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1

The influence of the content of phosphates in water on the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves

Wesołowski Paweł, Neugebauer Maciej

Combustion Engines

|

2024

|

R. 63, nr 2

152--157

EN

The phosphate content of a test sample is one of the indicators of the trophic status of the test water. In this work, an attempt was made to use a non-destructive ultrasonic technique to determine this parameter. For this purpose, a specially prepared measuring station was used to test distilled water samples with different phosphate contents. Specially prepared samples contained 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 kg/m3 of phosphates. In addition, tests were carried out on the effect of sample temperature on the values of the characteristic parameter of the wave, in the range from 12 to 30°C. All tests were carried out using two ultrasonic heads with a wave frequency of 2 MHz. The ultrasonic wave parameter analysed in the study was the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave. The results obtained indicate that the ultrasonic method is useful for non-destructive evaluation of phosphate content in the sample. Additionally, they show a large influence of the sample temperature on the results read.

2

Determining the Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis in the Purification of Water from Phosphates

Gomelya Mykola, Shabliy Tetyana, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Vakulenko Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 2

238--246

EN

Processes of water purification from phosphates using a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane were studied. It was shown that the concentration of phosphates in the permeate largely depends on their initial concentration in the water and increases along with the degree of permeate selection. It was established that when using the Filmtec TW3–1812–50 membrane for phosphate concentrations up to 20 mg/dm3, their concentration in the permeate does not exceed 2.5 mg/dm3 with a degree of permeate selection up to 90% when cleaning solutions in distilled and artesian water. This value is below the permissible level for drinking water. When the concentration of phosphates increases to 100 and 1000 mg/dm3, their content in the permeate increases sharply to the values significantly higher than the permissible level in both drinking and wastewater. When sodium orthophosphate was added to artesian water, the effectiveness of its purification on this membrane with respect to chlorides, sulfates, hardness ions, and hydrocarbons was high. This indicates that the cartridges with these membranes can be used both in industrial installations and in households for further purification of artesian and tap water to drinking water quality.

3

Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Phosphates from the Djebel Onk Deposits (Tebessa, Algeria)

Tahri Tourkia, Narsis Souad, Bezzi Nacer, Bouzenzana Abdellali, Sekiou Omar, Trirat Tabet, Amrane Theziri, Benselhoub Aissa

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2023

|

no. 2, vol. 1

351--359

PL

Algeria has important phosphate reserves (2 billion tons) located in the east of the country at Djebel Onk. This mining district is located in the northwestern part of the Algerian Sahara near the Algerian-Tunisian border. The granulo-chemical and XRD analytical results confirm the phosphate depletion of Bled El Hadba layer and their enrichment in carbonate and dolomite, in comparison with the layer of Kef Essennoun. Phosphorite particles are heterogeneously grained. Although the two deposits are relatively close to each other, they show different mineralogical and chemical characteristics, which may cause the use of different mining exploitation methods.

XX

Algieria posiada ważne rezerwy fosforanów (2 miliardy ton) zlokalizowane na wschodzie kraju w Djebel Onk. Ten obszar górniczy znajduje się w północno-zachodniej części algierskiej Sahary, w pobliżu granicy algiersko-tunezyjskiej. Wyniki analiz granulochemicznych i XRD potwierdzają zubożenie fosforanów w warstwie Bled El Hadba i ich wzbogacenie w węglan i dolomit, w porównaniu z warstwą Kef Essennoun. Cząstki fosforytu są niejednorodnie ziarniste. Chociaż oba złoża znajdują się stosunkowo blisko siebie, wykazują różne właściwości mineralogiczne i chemiczne, co może powodować stosowanie różnych metod eksploatacji górniczej.

