Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Case study for containerships’ seakeeping performance analysis

Scurtu Ionut Cristian, Popa Catalin, Popa Florentin Daniel

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2025

|

nr 81 (153)

47--56

EN

Seakeeping capabilities represent a crucial aspect of marine hydrodynamics research. Calculating the movements, amplitudes, and accelerations of the ships offers valuable support for assessing and forecasting their safety and security parameters while the ships are in use. While experimental data on ship movements in consistent wave patterns are considered reliable, they also come with high impacting costs. This research is particularly designed to estimate the seakeeping performance by assessing the hydrodynamic response of a 192-meter-long container ship vessel in both regular and irregular waves. The present computational study is focused on predicting the six degrees of freedom responses for a ship at zero speed for different heading angles. Using the panel method within Maxsurf Motions software, RAOs for all degrees of freedom are obtained. In irregular sea simulations, the ITTC spectrum is employed.

2

Unmanned vehicle mobility improvement against ballistic threats during special missions: a simulation study

Nowakowski Marek, Kosiuczenko Krzysztof, Viliš Jindřich

Transport Problems

|

2025

|

T. 20, z. 1

139--151

EN

Implementing unmanned solutions in combat operations transforms battlefield dynamics by minimizing human risks. This study focuses on improving the ballistic protection of key elements in unmanned vehicles to enhance their mobility in hazardous areas. Advancements in unmanned ground vehicle technologies are described. The benefits of developing optionally unmanned vehicles for special purposes are indicated. The high- mobility manned-unmanned TAERO vehicle is introduced, and its structure and parameters are described. Operational limitations arising from potential threats during military missions are identified. Critical components requiring ballistic protection are selected, and the necessary protection levels are defined. Available materials for additional ballistic protection are described in relation to the NATO STANAG 4569 standard, which applies to logistic and light armored vehicles. Numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the protection of key vehicle components using the lightest composite armors. This study is crucial for validating the effectiveness of the selected composite material and ensuring that its implementation meets the required standards for providing the desired level of ballistic protection for unmanned vehicles. The results confirm that the proposed solution improves the TAERO mobility in dangerous zones.

3

Selected aspects of the concept of operating train traffic under the supervision of the ERTMS/ETCS L2 system on high-speed lines based on simulation studies

Pogorzelska-Szcześniak Aneta, Kochan Andrzej, Irlik Maciej, Kostrzewa Piotr, Dubowski Michał, Folęga Piotr

Transport Problems

|

2025

|

T. 20, z. 1

17--28

EN

High-speed railway lines require the establishment of separate rules and regulations for the design and operation of traffic relative to conventional lines. These lines require the use of advanced train protection systems, such as the ERTMS/ETCS Level 2. The functionality, configuration and design capabilities of the indicated system provide opportunities for its development, including its adaptation and performance improvements. The configuration parameters are variables defined for both on-board and trackside equipment and design rules. This article presents the results of simulation studies, which made it possible to study the influence of the set parameters on system performance. In doing so, this study provides an opportunity to establish design and configuration rules for selected aspects of the ETCS.

4

“Voices from the Deck”: Evacuation Effectiveness on Cruise and Passenger Ships through Seafarers’ Perspectives and Literature Analysis

Andreadakis Antonios, Dalaklis Dimitrios

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2025

|

Vol. 19 No. 1

281--288

EN

The effectiveness of cruise/passenger ship evacuation is influenced by multiple factors. This paper investigates the limitations of current evacuation protocols by examining crew training practices, human behavioral and psychological patterns during emergencies, ship design innovations and constraints, as well as factors not under human control such as weather, sea state, and specific type of emergency. Furthermore, it provides a comparative analysis between available literature around various factors that can determine the outcome of a cruise/ passenger ship evacuation, and empirical data obtained from responses of approximately 100 seafarers employed in the cruise and passenger ship industry. Related data revolves around key areas such as drills, ashore training, psychological impact, decision making, evacuation practices and preparedness, and evacuation equipment. Seafarers (along with passengers) are directly and most affected during a ship emergency, therefore uncovering existing regulatory gaps, boosting the safety culture onboard ships, and providing solutions that will enhance the safe evacuation practices (and ultimately save more lives) are clearly actions of priority.

