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Historia eksploatacji rud żelaza w północnym skrzydle synkliny daleszyckiej (Góry Świętokrzyskie)

Kozak Bartosz, Fijałkowska-Mader Anna, Rutkiewicz Paweł

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 1

98--106

EN

The article deals with the geological structure and the history of exploitation of the iron ore deposit at the foot of the Koski (Kózki) Hill within the Brzechów Range, located 2 km north of Daleszyce in the Holy Cross Mountains. The ores belong to the Porzecze Claystone Member, which is situated on the boundary between the Lower (Emsian) and Middle Devonian (Eifelian), in the lower part of the Barania Góra Formation. This member extends in a narrow zone between the sandstones of the Winna For¬mation and the bioturbated dolomites of the Brzeziny Member in the north-ern wing of the Daleszyce Syncline, located in the Kielce Region of the Holy Cross Mountains. The deposit consists of irregular, nested clusters of mainly limonite and clay siderite, embedded in dark claystones. Iron ore mining began at the beginning of the 17th century for the needs of the forges in Belno, Smyków and Napęków. In the mid-18th century, the deposit was considered exhausted. After a hundred years, mining was briefly resumed and the ore was supplied to the blast furnace at the Wojciechów Ironworks near Szczecno. After that, the Kózki mine was abandoned.

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Skamieniałości kambryjskie z Gór Świętokrzyskich w zbiorach Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego

Kowalski Włodzimierz R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 4

149--155

EN

A search was conducted for a collection of fossils found in the Pepper Mountains, in 1891, by G. Gürich (Geologisches Institut, Breslau). It was found that such a collection did exist and was probably destroyed at the end of World War II. Among other finds at the resources of the University of Wrocław was a collection of Cambrian trilobites from the Holy Cross Mts. (central Poland) with original metrics, sent in 1932 by J. Czarnocki. Parts of other pre-war collections of Cambrian trilobites from the Barrandian area and Lusatia were also found.

3

Epigenetyczna mineralizacja hematytowa „typu Zagnańska” w Górach Świętokrzyskich – występowanie i geneza

Lenik Piotr, Salwa Sylwester

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 7

325--331

EN

The article presents the mineralogical characteristics of epigenetic iron mineralization in the Paleozoic core of the Holy Cross Mountains. The occurrence of epigenetic Fe mineralization, known in the literature as “Zagnańsk-type ”, has so far been associated with the Łysogóry region of the Holy Cross Mountains, and the classic location is the Zachełmie quarry near Zagnańsk. Moreover, other occurrences of this mineralization in the Łysogóry region were also recorded in Wzdół-Kamieniec and Rudki. In recent years, manifestations of this type of mineralization have also been found in the Kielce region of the Holy Cross Mountains, including: the Laskowa quarry near Kostomloty and the Józefka quarry near Górno. The hematite ores and the accompanying mineralization from outcrops known from the literature and from new locations were investigated. Detailed microscopic examinations allowed determining the order of crystallization of individual minerals and distinguishing two stages of Fe mineralization, differing in both mineralogical composition and precipitation conditions. The relationship of this mineralization with diagenetic processes taking place in the Devonian-Carboniferous basin and with the tectonic processes of the Variscan orogeny was also demonstrated. Such mineralization shows close connections with tectonic zones, which emphasizes its epigenetic nature at all locations studied. A general model of the formation of Zagnańsk-type Femineralization was also created, which is applicable to the entire Paleozoic core of the Holy Cross Mountains. In the metallogenesis of the Holy Cross Mountains, this mineralization occurs after (or almost simultaneously) the oldest dolomites and manifestations of silicification of carbonate rocks, and precedes the fundamental stage of development of polymetallic sulphide mineralization with carbonates, and of barite mineralization, which is commonly recorded in this region.

