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1

Effect of proline and humic acid application in salinity stress mitigation on some vegetables in hydroponics

Abd-Elhakim Ahmed I.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

142--152

EN

The research aimed to find suitable solutions to reduce the salinity stress of irrigation water for some types of vegetables in hydroponics under two drip and mist irrigation systems. The different concentrations of NaCl for irrigation water, are 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ppm used. Proline (30 mg∙dm -3), humic acid (300 mg∙dm -3) and compared without any from them were used to study their effect on the yield, and water use efficiency. The results indicated that the highest spinach and courgette yield (4.657 and 5.153 kg∙m -2) was observed for the DP500 treatment, and the lowest yield (0.348 and 0.634 kg∙m -2) was observed for the SW4000 treatment, respectively. The use of humic acid led to an increased yield on average by about 16.8 and 19.3% for spinach, and 39.4 and 51.7% for courgette, under drip and mist irrigation, respectively. Using proline led to an increased average yield of about 32.9 and 33% for spinach, and 51.8 and 58.4% for courgette, under drip and mist irrigation, respectively. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) of spinach and courgette (43.1 and 51.5 kg∙m -3) was observed for the DP500 treatment, and the lowest (3.2 and 6.3 kg∙m -3) was observed for the SW4000 treatment. According to our study, the use of proline and humic acid could compensate for the adverse effects of salinity under mist spraying more than drip irrigation.

2

Ecological assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals due to the application of mineral fertilisers

Suleimenova Naziya, Togisbayeva Ainura, Orynbasarova Gulnar, Kuandykova Elnara, Yerekeyeva Svetlana

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

74--80

EN

The article presents the results of monitoring the aftereffect of the use of excessive zonal doses of mineral fertilisers on soil contamination with heavy metals (HM). With traditional soybean cultivation technology, the level of soil contamination when applying excessive doses (N60 P180 K90) of fertilisers is quite high and indicates violations of the ecological balance of the agroecosystem. By the nature of the accumulation of heavy metals in meadow-chestnut soil, depending on the application of the studied doses (P60 K30, N30 P60 K30, N60 P180K90) of fertiliser, the content of HM (Pb, Zn, Cd) increases. The greatest contamination of the soil with Cu was revealed, the content of which increases to 3.2 mg∙kg-1 of soil, which is higher than the threshold of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) - 3.0 mg∙kg-1. According to the level of contamination of the soil with copper, it belongs to the highly dangerous classes. In a comparative assessment of the level of soil contamination with HM, optimal norms of mineral fertilisers have been established, namely, against the background of effective resource-saving technology for growing soybeans. The application of fertilisers at a dose of P60 K30 and N30 P60 K30 does not significantly affect the level of soil contamination with HM, optimises the ecological state and nutrient regime of the soil, preserves and restores soil fertility indicators, and increases soybean productivity. This resource-saving technology provides a safe environment for soybean cultivation and a significant increase of 34.5-38.6% in crop productivity (0.53-0.76 Mg∙ha-1) and yield (2.57 Mg∙ha-1).

3

On the yield surface of a typical bending-dominant periodic lattice metamaterial

Wang Yongjun, Liu Jinxing

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2023

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Vol. 61 nr 1

175--187

EN

A theoretical method for analyzing the initial yield of a typical bending-dominant peri- odic lattice (BDPL) is established. Based on the principle of strain energy equivalence, the macroscopic effective stiffnesses of lattices are calculated. An empirical formula is employed to consider the contributions of both the axial force and bending moment. The initial yield surface of BDPL can be figured out by comparing the effective stress of each strut to the yield strength of the matrix material. The method is applicable to various BDPLs, which we believe is a helpful extension to the method for lattices comprising axial-tension bars in the literature.

4

Yield and Quality Improvement of Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica L.) by Utilizing Agricultural Waste

Sembiring Gitta Malinda, Karyawati Anna Satyana, Maghfoer Mochammad Dawam

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

163--171

EN

Curly kale has a high nutritional content that benefits the human body’s health. This plant appeals to many individuals. Using agricultural waste processed by fermentation to produce liquid organic fertilizer is an effective option for safe products and can reduce the hydroponic cultivation cost of curly kale. This study aimed to investigate liquid organic fertilizer application technology from various agricultural wastes, vinasse, leucanea leaves, and banana peels. These waste materials are additional hydroponic nutrients close to the hydroponic nutrients (AB Mix) that can increase the yield and quality of curly kale plants. Using a randomized block design, this study involved conducting ten treatments repeated three times from April to June 2022 at the screen house of Villa Puncak Tidar, Malang. The study found that the nutritional composition of AB Mix 75% + (25% LOF Vinasse + Banana Peels + Leucaena leaves) had results close to the shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and shoot root ratio of the 100% AB Mix treatment. The total chlorophyll content approaching the 100% AB Mix treatment results was the AB Mix 75% + (25% LOF Vinasse + Banana Peels) treatment. The AB Mix 50% + (50% LOF Vinasse + Banana Peels) treatment produced the highest levels of antioxidants and showed an increase of 15.79%, compared to the 100% AB Mix treatment of 67.63%.

