown of cylinders from 1 to 3, an increase in the average indicator pressure by 10.5% was recorded. Due to the increase in the average indicator pressure in the cylinders, the indicator efficiency increases. The shutdown of cylinders in the Honda V6 engine with an engine capacity of 3.5 liters from 1 to 3 leads to an increase in the indicator efficiency of up to 10.5%. According to the results of the study of the effective performance indicators of the Honda V6 engine with a volume of 3.5, it was found that the average effective pressure is 0.981 MPa, the specific effective fuel consumption is 0.260, and the effective efficiency is 0.3142, and they remain practically unchanged.

15

Study of parameters of the mixture and heat generation of the dd15 diesel engine of the sandvik lh514 loader in the process of using alternative fuels based on rme

Bembenek Michał, Melnyk Vasyl, Mosora Yurii

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 2

169--176

EN

Today, there is a growing shortage of commercial motor fuels in the world. This is due to the tendency to regulate the extraction of hydrocarbons, which are the main raw materials for their production; and, therefore, to reduce the import of oil, alternative types of fuel for diesel engines based on oils and animal fats are becoming widespread today. In this regard, intensive work is underway to convert internal combustion engines to biofuel-based ones both in countries with limited fuel and energy resources and in highly developed countries that have the opportunity to purchase liquid energy carriers. Biodiesel fuel (biodiesel, PME, RME, FAME, EMAG, etc.) is an environmentally friendly type of biofuel obtained from vegetable and animal fats and used to replace petroleum diesel fuel. According to the results of modelling, in the process of using RME B100 biodiesel fuel, we found a reduction in nitrogen dioxide emissions by 21.5% and a reduction in soot emissions by 34.5%. This will positively affect the environmental performance of the Sandvik LH514 loader, which is especially relevant in closed environments such as mines. So, according to the results of studies of the operation of the DD15 engine of the Sandvik LH514 loader on commercial and RME B100 biodiesel fuel, it was established that the use of biodiesel fuel leads to a deterioration of the mixture, due to which heat generation is reduced and, as a result, fuel consumption increases and engine power decreases, but the aspect of environmental indicators constitutes the significant improvement demonstrated by the present work.

16

Profitability of medical entities in Poland following ownership transformations

Kowalik Joanna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 172

355--366

EN

Purpose: The paper aimed to analyze the profitability of the ten selected healthcare units in Poland before and after ownership transformation. Source data used for calculations came from the financial statements of the examined healthcare units. Design/methodology/approach: The paper focuses on ratio analysis, i.e., profitability, which facilitates the evaluation of the studied hospitals in two periods, 'before transformation' and 'after transformation'. A method of scientific cognition was used (1): an analysis of the subject literature, a method of obtaining empirical data (2): an analysis of the content of internal documentation of the analyzed healthcare entities (hospitals), and a method of analysis of the obtained empirical material (3): indicator analysis. Undertaken research contributed to the formulation of the research objective: Is there an improvement in the profitability of medical entities (hospitals) in Poland following ownership transformation? Referring to the presented research problem, the author formulated the following hypothesis: There is an improvement in the profitability of the examined healthcare entities in Poland. Findings: The study's results allow the author to verify the research hypothesis. The spatial scope of the analysis refers to the territory of Poland with a focus on three selected provinces: Lesser Poland (małopolskie), Kuyavia-Pomerania (kujawsko-pomorskie), and Lubusz (lubuskie). The time scope of the study covers three years before the transformation of a given 'SP ZOZ' (Independent Public Healthcare Institution) into a commercial law company and three years after the transformation. The subject scope of the evaluation includes: hospitals subordinate to local government units (LGUs) transformed into commercial law companies. The subject scope of the evaluation is the profitability of hospitals. Research limitations/implications: The results obtained are of great practical importance for managers, shareholders and other stakeholders in the health care sector. Nevertheless, the proposed considerations certainly do not exhaust all possible solutions and may be the subject of further research and scientific discussions. In the future, the author plans to expand the research results with the criterion of social effectiveness (quality of services provided and patient satisfaction with the services of medical entities). Practical implications: The results of the work can become an incentive for executives, managers and investors, as they indicate an improvement in the profitability of hospitals. Social implications: The implementation of the research results will contribute to increasing public awareness of the functioning of hospitals. Originality/value: The number of studies on the financial performance of medical entities is insufficient. All the more, the research results presenting the evaluation of the financial situation of the transformed entities are extremely valuable. The results from the conducted research indicate an improvement in the profitability of the examined medical entities (hospitals). In connection with this fact, legal changes resulting from normative acts (reforms in the healthcare sector) were also justified. The choice of topic results from the personal interests of the author.