4

Evaluation of the Concentration and Health Risks of Phosphates and Nitrates of a High Andean River

Sáez-Huamán Wilfredo, Contreras-Lopez Eliana, Portuguez-Maurtua Marcelo, Sánchez-Araujo Víctor, Palomino-Pastrana Pedro, Escobar-Soldevilla Mabel, Inostroza-Ruiz Luis Alberto, Llahuilla Quea Jose Antonio

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 9

249--258

EN

In developing countries, river monitoring is very limited. Despite environmental and health problems, there is a paucity of information regarding the contaminants phosphates and nitrates. Thus, concentration and health risks, of phosphates and nitrates of the Ichu river waters, in Huancavelica, Peru, were evaluated. Sampling was carried out at six different points. Important water quality parameters were analyzed, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and electric conductivity (EC). The results revealed that the phosphate and nitrate varied between 0.475 to 0.575 mg/L and 11.10 to 14.00 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of phosphates and nitrates was 0.520±0.02 mg/L and 13.10±0.48, respectively. The Ichu River water had the quality that corresponded to its category, when compared to the permitted limits of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for water. It did not present contamination according to the nutrient contamination index and the health risk was from chronic low intake. Besides, it presented a moderate relationship between nitrate and phosphate, due to the low concentration of phosphates during the dry season. What is new about this research is the approach to potential health risks of exposure to nitrates and phosphates, in a high Andean river in Huancavelica, Peru.

5

Badania rozkładu fosforytów w produkcji ekstrakcyjnego kwasu fosforowego w warunkach przemysłowych

Burkiewicz Adam, Grzmil Barbara, Tarnowska Agata

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2022

|

T. 101, nr 1

58--62

PL

Zbadano wpływ stosowanych surowców na sprawność procesu otrzymywania ekstrakcyjnego kwasu fosforowego metodą dwuwodzianową w Grupie Azoty Zakłady Chemiczne Police SA. Badania prowadzono w dwóch instalacjach o podobnej zdolności produkcyjnej różniących się liczbą reaktorów (ciąg D - układ pięciu reaktorów połączonych kaskadowo, ciąg E - jeden reaktor z komorą centralną oraz komorami peryferyjnymi). Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników, charakteryzujących właściwości otrzymywanego ekstrakcyjnego kwasu fosforowego oraz odpadowego fosfogipsu, opracowano rekomendacje dotyczące rozkładu określonego surowca fosforonośnego w odpowiednim ciągu technologicznym.

EN

Four P-bearing raw material were extracted with H₂SO₄ in two industrial plants differing in the number of reactors. The effect of the raw materials used on the efficiency of the H₃PO₄ extraction process was studied. The properties of the obtained extractive H₃PO₄ and waste phosphogypsum were characterized. Recommendations for the decompn. of a specific P-bearing raw material in an appropriate technological line were developed.

6

Wastewater Purification from Excess Phosphates Using Bentonite Activated by Microwave Radiation

Boichuk Bohdan, Kuzyk Andrew, Sysa Leonid, Pastukhov Paul, Shuplat Taras

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

251--259

EN

This article examines the possibilities of improving the ecological condition of small rivers on the example of the upper part of the Prut River in the vicinity of Yaremche (Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine). The previously published data of the article authors and other researchers that the amount of pollutants in river water in this area has increased, in particular, phosphorus compounds, has been confirmed. It was shown that the incompletely purified wastewaters of Yaremche, which contains an excess of phosphate ions, has a significant impact on this fact. On the basis of their own previous research and current work, the authors propose removing these ions using a natural sorbent based on bentonite, activated by microwaves in various ways. Experiments have shown that microwave activation of this sorbent increases the coefficient of phosphate ions extraction from wastewater significantly higher compared to natural bentonite. An approximate technological scheme of wastewater purification from excess phosphates after the main standard purifying cycle was suggested.