4

Cambrian Series 2 shallow marine siliciclastics at the margin of the East European Craton: the Ociesęki Formation in Dziewiątle Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)

Kozłowska Małgorzata, Kozłowski Wojciech, Żylińska Anna, Szczepanik Zbigniew

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2024

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Vol. 74, no. 4

art. no. e31

EN

The Cambrian rocks of the Palaeozoic inlier of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM) in Poland offer a unique window into the sedimentary record on the margin of the Baltica palaeocontinent. The sedimentary features and ichnofossils in the upper part of the Cambrian Ociesęki Formation, which is a siliciclastic shallowing-upward succession exposed in the newly established Dziewiątle Quarry located in the southern HCM, reflect evolution of the depositional environment from offshore to middle, and even upper, shoreface. The age of the succession is constrained by 1) acritarch assemblages suggestive of the Cambrian Series 2 Volkovia–Liepaina Zone in the underlying rocks, and 2) the directly overlying strata representing the Cambrian Series 2-Miaolingian boundary interval. A major erosional disconformity observed in the quarry is interpreted as a 1 st order sequence boundary that can be correlated with the base of the När Lowstand in Scandinavia. An exceptionally thick (7 m!) interval of hummocky and swaley crossstratified sandstones indicates storm deposition during transgressive conditions in the aftermath of that event.

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An Upper Devonian Kadzielnia-type carbonate buildup in Skrzelczyce Quarry, southern Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

Łuczyński Piotr, Pedrycz Olgierd

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2024

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Vol. 74, no. 4

art. no. e26

EN

In Skrzelczyce Quarry, located in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains in central Poland, a large Upper Devonian carbonate mound is exposed. The Skrzelczyce mound, developed as massive and faintly bedded lime-stones, measures nearly 100 m in lateral extent and over 20 m in thickness, and laterally passes into coral-rich biostromal limestones belonging to the Sitkówka Beds. Four facies have been identified within the massive limestone unit: stromatactis-bearing limestones with scarce macrofossils (M1), macrofossil-rich limestones (M2), stromatoporoid-microbial limestones (M3), and limestones with fenestral structures (M4). These facies indicate varying depositional conditions and microbial activity, reflecting a complex interplay of environmental factors. The mound’s lithological features and spatial facies distribution resemble the late development stage of Devonian atolls in the Ardennes. This analogy suggests that the initial mound setting at Skrzelczyce might have been at depths of 30–60 m, in a moderate energy zone. The mound, composed predominantly of poly-genetic biomicrite with a significant presence of laminar stromatoporoids and corals, features various forms of stromatactis, some typical and others related to sediment winnowing or to shelter cavities. The foraminiferal assemblages, along with lithostratigraphic correlation, suggest that the Skrzelczyce mound may belong to the lower to middle Frasnian, although the precise age remains uncertain due to the lack of conodont dating. The Skrzelczyce mound aligns with the definition of the Kadzielnia Member, and particular facies from Skrzelczyce can be matched with those described from the Kadzielnia Quarry. The structure outcropping in Skrzelczyce is the second largest Upper Devonian carbonate buildup after Kadzielnia in the Holy Cross Mountains, and the largest on the southern edge of the Kielce carbonate platform.

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Datowanie apatytów z żył kwarcowo-chlorytowo-apatytowych w fyllitach z Podmąchocic (Góry Świętokrzyskie)

Salwa Sylwester, Szopa Krzysztof

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 5

298--300

EN

Metamorphic rocks of greenstone facies (phyllites) have been discovered quite recently in the Łysogóry region of the Holy Cross Mountains. The following minerals predominate in the mineral composition of these rocks: bright mica (sericite), quartz, chlorites, rutile, pyrophyllite, xenotime, pyrite, tourmaline, apatite and monacite, while chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena are also present in mineral veins. The phyllites from Podmąchocice are intensely tectonically deformed, while their metamorphism displays a syndeformation character. The age of the tectonic-metamorphic processes has been initially estimated based on their relation to the silicification process. The phyllites are cut by numerous hydrothermal mineral veins, including quartz-chlorite-apatite ones. These veins occur as small post-tectonic and syntaxial forms, a few centimetres long and up to 1 cm thick. In the central parts of the veins, apatite forms colourless crystals, up to 1 mm long and up to 0.1mm thick. The age of the apatites was determined by means of the laser ablation system combined with the mass spectrometer. The results of isotopic measurements were reduced using the “Vizual Age” reduction program. The U-Pb age has been estimated to ~389 ± 18 Ma (upper intercept) that points to the maximum Devonian age (Eifelian/Givetian) of formation of the quartz-apatite veins. This is the first dating that point sto hydro thermal activity of th is age in the study area. As the veins cut discordantly the metamorphic rocks, the metamorphism itself may be older than the apatite age.