17

Effect of artificial intelligence on the economy

Kuzior Aleksandra, Sira Mariya, Brożek Paulina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 176

319--331

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the diverse effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on the economy, with the aim of offering a comprehension of its consequences on different industries and socioeconomic factors. This research endeavours to enhance understanding of the transformative impacts of AI on global economies by investigating the correlation between the adoption of AI and economic dynamics, thereby providing valuable insights. Design/methodology/approach: The research paper utilizes an interdisciplinary methodology that integrates approaches to examine the diverse impacts of artificial intelligence on the economy. Findings: The article presented a nuanced analysis of the multifaceted consequences of adopting AI technology in various aspects including macroeconomics, industry-specific implications, labour market dynamics, socioeconomic factors, and policy considerations. The research outcomes emphasized the significance of a comprehensive and equitable approach to the integration of AI, considering ethical considerations, policy frameworks, and targeted initiatives aimed at ensuring the fair distribution of the advantages and opportunities created by AI. Research limitations/implications: The relationship between the adoption of AI and macroeconomic factors may require a more complex analytical framework. Investigating the possible harmonization and joint efforts between AI and human workers is an avenue that should be explored in future research. To achieve a more thorough comprehension of the multifaceted effects of AI on the economy, upcoming studies should aim to overcome these limitations. Originality/value: The article offers a distinctive perspective by employing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, as well as by considering the broad socioeconomic implications. Its significance lies in providing guidance to policymakers, businesses, researchers, educators, and the wider public, facilitating a more profound comprehension of the impact of AI on economies, and ultimately promoting responsible and fair integration of AI technologies.

18

Barriers and determinants of restructuring employment in the mining industry under the just transformation mechanism. Survey results

Hetmańczyk Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 170

99--117

EN

Purpose: The purpose of using the method is to obtain information on the social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry, taking into account the phase of design, implementation, monitoring and impact assessment for the industry and local communities. Design/methodology/approach: The theses presented in the article have been verified using: literature review, critical literature analysis, document research and comparative analysis. The article presents a research method enabling social assessment of barriers and determinants of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry under the just transition mechanism. The method of researching the social perception of the hard coal mining employment restructuring process, due to the specificity and complexity of the issue under consideration, uses various, mutually complementary methods and techniques of social research: quantitative and qualitative. Findings: As a result of the analyzes and surveys carried out, a set of conclusions can be presented, the most important of which include conclusions relating to social issues – implementation of the economic transformation in mining communes and poviats is possible in the coming years, but the communes are not prepared for the transformation. The negative effects of the employment restructuring process on the local economy may be noticeable in significant liquidation of enterprises cooperating with entities restructuring industry, reduction of revenues to the budget of local government authorities and reduction of demand on the local market. Originality/value: The article enriches knowledge and develops a discussion in the area of social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry. The attempt to capture the phenomena and processes presented here that may result from the transformation of hard coal mining in Poland is aimed at a better comprehension of the task that may be played by the local government in the area of which operating or closed mines and mining companies are located. On the basis of the results of the survey, it is mainly noticed that there is a need to define the challenges and tasks that should be undertaken in real action by the institutions responsible for the transformation of mining communes – especially due to the need to limit the social and economic consequences that may appear in the transformation process, both in the area of mining communes mining and in their surroundings.