7

W poszukiwaniu surowców krytycznych dla Polski. Republika Konga : geologia, potencjał surowcowy, warunki koncesyjne

Strzelecki S., Wołkowicz Stanisław, Elenga Hilaire, Kounkou Ghynel R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2021

|

Vol. 69, nr 6

339--355

EN

For its development, Polish economy needs a number of mineral raw materials that are not present in the country. An important way to increase the country's raw material security is to search for the necessary raw materials abroad. Among such countries is the Republic of the Congo. Advantageous geographic location with access to the Atlantic Ocean, the presence of geological structures rich in various mineral resources, such as tin, tungsten, coltan (Ta-Nb ore), polymetals (Cu-Pb-Zn), iron (BIF deposits), potassium salts and phosphate rock, as well as favourable legal regulations promoting foreign investments, make the Republic of the Congo a country with which Poland should cooperate in the field of raw materials and mining industries. A relatively small part of the Republic of the Congo is well explored, but the potential of undiscovered mineral resources is very large. Poland, having a well-educated cadre of geologists, can and should share its experiences with specialists working in the geological survey of the Republic of the Congo. Such cooperation can bring many benefits to both cooperating countries.

8

Minimization of Soil Pollution as a Result of the Use of Encapsulated Mineral Fertilizers

Vakal Serhii, Yanovska Anna, Vakal Viktoriia, Artyukhov Artem, Shkola Viktoriia, Yarova Tetiana, Dmitrikov Valerii, Krmela Jan, Malovanyy Myroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 1

221--230

EN

The application of nitrogen fertilizers allows increasing crop yields and partially increase the natural soil fertility. They have a negative influence on the environment due to the significant release of nitrogen. Hence, the technology for decreasing the N-release is proposed in this work. Obtaining of complex organo-mineral NPK fertilizers by encapsulating a carbamide granule with a phosphate-potassium shell with humates is the main aim of this work. The main tasks of this shell is slow release of the nitrogen and phosphate nutrients from the granules into the soil following the agrochemical needs of plants and prevention of soil pollution. The powdered components agglomeration of phosphate and potassium fertilizers with a small amount of liquid phase (plasticizer) allows forming a phosphate-containing coating on a carbamide core by means of the semi-dry method. This innovation allows organizing the production of such a product at the average enterprise with less capital investment. Carbamide prills, phosphate-glauconite concentrate, calcium and potassium ballast humate, and “Avatar” trace-element chelate complex were used in experimental studies. A preliminary assessment of the market prospects for such an innovation shows a high level of market attractiveness for all market participants: producers, consumers, and society.

9

Uptake of phosphates from water solutions on metallurgical sludge

Kostura Bruno, Huczala Radim, Klika Zdeněk, Ritz Michal, Bartoňová Lucie, Matýsek Dalibor

Environment Protection Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 47, nr 3

37--51

EN

Steel-making dust slurry (SS) and convertor dust slurry (CS) were tested for uptake of phosphates from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of phosphates on SS and CS corresponded well with both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, which indicated the combination of physical and chemical processes. The maximum adsorbed amount of phosphates on both dust slurry samples was ca. 11 mg P/g. The study evaluates also the effect of acidic leaching on the retention characteristics of both dust slurry samples. From the slurry samples prepared by acidic leaching, the leached convertor dust slurry (CSL) was the only sample capable to retain phosphates. To reveal the retention mechanisms of phosphates, the original and leached dust slurry samples were analyzed by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Co-precipitation of Ca and Fe phosphates, or surface complexation of phosphates were evaluated as the retention mechanisms of CS and CSL while the retention of phosphates by zincite in the case of SS is probably based on their adsorption.