7

Renowacja i konserwacja kamiennej płyty z tropami dinozaurów w rezerwacie przyrody Gagaty Sołtykowskie

Rembiś Marek, Dźwigulska-Musiał Paula

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 2

91--96

EN

The inanimate nature reserve Gagaty Sołtykowskie is located in the northern part of the Permian-Mesozoic margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, within the abandoned Odrowąż quarry. Trackways of dinosaurs have been printed on a sandstone bedding plane within the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) Zagaje Formation. The tracks are the oldest known evidence of a group life of the herbivore (plant-eating) sauropods andofa hunting group of predatory the ropods. After twenty years of being exposed to visitors, the sandstone layer had to be thoroughly renovated and conserved. On the basis of an evaluation of its state of preservation followed by laboratory examinations, the authors have prepared the program of conservation procedures and established a set of appropriate materials. The surface of the layer has been cleaned and its loose fragments fixed with the Injektionharz 100 (Remmers) glue. The layer has been impregnated and fractures sealed with an organosilicon compound KSE 100 and KSE 300 (Remmers). The tracks of dinosaurs have become more vivid due to their saturation with the mixture of the KSE 300 and a mineral pigment.

8

Od geologicznego parku krajobrazowego do geoparku globalnego (1991–2021)

Wróblewski Tomasz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 5

287--293

EN

The Chęiny-Kielce Geological Landscape Park was proposed to be created in 1991, in order to protect the geological heritage of supra regional value, as well for educational purposes and development of geotourism. It was established in 1996 as the Chęciny-Kielce Landscape Park (ChKLP). The key adjective (Geological) was missing from its name due to the lack of relevant legislation (despite this, the ChKLP was promoted as a geological park, i.a., during the International ProGEO workshops in 1997 and 2003). At the beginning of 21st century, when a Global Geoparks Network was being organized, the ChKLP, as meeting all UNESCO geopark requirements, was proposed to be included in the network. The Geopark Kielce Centre (an institution previously established for geoheritage promotion purposes) was crucial in the foundation of the new geopark (on the basis on ChKLP), and preparing an application according to UNESCO instructions. The Chęciny-Kielce Geopark, eventually called Holy Cross Mountains Geopark (as its area was extended) was established and included in the Global Geoparks Network in 2021. It should be emphasized that the Polish Geological Institute also played a key role in the whole process, because both innovative ideas (the geological landscape park and the centre of geological education) originated in its Holy Cross Mts. Branch.

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Działalność Oddziału Świętokrzyskiego PIG-PIB w zakresie geologii środowiskowej, ochrony przyrody nieożywionej oraz edukacji geologicznej

Giełżecka-Mądry Dorota, Fijałkowska-Mader Anna, Szczepanik Zbigniew

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 4

250--258

EN

The Holy Cross Mts. and their vicinities is a unique area on the geological map of Europe since rocks of all Phanerozoic systems, including the Cambrian to Quaternary, are exposed there. The variable rock types provide great cognitive and educational opportunities, but also stimulate the exploitation of various types of minerals. On the one hand, mining activities contributed to the recognition and better exposure of rocks, but on the other hand, they often threaten the natural environment and become burdensome for the inhabitants. The study of the balance between environmental protection and human mining activity is carried out by environmental geology, which is an important part of the activity in the Holy Cross Mts. Branch of the Polish Geological Institute (PGI), where various tasks in this field have been carried out for over half a century. The care for protection and promotion of the geological heritage of the Holy Cross Mts has been an important task of geologists working in the Kielce Branch of the PGI throughout its over 80-year history. It is manifested in the legal protection of the most interesting geological areas and geosites, and the promotion of geological knowledge in wide public opinion. The geological education in the Holy Cross Mts. plays a special role because the inanimate nature is a very valuable element of natural environment that distinguishes the Kielce region from other regions of Poland.

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Taxonomic revision of the Paradoxididae Hawle and Corda, 1847 from the Miaolingian (Cambrian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland: a morphometric approach to simply deformed trilobites

Nowicki Jakub, Żylińska Anna

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2021

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Vol. 71, no. 4

371--391

EN

The taxonomy of simply deformed paradoxidids from the Miaolingian (Cambrian) of Słowiec Hill, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, is revised based on morphometric analysis. The material represents two species: Acadoparadoxides slowiecensis (Czarnocki in Orłowski, 1965) and Hydrocephalus? polonicus (Czarnocki in Orłowski, 1965). A new assemblage zone based on the combined although not precisely known ranges of these two taxa is suggested replacing the previous Paradoxides polonicus Zone of Orłowski (1975, 1988, 1992a). The Acadoparadoxides slowiecensis–Hydrocephalus? polonicus Assemblage Zone corresponds to the middle and upper part of the Wuliuan Stage (lower Miaolingian).