5

Wpływ zakresu napięcia ładowania kondensatora C-dump na parametry napędu SR

Rataj Daniel

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2025

|

R. 101, nr 3

111--114

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu zakresu napięcia ładowania kondensatora w układzie C-Dump na parametry napędu z przełączalnym silnikiem reluktancyjnym (SRM). Badania przeprowadzono w określonych punktach pracy. Analizę oparto o dwa kryteria oceny: uzyskanie maksymalnej moc wyjściowej oraz uzyskanie maksymalnej sprawności napędu. Badania przeprowadzono metodą symulacji dla trójpasmowego silnika SRM o mocy 750 W, zasilanego napięciem sieciowym z układu typu C-Dump. Poprawność wyników obliczeń została zweryfikowana pomiarowo na stanowisku badawczym.

EN

The article presents the results of research on the impact of the capacitor charging voltage range in the C-Dump supply system on the performance parameters of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. The study was conducted at defined operating points. The analysis was based on two evaluation criteria: achieving maximum output power and obtaining maximum drive efficiency. The research was carried out using simulation methods for a three-phase 750 W SRM powered by a mains voltage from a C-Dump system. The accuracy of the simulation results was verified experimentally on a test bench.

6

Modelling of the BLDC motor taking into account various approximations of the back-EMF waveform

Popenda Andrzej

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2025

|

R. 101, nr 1

216--219

EN

Accurate definition of the back-EMF (electromotive force) waveform, which determines the motor torque, is a very important factor in the design of the drive system. This article proposes formulas for the back-EMF approximation defined on the basis of selected examples of measured waveforms. Next, the influence of various approximations on the behaviour of the motor in steady and unsteady states was examined, using the previously developed mathematical model of the BLDC motor.

PL

Dokładne zdefiniowanie przebiegu siły przeciwelektromotorycznej, która określa moment obrotowy silnika, jest bardzo ważnym czynnikiem przy projektowaniu układu napędowego. W tym artykule zaproponowano formuły aproksymacyjne siły przeciwelektromotorycznej zdefiniowane na podstawie przykładowych przebiegów zmierzonych. Następnie zbadano wpływ różnych aproksymacji na zachowanie silnika w stanie ustalonym i nieustalonym, posiłkując się opracowanym wcześniej modelem matematycznym silnika BLDC.

7

Development tests and FEM simulations of maximum load characteristics of medium voltage fuse links

Leśniak Anita, Szewczyk Marcin, Daszczyński Tadeusz, Piekarski Piotr

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2025

|

R. 101, nr 1

37--42

EN

This paper reports on development tests of the maximum load characteristics of medium voltage (MV) fuse links. The ABB motor fuse type CMF (Circuit Motor Fuse) rated at 12kV/200A was dismounted for testing of its link temperature while heating up with a rated current of 200 A. The tests were conducted for a link dismounted from a fuse and for the link mounted in a porcelain casing. The fuse casing containing the link had two options: filled with sand or left empty. While heating up, the temperature was measured on the fuse link in all cases. The tests were aimed at analyzing the impact of the environment on heat transfer from the fuse link to the environment. The tests were motivated by the adverse correlation between the overheating of the fuse links and the process of the fuse aging, which is a primary cause of their failures. The results reported so far are limited to examining the temperature at the fuse fittings and in the center of the porcelain casing. The research reported in this paper contributes to a better understanding of the behavior of the fuse links depending on the surrounding environment to which the heat is dissipated from the fuse links. A Finite Element Method (FEM) model was developed and qualitatively validated against the testing results. The model is suitable for allowing qualitative assessment of the fuse heating in an environment with limited heat exchange.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono badania rozwojowe charakterystyk maksymalnego obciążenia wkładek bezpiecznikowych średniego napięcia (SN). Bezpiecznik silnikowy ABB typu CMF (Circuit Motor Fuse) o napięciu 12kV/200A został zdemontowany w celu sprawdzenia temperatury jego topika podczas nagrzewania prądem znamionowym 200 A. Badania przeprowadzono dla topika zdemontowanego z bezpiecznika oraz dla osadzonego w porcelanowej obudowie. Badania wykonano dla dwóch układów: bezpiecznik wypełniony piaskiem lub pusty. Podczas nagrzewania we wszystkich przypadkach mierzono temperaturę na wkładce bezpiecznikowej jak i topiku. Badania miały na celu analizę wpływu otoczenia na przenikanie ciepła z wkładki topikowej do otoczenia. Motywacją do przeprowadzenia badań była negatywna korelacja pomiędzy przegrzaniem wkładek bezpiecznikowych a procesem starzenia się bezpieczników, który jest pierwotną przyczyną ich awarii. Dotychczasowe wyniki ograniczają się do badania temperatury na obudowach bezpieczników i w środku porcelanowej obudowy. Badania przedstawione w tym artykule przyczyniają się do lepszego zrozumienia zachowania wkładek topikowych w zależności od otaczającego środowiska, do którego odprowadzane jest ciepło z wkładek topikowych. Opracowano model metody elementów skończonych (MES), który poddano walidacji jakościowej w oparciu o wyniki testów. Model umożliwia jakościową ocenę nagrzewania się bezpiecznika w środowisku o ograniczonej wymianie ciepła.