10

The Use of Sorbents for the Removal of Selected Anions from Wastewater after Production of Soda Ash

Gołub Adam, Piekutin Janina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 2

104--110

EN

The research on the use of sorbents to remove anions from the wastewater after soda production was conducted due to the need to protect waters against the pollution at the source of its formation. In the case of industrial plants introducing wastewater to surface waters, this requires modification of the production line or an additional stage of wastewater treatment, which will prevent pollution of the environment. The wastewater generated in the Solvay soda ash production process is characterized by strong alkaline pH, high electrolytic conductivity and high concentrations of chlorides, ammonia, sulfates, phosphates, calcium, potassium, sodium and magnesium. The paper presents the results of the research aimed at removing the chloride, sulfate and phosphate anions from wastewater from calcinated soda production using three sorbents: Halosorb, Compakt and Damsorb K. The ion removal process was carried out using a dynamic method with a varying deposit load in the range from 0.579 m3/(m2h) to 1.937 m3/(m2h). The concentrations of all tested anions were reduced, which indicates a high potential of the method and possibility of further, more detailed studies.

11

The Ability of Peat in Adsorption of Biogenic Elements from Water Environment

Matsuska Oksana, Suchorska Olga, Gumnitsky Jaroslaw

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 4

224--230

EN

The possibilities of using a natural sorbent – peat for the wastewater treatment of ammonium ions and phosphates discharged from runoff into natural reservoirs at high concentrations were investigated. The peat of from the Vereshchytsya-Yanovske deposit of Ukraine of two depths: lowland and upland, was studied. It was established that the lowland samples of peat have higher sorption properties to the investigated pollutants from the aquatic environment than the upland ones. A greater moisture loss in the lowland peat species was observed, as well as the major part of the plant fibers in its structure, which explains its sorption properties. Due to the high content of humic substances, the extraction of cations from the water by peat can occur due to the ion exchange. The adsorption isotherms of both ammonium and phosphate ions on the top and lowland peat species of the Vereshchytsya-Yanovske deposit were constructed and presented. The adsorption isotherm obtained in the experimental studies was used to mathematically establish the isotherm equation, using the Langmuir and Freundlich models to describe the equilibrium of the sorption processes under study. The degree of appropriation of linear equations to the experimental data was evaluated on the basis of the deterministic coefficient, which enabled to determine that in each case the Langmuir equations describe the adsorption isotherms more adequately.

12

Biofilmy i osady w systemach dystrybucji wody pitnej

Kręgiel Dorota

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2020

|

Nr 11

17--20

PL

Artykuł przedstawia główne problemy występujące w systemach dystrybucji wody pitnej. Należą do nich: obecność biofilmów i luźnych osadów, które stanowią aktywne strefy kumulacji i rozwoju drobnoustrojów. Rozważana jest także obecność określonych mikroorganizmów związanych z ryzykiem zdrowotnym wody pitnej, wpływ chlorowania, rodzaje materiałów eksploatacyjnych oraz zabiegów antykorozyjnych.

EN

The article presents the main problems in drinking water distribution systems. These include: the presence of biofilms and loose sediments, which are active zones of microbial accumulation and development. The presence of certain microorganisms associated with the health risk of drinking water, the effect of chlorination, the effect of the pipe wall material and anticorrosion treatments are also considered.

13

Zmiany przepisów UE dotyczące substancji dodatkowych i aromatów

Gajda-Wyrębek J., Jarecka J., Dłużewska M.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2018

|

T. 72, nr 5

10--13

PL

Zmiany przepisów Unii Europejskiej wynikają z ponownej oceny substancji dodatkowych przez EFSA lub z wniosków producentów o rozszerzenie zastosowania dopuszczonych substancji. W artykule przedstawiono zmiany ustawodawstwa w zakresie substancji konserwującej o nazwie sorbinian wapnia, barwnika E 120 oraz dopuszczenia związków fosforu do produktów na rożnie (np. kebabów). Zmiany przepisów UE w zakresie aromatów wynikają z oceny przez EFSA aromatu eter rumowy.

EN

The European Union legislation has been amended because of the re- evaluation of approved food additives by EFSA or as a result of food producer application on new uses of authorized food additives. The amendments of the EU legislation as regards preservative calcium sorbate, colour E 120 and the use of stabilizers - phosphate compounds in frozen vertical meat spits are presented in the article. The EU legislation on flavourings has been amended because of EFSA opinion on flavouring rum ether.