11

Problematyka tożsamości współczesnego domu regionalnego. Dom jednorodzinny w Masłowie w Górach Świętokrzyskich

Purski Michał

PUA Przestrzeń Urbanistyka Architektura

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2020

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Vol. 2

151--171

PL

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę braku ciągłości w architekturze regionalnej w Górach Świętokrzyskich i na Kielecczyźnie. Analiza wybranych historycznych budynków na świecie, w Europie, w Polsce i w Górach Świętokrzyskich oraz przykładów z współczesnej architektury regionalnej pozwala okreś- lić szereg ponadczasowych cech kształtujących architekturę regionalną. Jako podsumowanie autor przedstawia projekt domu w Masłowie, zrealizowany z uwzględnieniem wyżej wymienionych cech.

EN

The author analyses regional architecture all over the world, in Europe, in Poland and in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains Region in order to detect and describe features that have a strong impact on regional architecture. Finding such features enables to characterize different aspects of contemporary regional architecture. As a summary, the author presents the project of a contemporary regional house in Masłów in Świętokrzyskie Mountains that makes reference to these aspects.

12

Zmiany warunków wodnych wskutek działalności górniczej w rejonie Gałęzice–Bolechowice–Borków w Górach Świętokrzyskich

Prażak Jan, Bruczyńska Joanna, Kaczor-Kurzawa Dorota, Młyńczak Tomnasz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 4

233--236

EN

In the Gałęzice-Bolechowice-Borków region, located in the Holy Cross Mountains, several limestone and dolomite quarries are currently in operation. Deep drainage of these quarries caused the formation of a large regional depression cone that affected numerous groundwater intakes, including those supplying potable water for communes, and a large intake in the Dyminy quarter of Kielce. The range of the depression cone will increase in the future, both vertically and laterally, due to expanding extraction of industrial stones from continuously deepened mining levels. Prognoses of further changes of hydrologic conditions in the region and their impact on admissible volumes of groundwater resources available in particular intakes are calculated using the stationary mathematical model.

13

Strukturalne, litologiczne oraz tektoniczne uwarunkowania rozwoju i ewolucji świętokrzyskich skałek piaskowcowych

Urban Jan

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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vol. 68, nr 2

112--126

EN

Majority of ca. 90 sites ofsandstone crag groups and individual crags, occurring in the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mts. region, represent the following crag-forming lithostratigraphic units: Cambrian Wiśniówka Formation, Devonian Barcza Fm and Zagórze Fm, Triassic Zagnańsk Fm and Krynki Beds, as well as Jurassic Skloby Fm and Ostrowiec Fm. Specific features of these rocks are the occurrence of sandstone series, up to 20 m thick, above more plastic, clayey or heterolithic series, high-energy depositional environments, and siliceous composition. The crag-forming sandstones differ in the amount of siliceous cement: from strongly cemented Paleozoic quartzitic sandstones to porous Mesozoic sandstones with poor cement, which determines diverse mechanical properties. Strongly cemented Paleozoic rocks display high rock strength and abrasion resistance, while porous and theoretically friable Mesozoic sandstones are characterised by high grain packing due to compaction. Regarding the principal role of gravitational disinte¬gration of rock massifs under the periglacial conditions in the Pleistocene, other factors constraining the crag formation and shaping are the tectonic situation of rocks (orientation of strata and joints), adequate joint spacing, and bed thickness. The interrelations between lithological and structural features of crag-forming sandstones and tectonics, conditioning erosion and weathering rates are specific for particular types of these sandstones.