8

Comparison of elastic drive shaft models

Popenda Andrzej, Nowak Marcjan

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2025

|

R. 101, nr 2

88--92

EN

As part of this work, a computer simulation of the operation of an electromechanical system consisting of an electric motor coupled to a working machine via an elastic drive shaft was carried out. The simulation tests conducted and the test results obtained made it possible to compare the dynamics of the abovementioned electromechanical system represented by the same model of an electric motor and different models of the working mechanism, consisting of an elastic drive shaft and a load torque setter. In the simulation tests, the following models were considered for the elastic drive shaft: a distributed-parameter model based on the transmission line equations and lumped-parameter models, including multi-mass and two-mass models.

PL

W ramach tej pracy przeprowadzono komputerową symulację działania układu elektromechanicznego składającego się z silnika elektrycznego sprzężonego z maszyną roboczą za pośrednictwem sprężystego wału napędowego. Przeprowadzone badania symulacyjne i uzyskane wyniki badań pozwoliły na porównanie dynamiki ww. układu elektromechanicznego reprezentowanego przez ten sam model silnika elektrycznego i różne modele mechanizmu roboczego, składającego się ze sprężystego wału napędowego i zadajnika momentu obciążenia. W badaniach symulacyjnych uwzględniono następujące modele sprężystego wału napędowego: model o rozłożonych parametrach oparty na równaniach linii przesyłowej oraz modele o parametrach skupionych, w tym modele wielomasowe i dwumasowe.

9

Systemy transportowe i logistyczne: od teorii do innowacyjnych rozwiązań praktycznych – Katedra Systemów Transportowych L-6

Kubek Daniel, Ciastoń-Ciulkin Aleksandra, Dudek Mariusz

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2025

|

R. 96, nr 3

41--43

PL

Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie rozwoju Katedry Systemów Transportowych, jej interdyscyplinarnego charakteru oraz roli w kształtowaniu nowoczesnych rozwiązań transportowych i logistycznych łączących teorię z praktyką. Opisano genezę jednostki, zakres współpracy z administracją i przemysłem, a także działania na rzecz zrównoważonego transportu i logistyki. W dalszej części zaprezentowano najważniejsze osiągnięcia naukowe katedry – w tym obrony doktoratów, a także uczestnictwo w międzynarodowych projektach badawczych. Artykuł kończy podsumowanie wpływu jednostki na rozwój wiedzy oraz wdrażanie innowacyjnych rozwiązań w praktyce transportowej i logistycznej, wskazując jednocześnie na znaczenie kształcenia i aktywizacji studentów.

EN

The aim of this publication is to present the development of the Department of Transport Systems, its interdisciplinary nature, and its role in shaping modern transport and logistics solutions that integrate theory with practice. The article outlines the unit’s origins, its collaboration with public authorities and industry, as well as its efforts to support sustainable transport and logistics. It also highlights the Department’s key scientific achievements, including defended doctoral dissertations and participation in international research projects. The publication concludes with a summary of the Department’s impact on knowledge advancement and the implementation of innovative solutions in transport and logistics practice, while emphasizing the importance of education and student engagement.