14

Wstępna ocena zawartości biogenów w wodach zalanych nieczynnych kamieniołomów położonych na terenach wiejskich

Jawecki B., Mirski J.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 6

1--13

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zawartości biogenów (Nog., NH4, NO3, NO2, Pog., PO4) w wodach nieczynnych kamieniołomów, których celem była ocena ich stanu. Średnia zawartość Nog. mieściła się w granicach 1,10–3,50 mgN·dm-3 a Pog. w przedziale 0,39–1,08 mgP·dm-3. Nie stwierdzono zagrożenia zbiorników azotanami ze źródeł rolniczych, maksymalne stężenie NO3 wynosiło 1,06 mgNO3·dm-3. Wysokie stężenie Pog. (>0,1 mgP·dm-3) powoduje eutrofizację, występująca we wszystkich zbiornikach, objawiająca się zakwitami glonów oraz wpływa na złą ocenę stanu wód. Najgorszą jakość wód odnotowano w zalanych kamieniołomach KG-3 i KG-2 będących pod presją ze strony ścieków z gospodarstw rolnych. Badane wskaźniki zanieczyszczeń wód w kamieniołomach KG-1, KŁ-4, KM-5 spełniają wymagania kategorii A1 i potencjalnie mogą być źródłem wody do spożycia (po uzdatnieniu).

EN

The paper presents the results of the research of nutrients concentration (total nitrogen – TN, NH4, NO3, NO2, total phosphorus – TP, PO4) in the waters of inactive quarries. The aim of research was to assess the condition of quarry lakes. Average concentration of TN was within 1.10-3.50 mgN×dm-3 and TP in the range of 0.39–1.08 mgP·dm-3. No risk of reservoir enrichment by nitrates from agricultural sources was found, the maximum NO3 concentration was 1.06 mgNO3·dm-3. High concentration of TP (>0,1 mgP·dm-3) causes eutrophication, occurring in all reservoirs, manifested by algal blooms and affects poor water status assessment. The worst water quality was found in the quarry lakes KG-3 and KG-2 exposed to the sewage from farms. The examined indicators of water pollution in quarry lakes KG-1, KŁ-4, KM-5 fulfill the requirements of category A1 and potentially may be a source of water for consumption (after water treatment).

15

Monitoring stężeń biogenów w wodzie powierzchniowej małego śródpolnego zbiornika wodnego położonego w zlewni rolniczej

Ligocka K.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 2

9--14

PL

Badaniom poddano wodę powierzchniową śródpolnego oczka wodnego położonego w zlewni rolniczej. Celem podjętych badań był wstępny monitoring stężeń azotu amonowego i azotanowego oraz fosforu fosforanowego w wodzie powierzchniowej. Badania prowadzono w okresie od marca do października (2015–2017). Najwyższe średnie stężenie fosforanów stwierdzono w 2017 roku, natomiast najwyższe stężenia fosforanów wystąpiły we wszystkich latach badawczych w czerwcu. Najmniejsze średnie stężenie fosforanów stwierdzono w pierwszym roku badawczym (2015 roku), natomiast w kolejnych latach obserwowano wzrost średnich stężeń fosforanów. Stężenia fosforanów we wszystkich latach badawczych wzrastały od marca do czerwca, po czym ich koncentracja w wodzie się zmniejszała. Wykonane badania potwierdziły zależność, że w okresach niższych temperatur stwierdzano niższe stężenia azotu amonowego, niż w miesiącach o wyższej średniej miesięcznej temperaturze powietrza. Najwyższe średnie stężenie azotu amonowego stwierdzono w pierwszym roku badań (2015), wynoszące 0,29 mg·kg-1. Średnie stężenia azotu azotanowego wahały się w zakresie 0,15–0,24 mg·kg-1. Najwyższe stężenia azotanów stwierdzono we wszystkich latach badawczych w miesiącu czerwiec. Natomiast najniższe stężenia azotanów w 2015 i 2016 roku wystąpiły w sierpniu oraz w 2017 roku w lipcu.