14

Rzeźba strukturalna obszaru Świętokrzyskiego Parku Narodowego

Łajczak Adam, Urban Jan, Rączkowska Zofia, Wałach Grzegorz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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vol. 68, nr 2

102--111

EN

The area of the Świętokrzyski National Park is one of the most evident examples of structural morphology in Poland. Its relief is clearly determined by bedrock lithology: the hill ranges are composed of hard quartzitic sandstones of the upper Cambrian (Łysogóry Range) and the Lower Devonian (Klonowskie Range), while the depressions, usually vast and flat-bottomed, are distributed on outcrops of soft, easily weathered and eroded Ordovician and Silurian shales, greywackes and sandstones. The parallel pattern of hill ranges and depressions, as well as a mesh-grid pattern of river valley systems and the antecedent character of river gaps, reflects fold tectonics modified by transverse faults. Such a morphology developed during the Paleogene and Neogene under hot and then warm, gradually cooling climatic conditions. In the Pleistocene, principally under the periglacial conditions, block fields (symbols of the Świętokrzyski NP) and crags (crests, table-like forms, cupolas and spurs) were formed. The shape and spatial position of most crags are related to geological structures.

15

Dolnokredowe fosforyty z NE obrzeżenia Gór Świętokrzyskichjako potencjalne źródło REE : badania wstępne

Zglinicki Karol, Szamałek Krzysztof, Salwa Sylwester, Górska Irena

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 7

566--576

EN

The PGI-NRI conducts geological research on the documentation of occurrence of REE deposits in Poland. The deposit potential may be related to the formation of Lower Cretaceous phosphorites from the NE margin of the Holy Cross Mountains. Two phosphorite deposits were exploited in this region in the past: Chałupki (1936-1959) and Annopol (1952-1970). From the Chałupki old mine dump, 34 samples of fine-grained sand were collected. The pseudonodules were extracted from this sand. The sand from the dump is composed of quartz, francolite (carbonate-rich fluorapatite) Ca5(PO4,CO3)3F, illite and a small amount of feldspar, calcite and heavy minerals. The heavy fraction is composed of zircon, monazite and rutile. Sand has a low content of REE ranging from 47.56 to 185.26ppm. The phosphorite pseudonodules underwent a detailed mineralogical and chemical analysis. They are composed of francolite, quartz, illite, glauconite, feldspar and minor heavy minerals: zircon and monazite. For the first time, the whole spectrum of REE was analysed in pseudonodules. The I.REE content in the nodules ranges from 177.37 to 354.18ppm. This level of REE indicates a serious need for further exploration and research of phosphorite pseudonodules within the whole Lower Cretaceous phosphorite series and moreover, also in the Eocene phosphorite formation in the Lublin region.

16

Stan i perspektywy wydobycia surowców skalnych w województwie świętokrzyskim

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2020

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nr 8

13--19

PL

Województwo świętokrzyskie jest w kraju znaczącym obszarem pod względem wielkości zasobów i wydobycia surowców skalnych. To wiodący region w zakresie wydobycia wapieni i margli, gipsów i anhydrytów oraz surowców ilastych. Znaczne zasoby stanowią również kamienie łamane i bloczne. Stan i perspektywy wydobycia surowców skalnych w poszczególnych powiatach województwa są zróżnicowane. Istotną rolę odgrywają powiaty: kielecki, opatowski, jędrzejowski, staszowski i włoszczowski. Istniejący stan zasobów surowców skalnych uwarunkowany jest budową geologiczną województwa, w szczególności Gór Świętokrzyskich, w obrębie których rozwinęło się tzw. Białe Zagłębie.

EN

The article describes rock mining industry in Świętokrzystakie Province basing on state of minerals deposits in 2018. The Świętokrzystakie Province is a significant area in the country in terms of the volume of resources and extraction of rock raw materials. It is a leanding region in Poland with well-developed mining limestones and marl, gypsum and anhydrite as well as clays and crushed Stones. The following countries play an important role in mining: Kielce, Opatów, Jędrzejów, Staszów and Włoszczowa. The existing state of mineral deposits is determined by the geological structure of the province, in particular the Świętokrzyskie Mountaing where the so-called „White Stones Field” is located.