19

Barriers and determinants of restructuring employment in the mining industry under the just transformation mechanism. Interviews results

Hetmańczyk Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

333--350

EN

Purpose: The purpose of using the method is to obtain information on the social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry, taking into account the phase of design, implementation, monitoring and impact assessment for the industry and local communities. Design/methodology/approach: The theses presented in the article have been verified using: literature review, critical literature analysis, document research and comparative analysis. The article presents a research method enabling social assessment of barriers and determinants of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry under the just transition mechanism. The method of researching the social perception of the hard coal mining employment restructuring process, due to the specificity and complexity of the issue under consideration, uses various, mutually complementary methods and techniques of social research: quantitative and qualitative. Findings: As a result of the interviews carried out, it seems that all the expert assessments and opinions expressed confirm thesis that if the changes related to the just transition process cannot be stopped, then one must learn to take advantage of it. The view expressed above regarding the process of just transformation, which implies both economic and social challenges that are important for mining communes, among which the following deserve special attention as increasing the importance of the participation of mining communes in making government decisions, more friendly conditions shaping cooperation, need for mining communes to implement projects based on local mobility, adaptability and social sensitivity, need to increase social awareness related to mining in mining communes with responsibility for the just transition process, disappearance of state policies in the implementation of social functions in the phase of ongoing changes and taking them over by the local society. Originality/value: The article enriches knowledge and develops a discussion in the area of social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry. Based on the assessments and opinions of experts, it seems that in the perspective of the predictable occurrence of the transformation process, it could be important for local governments, and in particular mining communes, to promote actions for an evolutionary, not short-term shift from coal-based energy to low-emission sources - striving to make it a multi-stage and long-term process. Equally important may be the pursuit of solutions according to which the principle of introducing funds directly to individual communes for the implementation of the just transformation process will be adopted. Must be considerated need for local governments, including mining communes, to obtain state intervention appropriate to the scale of the challenges, while equipping them with reliable and comprehensively planned proposals for transformational activities limiting their spontaneity.

20

Stabilizacja finansów publicznych wyzwaniem polityki gospodarczej Polski

Wierucka Julia

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2023

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R. 13, Nr 28

97--110

PL

Celem przedmiotowej pracy jest analiza i ocena jednego z głównych wyzwań ekonomicznych Polski na najbliższe lata, mianowicie ustabilizowania systemu finansów publicznych oraz wyhamowania wzrostu długu publicznego. Główny problem badawczy pracy określono w formie pytania: Jak przedstawia się sytuacja stabilizacji sektora finansów publicznych, w dobie dzisiejszych wyzwań i zagrożeń istniejących w polityce gospodarczej, jak i na arenie międzynarodowej? Jako problemy szczegółowe określono: obecną sytuację finansów publicznych w Polsce, będącą podstawą tej analizy, zakres definicyjny podmiotu sprawy, jak i określenie czynników wpływu na mający miejsce rozwój wydarzeń. W nawiązaniu do przedstawionych problemów badawczych wysnuta została hipoteza, iż prowadzone działania w zakresie stabilizacji finansów RP są niewystarczające do aktualnych wydarzeń. Hipoteza została oparta o wyniki statystyczne przedstawione w artykule. W pracy zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: definiowanie, które pozwoliło na określenie jednoznaczności terminów, analizę i syntezę, które pozwoliły na odpowiednią interpretacje zastanych danych, indukcję i dedukcję, które pozwoliły na znalezienie odpowiedzi na rozważne w pracy pytanie badawcze. W pracy posłużono się także metodą analizy porównawczej w zakresie definicji dotyczących omawianego zakresu. Zastosowano również analizę źródeł, monografii, artykułów naukowych traktujących o badanej tematyce.

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyze and assess one of the main economic challenges for Poland in the coming years, namely stabilizing the public finance system and slowing down the growth of public debt. The main research problem of the work was defined in the form of a question: what is the situation of stabilization of the public finance sector in the era of today's challenges and threats in economic policy and in the international arena? The following were defined as specific problems: the current situation of public finances in Poland, which is the basis for this analysis, the definition scope of the subject of the case, as well as determining the factors affecting the development of events. With reference to the presented research problems, a hypothesis was put forward that the activities carried out in the field of stabilizing the finances of the Republic of Poland are insufficient to current events. The hypothesis was based on the statistical results presented in the article. The following research methods were used in the work: defining, which allowed to determine the unambiguity of terms, analysis and synthesis, which allowed for the appropriate interpretation of the existing data, induction and deduction, which allowed finding the answer to the research question considered in the work. The work also uses the method of comparative analysis in terms of definitions regarding the discussed scope. An analysis of sources, monographs, and scientific articles dealing with the researched subject was also used.