EN

Studies were conducted on the surface waters of mid-field ponds in an agricultural watershed. The research aimed to perform introductory assessment of the concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen, and nitric nitrogen as well as phosphates in the surface waters. The studies have been performed from March to October, 2015 to 2017. The highest concentrations of phosphates were detected in year 2017, whereas the highest concentrations of these compounds were experienced in June in every year. The lowest concentrations of phosphates were detected in the first year of studies (2015). The average concentration of phosphate increased every year. The concentrations of phosphates increased from March to October; however, the decline was experienced in the later period. The conducted research confirmed the dependence, that the concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen in lower temperatures were generally lower than in the months with higher average temperature. The highest average concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (0.29 mg·kg-1) was detected in the first year of studies (2015). The average concentrations of nitric nitrogen’s fluctuate from 0.15 to 0.24 mg·kg-1. In every year, the concentrations of nitrates were highest in June. The lowest concentrations of nitrates were experienced in August of 2015 and 2016, as well as in July of 2017.

16

Spatio-temporal changes in water quality in an eutrophic lake with artificial aeration

Ferral A., Solis V., Frery A., Orueta A., Bernasconi I., Bresciano J., Scavuzzo C. M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2017

|

no. 35

27--40

EN

In this work we present novel results concerning water quality changes in an eutrophic water body connected with an artificial aeration system installed in it. Sixty one in-situ and laboratory measurements of biogeochemical variables were recorded monthly between October 2008 and June 2011 to evaluate temporal and spatial changes in San Roque reservoir (Argentina). t-Student mean difference tests, carried out over the whole period, showed with 95% confidence that a monitoring point located at the centre of the water body is representative of the chemical behaviour of the reservoir. Thermal stratification was observed in all sampling sites in the summer, but the frequency of these episodes was markedly lower in bubbling zones. Mean chlorophyll-a concentrations were 58.9 μg∙dm–3 and 117.0 μg∙dm–3 in the absence and in the presence of thermocline respectively. According to the t-Student test, this difference was significant, with p < 0.001. Phosphate release from sediments was corroborated under hypoxia conditions. ANOVA one way analysis did not show significant spatial differences for any variable. Mean normalize spatial index (MENSI) was developed to compare data from different regions affected by high temporal variability. It proved to be useful to quantify spatial differences. Structure analysis of temporal series was used to scrutinize both chemical and spatial association successfully. Three chemically different zones were determined in the reservoir. This study demonstrated that spatial comparisons by means of marginal statistics may not be an adequate method when high temporal variation is present. In such a case, temporal structure analysis has to be considered.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono oryginalne wyniki dotyczące zmian jakości wody w eutroficznym zbiorniku wodnym związanych z zainstalowanym tam systemem sztucznego napowietrzania. Od października 2008 do czerwca 2011 r. dokonywano co miesiąc in situ i w laboratorium 61 pomiarów parametrów biogeochemicznych aby ocenić czasowe i przestrzenne zmiany w zbiorniku San Roque (Argentyna). Testy t-Studenta prowadzone dla całego okresu badawczego wykazały z 95-procentowym poziomem ufności, że stanowisko monitoringu zlokalizowane w centrum zbiornika wodnego jest reprezentatywne dla właściwości chemicznych całego zbiornika. Stratyfikację termiczną obserwowano latem we wszystkich stanowiskach badawczych, ale częstość wystąpień tych epizodów była znacząco mniejsza w strefie napowietrzania. Średnie stężenie chlorofilu a wynosiło 58,9 μg∙dm–3 i 117,0 μg∙dm–3 odpowiednio w warunkach braku i w warunkach występowaniu termokliny. Różnica wg testu t-Studenta była statystycznie istotna, gdy p < 0,001. Stwierdzono uwalnianie fosforanów z osadów w warunkach deficytu tlenowego. Jednoczynnikowa analiza ANOVA nie wykazała istotnego zróżnicowania przestrzennego żadnego z mierzonych parametrów. Utworzono średni znormalizowany indeks przestrzenny (MENSI) do porównania danych cechujących się dużą zmiennością czasową pochodzących z różnych regionów. Indeks okazał się użyteczny do ilościowego przedstawienia różnic przestrzennych. Przeprowadzono analizę struktury szeregów czasowych, aby przeanalizować powiązanie cech chemicznych ze zmiennością przestrzenną. Wyodrębniono trzy chemicznie odmienne strefy zbiornika. Badania wykazały, że analiza przestrzenna za pomocą statystyki jednoczynnikowej może nie być odpowiednią metodą w warunkach dużej zmienności czasowej. W takim przypadku należy rozważyć analizę struktury czasowej.