17

Fluid pathways within shallow-generated damage zones of strike-slip faults – evidence of map-scale faulting in a continental environment, SW Permo-Mesozoic cover of the Late Palaeozoic Holy Cross Mountains Fold Belt, Poland

Rybak-Ostrowska Barbara, Konon Andrzej, Hurai Vratislav, Bojanowski Maciej, Konon Agnieszka, Wyglądała Michał

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2020

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Vol. 70, no. 1

1--29

EN

The damage zones of exhumed strike-slip faults dissecting Jurassic carbonates in the south-western part of the Late Palaeozoic Holy Cross Mountains Fold Belt reveal second-order faults and fractures infilled with syntectonic calcite. The subsequent development of a structural pattern of microscopic fault-related structures and calcite infillings reflects the activity of strike-slip faults that began in the Late Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian) and lasted until the early Miocene (Langhian). The fabric of the syntectonic veins provides insights into the evolution of the permeable fault-related structures that were the main pathways for fluid flow during fault activity. Microstructural study of calcite veins coupled with stable isotope and fluid inclusion data indicates that calcite precipitated primarily in a rock-buffered system related to strike-slip fault movement, and secondarily in a partly open system related to the local activity of the releasing Chmielnik stepover or the uplift of the area. The presence of meteoric fluids descending from the surface into damage zones suggest that the strike-slip faulting might have taken place in a nonmarine, continental environment.

18

Evidence of Late Cretaceous/Cenozoic strike-slip faulting within the late Palaeozoic Holy Cross Mts. Fold Belt, Poland: Józefka releasing stepover

Skompski Stanisław, Konon Andrzej, Wysocka Anna, Czarniecka Urszula

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2019

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Vol. 69, no. 1

89--105

EN

The aim of this study was to reconstruct the location mechanism of a Triassic sandstone wedge within folded Palaeozoic rocks. A vertically oriented Buntsandstein succession (Lower Triassic) from Józefka Quarry (Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland), steeply wedged within folded Devonian carbonates, is recognised as an effect of normal faulting within a releasing stepover. The sandstone succession, corresponding to the Zagnańsk Formation in the local lithostratigraphic scheme, is represented by two complexes, interpreted as deposits of a sand-dominated alluvial plain (older complex), and coarse-grained sands and gravels of a braided river system (younger complex). The sandstone complex was primarily formed as the lowermost part of the several kilometres thick Mesozoic cover of the Holy Cross Mountains Fold Belt (HCFB), later eroded as a result of the Late Cretaceous/Paleogene uplift of the area. Tectonic analysis of the present-day position of the deformed sandstone succession shows that it is fault-bounded by a system of strike-slip and normal faults, which we interpret as a releasing stepover. Accordingly, the formation of the stepover in the central part of the late Palaeozoic HCFB is evidence of a significant role of strike-slip faulting within this tectonic unit during Late Cretaceous/Paleogene times. The faulting was probably triggered by reactivation of the terminal Palaeozoic strike-slip fault pattern along the western border of the Teisseyre–Tornquist Zone.

19

Prawo i przepisy dotyczące budownictwa wiejskiego w Dolinie Kamiennej od XIX wieku do 1961 roku. Część I

Schäfer B.

Topiarius. Studia krajobrazowe

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2018

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Nr 6

37--46

PL

Pierwsza część artykułu poświęcona jest przepisom dotyczącym budownictwa wiejskiego, które obowiązywały w regionie doliny rzeki Kamiennej od początku XIX wieku do końca pierwszej wojny światowej. W okresie tym bodajże, największe znaczenie miały przepisy wydane przez Komisję Rządową Przychodów i Skarbu Województwa Sandomierskiego obowiązujące we wsiach dóbr rządowych. Badania form oraz rozwiązań technicznych budynków z drugiej połowy XIX wieku, wsparte dokumentami archiwalnymi dowodzą, iż niektórych aspektów tych przepisów przestrzegano starannie, podczas gdy przeforsowanie innych, napotykało na duże trudności. Jednoznaczne określenie, do jakiego stopnia przepisy te wpłynęły na rozwój budownictwa wiejskiego regionu, nie jest możliwe ze względu na niewielką ilość zachowanych obiektów z okresu poprzedzającego ich wprowadzenie. Z pewnością jednak potwierdzić można występowanie obiektów odpowiadających wymogom tychże przepisów, począwszy od momentu ich obowiązywania.

20

Wiek dolnodewońskiego poziomu tufitowego z Barczy (Góry Świętokrzyskie) na podstawie miospor

Fijałkowska-Mader A., Malec J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 9

578--584

EN

Results of palynological studies of the Lower Devonian siliciclastic deposits of the Barcza Beds (Upper Pragian-Lower Emsian) from two abandoned quarries at Barcza in the Holy Cross Mts. is presented. Based on miospores, the biostratigraphic position of the tuffite horizon from the Barcza profile was defined as the early Emsian AB (annulatus-bellatulus) palynological Zone.