10

System doradczy przy betonowaniu w obniżonej temperaturze

Karłowski Andrzej, Pasławski Jerzy

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2025

|

R. 96, nr 2

54--56

PL

W artykule przedstawiono system COLCON oparty o monitoring temperatury we wczesnej fazie dojrzewania mieszanki betonowej z zastosowaniem wielopoziomowego podejmowania decyzji na 3 zasadniczych poziomach (i w wielu etapach): planowaniu opartym na współczynnikach sezonowości, eliminacji efektów zakłóceń z wykorzystaniem elastyczności biernej (odporności) poprzez zastosowanie odpowiednich modyfikacji mieszanki betonowej oraz elastyczności czynnej (adaptacyjności) – uwzględniając możliwości sterowania nagrzewem elementu w oparciu o monitoring, prognozę pogody i symulację procesu narastania wytrzymałości betonu w przypadku zaistnienia scenariusza pesymistycznego. Opracowany system został wykorzystany podczas badań laboratoryjnych i na budowie, a zebrane dane posłużyły do generowania reguł decyzyjnych w oparciu o uczenie się z przykładów z wykorzystaniem specjalistycznego oprogramowania RapidMiner z zastosowaniem algorytmów Decision Tree oraz Random Forest.

EN

The article presents the COLCON system, which is based on temperature monitoring during the early stage of concrete mix curing, using multi-level decision-making on three fundamental levels (and in multiple stages): planning based on seasonality coefficients, eliminating disturbance effects through the use of passive flexibility (resilience) by applying appropriate modifications to the concrete mix, and active flexibility (adaptability) – taking into account the possibility of controlling the heating of the element based on monitoring, weather forecasting, and simulation of the concrete strength development process in the event of a pessimistic scenario. The developed system was used in laboratory tests and on a construction site, and the collected data served to generate decision rules based on learning from examples using specialized RapidMiner software, employing Decision Tree and Random Forest algorithms.

11

Analiza wytrzymałościowa luf konstrukcji wzmocnionej i niewzmocnionej stosowanych w broni strzeleckiej wybranych kalibrów. Część IV. Symulacje numeryczne

Dąbrowski Bartłomiej, Magier Mariusz, Sweklej Paweł

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

|

2025

|

R. 54, z. 172

7--23

PL

Celem pracy była realizacja dwóch głównych zadań badawczych. Pierwszym było zaprojektowanie sześciu luf w trzech kalibrach: 5,56x45 NATO, 7,62x51 NATO oraz 12,7x99 NATO. Dla każdego kalibru zaprojektowano po dwie lufy: jedną niewzmocnioną oraz drugą wzmocnioną płaszczem. Drugim zadaniem było wykonanie symulacji komputerowych wytrzymałości luf z wykorzystaniem metody elementów skończonych, na podstawie których dokonano porównania obliczeń wytrzymałościowych analitycznych i numerycznych oraz sformułowano wnioski. Część IV obejmuje symulacje numeryczne w środowisku programu Ansys 2023 R2 wszystkich wariantów analizowanych luf.

EN

The work was focused on two main objectives of research. The first one concerned the designing of six barrels with three calibres: 5.56x45 NATO, 7.62x51 NATO, and 12.7x99 NATO. Two barrels were designed for each calibre: one unreinforced and the second one with reinforcing coat. The second objective concerned the execution of computer simulation over the resistance of barrels using the method of finite elements, and the comparison of numerical and analytical strength calculations, and formulation of conclusions. The 4th part includes numerical simulations in the environment of software Ansys 2023 R2 for all variants of barrels.

12

Everyone is different, but does it matter? : the role of heterogeneity in empirically grounded agent-based models of alternative fuel vehicles diffusion

Jędrzejewski Arkadiusz, Kowalska-Pyzalska Anna, Pawłowski Jakub, Sznajd-Weron Katarzyna

Operations Research and Decisions

|

2025

|

Vol. 35, No. 1

45--80

EN

There is a large literature on agent-based models (ABMs) to study the diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). Potentially, ABMs could be used to design policies that effectively promote AFVs. Unfortunately, ABMs have several drawbacks related to their complexity – models that are too simple are unrealistic, and models that are too complicated are difficult to describe, verify, and validate. Here we investigate what level of complexity is needed. We focus on the issue of heterogeneity because it is one of the biggest advantages of ABMs, but also one of the main sources of complexity. We begin with a brief review of ABMs for AFV diffusion. We then generalize an empirically grounded ABM of AFVs to analyze the role of different types of heterogeneity related to individual characteristics and social network structure. We show that most of these heterogeneities do not affect the outcome of the model. To facilitate replication of our results, we describe the model and its calibration to empirical data in detail. We also provide a link to a public GitHub repository where the code files, empirical data, and scripts are uploaded to analyze the results.