17

Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Forms Content in Dojlidy Retention Reservoir

Oszczapińska K., Skoczko I., Szczykowska J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

|

Vol. 18, nr 1

147--153

EN

The Dojlidy Ponds, which include Dojlidy water dam, are located within Bialystok city limits in Podlasie area, Poland. The reservoir with a water surface of 34 ha and average depth of 1.75 m was constructed in 1962 as a result of Biala River damming. The researches were conducted in July, October and December 2014 as well as in March 2015. Each time five test samples were collected from spots located along the reservoir. Water samples were tested for the presence of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, organic nitrogen, phosphates and organic phosphorus. The values of nutrient indicators exhibited high variability during the study period. The highest concentration of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen were observed in July, while the lowest in October – nitrite nitrogen, and in December – nitrate nitrogen. Different situation was observed after the analysis of phosphorus forms – the highest concentrations of organic phosphorus and phosphates were observed in December and the lowest in July. Relatively high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus forms identified in water samples were most likely caused by tributaries, due to the pollution from the reservoir catchment. Technical parameters of the object and location of the reservoir have undoubtedly an impact on the tested parameters contents.

18

Uwalnianie i usuwanie składników odżywczych z piany osadu czynnego po hybrydowym procesie obróbki wstępnej

Machnicka A., Grübel K.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2017

|

Vol. 18, nr 1

98--104

PL

Jednym z problemów w technologii oczyszczania ścieków jest powstawanie piany/kożucha na powierzchni bioreaktorów osadu czynnego. Niszczenie piany przeprowadza się różnymi sposobami, do których należą także metody dezintegracji. Hybrydowa dezintegracja (rozkład/liza chemiczny i kawitacja hydrodynamiczna) mikroorganizmów piany powoduje uwolnienie fosforu, azotu amonowego, magnezu i potasu z fazy stałej piany do fazy ciekłej. Zastosowanie hybrydowego procesu obróbki wstępnej, spowodowało zwiększenie stężeń fosforanów o ok. 677 mg PO43- L-1 oraz azotu amonowego o ok. 41 mg N-NH4+ L-1. Stężenie jonów Mg2+ w roztworze wzrosło z 6,2 do 31,1 mg Mg2+ L-1, potasu z 22,4 do 102,0 mg K+ L-1. Potwierdzeniem zmian fizykochemicznych i uwalniania substancji komórkowej w wyniku lizy komórek (hybrydowa destrukcja) była analiza w podczerwieni. Wykazano także, że niszczenie piany w wyniku dezintegracji hybrydowej pozwala na uwolnienie substancji pożywkowych i usunięcie ich części z cieczy osadu w postaci struwitu.

EN

One of the problems in wastewater treatment technologies is the formation of foam/scum on the surface of bioreactors. The foam elimination/destruction can be carried out by various methods among which disintegration is included. Hybrid disintegration (chemical decomposition and hydrodynamic cavitation) of the foam microorganisms results in phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, magnesium and potassium transferred from the foam solids into the liquid phase. Application of both methods as a hybrid pre-treatment process caused in an increased concentration of phosphates of about 677 mg PO43- L-1, ammonium nitrogen about 41 mg N- NH4+ L-1. The concentration of Mg2+ and K+ in the solution increased from 6.2 to 31.1 mg Mg2+ L-1and from 22.4 to 102.0 mg K+ L-1, respectively. The confirmation of physicochemical changes and release of cellular matter as a result of cellular lysis (hybrid disintegration) was IR analysis. It was demonstrated that the disintegration of foam permits removal of a part of nutrients in the form of struvite.

19

Określenie zróżnicowania gleby pod względem zawartości metali: Ca, Mg, Zn, K oraz fosforanów na terenie Doliny Kluczwody

Budziwół E., Fornal M., Pączek A.

Analit

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2017

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Nr 3

24--31

PL

Dolina Kluczwody znajduje się na terenie Jury Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej, której charakterystyczną cechą są skały wapienne. Dodatkowo w Dolinie znajdują się jaskinie krasowe i rzadko spotykane lasy grądowe. Badania przeprowadzone na tym obszarze miały na celu porównanie zawartości fosforanów, mikro oraz makroelementów obecnych w glebie w różnych punktach pomiarowych. Dzięki temu możliwa była ocena wpływu działalności człowieka, a także czynników naturalnych na skład analizowanej gleby z tego terenu.

EN

The Kluczwoda Valley is located in the Jura, which geological base is formed on limestone rocks. Additionally, in the Valley there are karst caves and rare woods hail. The laboratory test in this area were designed to compare the content of phosphate, micro and macro elements present in the soil at various sampling points. This allows for the checking of human activities and natural factors on the composition of the analysed soil from the studied area.

20

Ocena stopnia eutrofizacji Jeziora Dobczyckiego na podstawie pomiaru stężenia fosforanów w wodzie zbiornika

Szczepańska D., Turska B., Wyka M., Zielińska M.

Analit

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2017

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Nr 4

64--71

PL

Eutrofizacja jezior jest jednym z najczęstszych antropogenicznych zakłóceń funkcjonowania ekosystemów wodnych. Zjawisko to przejawia się zwiększeniem żyzności akwenu głównie w wyniku nadmiaru związków azotu i fosforu. W artykule skupiono się na wpływie związków fosforu na eutrofizację wody. Obiektem badań było Jezioro Dobczyckie, które zaopatruje w wodę pitną mieszkańców Krakowa i pobliskich gmin, przez co podlega procesowi oczyszczania. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań stężenia fosforanów w poszczególnych etapach uzdatniania wody przy zastosowaniu metody spektrofotometrycznej. Przeprowadzone badanie wykazało, iż stężenie fosforanów w wodzie „surowej” pobranej z jeziora wynosi 0,08 mg dm-3, co wskazuje na niski stopień eutrofizacji. Stwierdzono również, że procesami pozwalającymi usunąć te związki z wody, podczas uzdatniania odbywającego się w ZUW Raba, są koagulacja i filtracja.

EN

The eutrophication of lakes is one of the most common anthropogenic disturbances in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. This phenomenon manifests itself in increasing the abundance of aquifers mainly due to the excess nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The article focuses on the influence of phosphorus compounds on eutrophication of water. The Dobczycki Lake, which supplies drinking water to the inhabitants of Cracow and nearby municipalities, is subject to the purification process. The article presents the results of investigations of phosphate content in various stages of water treatment using the spectrophotometric method. The study showed that the concentration of phosphate in the "raw" water taken from the lake was 0.08 mg dm-3 , which indicates a low level of eutrophication. It has also been found that the processes that allow these compounds to be removed from water during treatment in Raba ZUW are coagulation and filtration.