13

Practical aspects of using AnyLogic and FlexSim to simulate concrete mix deliveries

Dziadosz Agnieszka, Jóźwiak Julianna, Rejment Mariusz

Materiały Budowlane

|

2025

|

nr 9

31--37

EN

Managing the supply chain of building materials is one of the most important elements of the organization of construction works. When planning the supply of building materials, many factors should be taken into account, including: production time, delivery date, transport distance, storage locations, time and method of unloading and storage conditions of a given material. In the article, the authors presented numerous benefits and minor inconveniences of using the simulation of concrete mix deliveries to a real construction site using two computer programs: AnyLogic and FlexSim.

PL

Zarządzanie łańcuchem dostaw materiałów budowlanych jest jednym z istotnych elementów organizacji robót budowlanych. W trakcie planowania dostaw należy brać pod uwagę wiele czynników, takich jak: czas produkcji, termin dostawy, odległość transportu i miejsca składowania, czas i sposób rozładunku oraz warunki przechowywania danego materiału. W artykule przedstawiono liczne korzyści oraz drobne niedogodności wynikające z symulacji dostaw mieszanki betonowej na rzeczywisty plac budowy z wykorzystaniem dwóch programów komputerowych AnyLogic oraz FlexSim.

14

Machining of Printed Circuit Boards Using an Industrial Robot in a Simulation Environment

Komák Martin, Pivarčiová Elena, Herčút Patrik

Management Systems in Production Engineering

|

2025

|

nr 3 (33)

433-442

EN

This paper is devoted to the design, simulation, and optimization of a robotic cell designed to machining printed circuit boards (PCBs) using a stationary milling machine mounted on an industrial robot. The main goal was to create a digital model of the production workplace in the RobotStudio environment, which allows testing robot movements, program logic, and functional arrangement of the entire system prior to physical implementation. The use of offline programming reduces costs and risks, enables rapid tuning of robot paths, and minimizes collision states. An important part of the design was the creation of a custom gripper made by 3D printing. This gripper combines vacuum suction cups with pneumatic clamping, which allows gentle manipulation of PCBs without damaging electronic components. The created cell model includes a conveyor system, a milling machine, a protective Plexiglas cover, and a camera to recognize PCB types. The simulation confirmed the functionality of the entire cycle, the optimized length of which is 56.58 s. The results show the potential of digital design for automated manufacturing cells and open the space for future research in the field of effectors, advanced control, and artificial intelligence in industrial automation.

15

Designing a decentralized reverse logistics system for waste management

Gheibi Arash, Rassafi Amir Abbas

LogForum

|

2025

|

Vol. 21, no 3

347--359

EN

Background: Reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills requires maximizing the reuse of materials, which in turn depends on effective waste segregation at the source. Once segregated, waste can be efficiently collected through a reverse logistics system (RLS). The need for improved segregation, collection, and recycling underscores the importance of innovative solutions. Methods: This study proposes an approach to modernizing conventional RLSs using blockchain technology. The approach was simulated using NetLogo agent-based modeling software, and its performance is compared to traditional RLSs. The "blockchain-based" system can implement policies to increase waste segregation at the source and leverage smart contracts to enhance automation and operational efficiency. Results: The proposed system achieved exceptional performance, with an average failure rate of less than 2% for collecting segregated waste. In contrast, traditional systems left approximately 45% of segregated waste uncollected. By providing clear information on the location and quantity of segregated waste, the system enables optimized fleet allocation to ensure near-complete collection. Additionally, the approach demonstrates strong adaptability, maintaining operational stability even during sudden fluctuations in waste supply. Conclusions: The blockchain-based RLS offers superior transparency, security, and efficiency compared to conventional systems. Its ability to achieve near-complete waste collection while maintaining high automation positions it as a promising, sustainable solution for modern waste management.

16

Valorisation and management of water resources using hydrogeological modelling and GIS : Case of Mougheul aquifer

Bekhira Abdelghani, Habi Mohammed, Morsli Boutkhil, Bendida Ali, Merzougui Touhami, Amri Sarra

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2025

|

no. 65

45--54

EN

Groundwater level measurement is of fundamental importance in hydrogeology. Besides, the groundwater level of the aquifer can be used for several purposes including a hydrograph plot, together with the construction of a piezometric map which is necessary in order to know the extension of the groundwater, the direction and the velocity of the flow of groundwater, as well as the area of accumulation thereof. In actual fact, hydrodynamic modelling is a tool to model groundwater flow in the studied area. Nonetheless, this modelling will make it possible to visualise the zones where the water circulates more quickly or more slowly, as well as the zones where there is a recharge or a discharge of the water table. In light of this, the results showed the direction of water movement from the northeast to the southwest with a weak slope, which suggests a slow speed in the water. Likewise, they alike demonstrated a change in the height of the water in the groundwater from 1,073 m in the northeast to 973 m in the southwest, the fact of which confirms that the areas of its accumulation are in the south of the basin, whilst the feeding areas are in the north of the basin.

17

Simulation of the Effective Distribution of Biofuel Droplets in a Reacting Flow

Askarova Aliya, Bolegenova Saltanat, Ospanova Shynar, Bolegenova Karlygash, Nurmukhanova Alfiya

Journal of Machine Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 25, No. 2

123--137

EN

This work is devoted to developing a universal model of atomization and combustion of biofuel droplets using a statistical approach and a particle trajectory tracking model. The model applies to all types of biodiesel used in internal combustion engines with direct injections and is designed to optimize combustion processes, reduce emissions, and improve engine efficiency. Based on mathematical equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, as well as numerical methods for calculating complex turbulent flows and the droplet atomization process, complex computational experiments were carried out using modern technologies. Research has shown that biodiesel has higher combustion temperatures and better evaporation characteristics compared to diesel fuel, which helps to reduce carbon oxides and soot emissions. The results of modeling the effect of pressure in the combustion chamber on the combustion process showed that its increase reduces soot emissions and promotes more complete fuel combustion. Visualization of aerodynamic and temperature profiles confirms the high efficiency of biodiesel combustion, especially under high temperature and pressure conditions.

18

Numerical solutions, stability, and chaos control of atangana-baleanu variable-order derivatives in glucose-insulin dynamics

Saber Sayed, Mirgani Safa M.

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics

|

2025

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

44--55

EN

Using Atangana-Baleanu fractional variable-order derivatives, this article investigates the impact of memory effects on glucose-insulin dynamics. The uniqueness and boundedness of solutions are established using fixed-point theory. By adjusting the fractional derivative order, different chaotic behaviors can be observed. An Atangana-Baleanu fractional framework is used to analyze Hyers-Ulam stability using the Sumudu transform. Through linear controllers, the Atangana-Baleanu fractional chaotic system can be synchronized, achieving equilibrium. This control mechanism could be beneficial to diabetes management, such as insulin pumps that regulate insulin in real time based on glucose levels. By controlling Atangana-Baleanu fractional order chaos, glucose-insulin regulation could be improved.

19

Numerical simulation of nuclear blast wave impact on protective elements of anthropogenic structures

Kosiuczenko Krzysztof

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

|

2025

|

Nr 1

12--22

EN

The paper presents the use of LS-DYNA software for numerical simulation of nuclear blast wave effects on protective structures. Brode's function was employed for blast wave modeling, and the Johnson-Cook material model was used to describe steel behavior. The results indicate the effectiveness of combining empirical methods with advanced numerical models in analyzing these types of phenomena.

20

Error analysis of digital filters using fixed point arithmetic

Wirski Robert, Poczekajło Paweł

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

|

2025

|

Vol. 71, No. 3

22

EN

Based on an electrocardiogram filter, measurement methods of magnitude and phase responses, quantization and overflow errors, as well as limit circles in digital filters for fixed number representation are presented. A computer library for SCILAB has been created to simplify simulations. Direct form II, cascade, and rotation structures performance has been compared. It has been shown that there is no the best structure but the rotation one is superior to classical structures except for quantization errors. However, due to its low overflow errors, quantization noise can be further minimised by relocation of integer bits to fractional part of fixed point number representation.