5

The Effects of Various Organic Materials on Dactylis glomerata Yield and Content of Selected Macroelements

Malinowska Elżbieta, Wiśniewska-Kadżajan Beata, Ostaszewska Urszula, Horaczek Tomasz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

108--118

EN

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of various organic materials on Dactylis glomerata yield, on the content of selected macroelements (K, Ca and Mg) and on K:Ca, K:Mg and K:(Ca + Mg) ratios. As a valuable forage plant, Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot grass) is a common grass in Poland both in grassland and in arable fields. Its rapid spring growth and its resistance to drought, low temperatures, but also to frequent mowing and pests, makes it a common species in meadows, pastures and grassland, both permanent and alternating. In order to achieve the research goal, a three-year pot experiment was established in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in a completely random design, in four replications. In the autumn before the experiment, soil was mixed with organic materials (chicken manure, mushroom substrate and rye straw) and put into pots. To selected units, an additional amount of mineral N was applied in the first year and NPK fertilizers in consecutive years. Mineral fertilizers were applied at the beginning of the growing period. Compared to control, the application of mineral and organic fertilizers resulted in a significant increase in Dactylis glomerata yield. The highest biomass yield (average over the growing periods) was recorded on the unit treated with manure, straw and mineral fertilizers (27.64 g•pot-1) and on the one with mushroom substrate applied together with rye straw and mineral fertilizers (26.47 g•pot-1). The K:(Ca+Mg) ratio in the forage was normal and averaged 0.933, but mineral fertilizers, compared to other treatments, narrowed it.

6

Studies on Cucumber Production Using Substrate Culture under North Sinai Conditions

Abd El-Baset Ashraf Ali

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

40--53

EN

A wide range of soilless cultivation techniques have been developed and introduced for intensive cropping systems and for boosting the crop yield of many vegetables, mainly in greenhouses. Adoption of some local natural by-products to be utilized as a substrate growing medium to overcome soil-related problems appeared to be a promising project. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted at the Baloza Experimental Station of the Desert Research Center (DRC), North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, during the two consecutive winter growing seasons of 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. These experiments aimed to investigate the effects of seven growing substrate culture treatments of separated or mixed sand obtained from sand dunes and date palm tree residues (Karenna) on plant vegetative growth, flowering, fruit yield and quality traits, and fruit nutritional values of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) Filial-1 hybrid 1101. Crop evapotranspiration reference (ETc) and water use efficiency (WUE), as well as treatment feasibility, were also studied. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. The obtained results strongly indicated that growing substrate media containing 25% sand (S) from sand dunes mixed with 75% grinded Karenna (Kg) of date palm (1 S + 3 Kg) significantly recorded the superiority of all studied characters of plant vegetative growth, number of flowers, fruit set, yield and its components, as well as fruit N, P and K contents, compared with other growing substrate medium treatments. On the contrary, the worst values of all studied parameters were achieved when sand was used alone (100% S) as a growing media. Furthermore, the highest water use efficiency and net income values were also attained by the 1 S + 3 Kg media treatment relative to the other growing substrate medium treatments.

7

The Effect of Fertilisation and Plant Care Practices on the Yield Structure of Black Currant

Polunina Oleksandra, Sharapaniuk Olha, Melnyk Yurii, Zabolotnyi Oleksandr, Cherneha Andrii, Voitovska Viktoriia, Mostoviak Ivan, Lozinska Anna, Prykhodko Vitalii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

141--147

EN

The article is focused on the influence of fertilisation and plant care on the productivity of the black currant variety ‘Siuita Kyivska’. Black currant was planted on the Rodnikovka Experimental Farm of the Uman State Agrarian University. Better conditions for the development of such signs as the number of clusters per shrub and the length of a cluster were provided under the application of mineral fertilisation as a background and foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5%, maintaining of interrow space as clean fallow and mulching plants in the row with straw. The best characteristics of clusters were obtained with N60P90K90 as background fertilisation. Foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% resulted in an increased (by 251.2−299.8) number of clusters per plant and longer (by 0.60−0.80 cm) clusters. A combination of clean fallow and application of Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation resulted in lower indicators of the fruit weight in a cluster compared to the control. This means that the yield structure of black currant under the effect of fertilisation and plant care changes towards an increase in the number of clusters, thereby reducing the number of fruits and the weight of fruits from one cluster. It was also found that foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation contributed to an increase in the yield of black currant. In the treatment with clean fallow between rows and mulching plants in rows, application of fertiliser Riverm 3% or 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation N60P90K90, the yield of fruits was 13.1 t/ha.

8

Research of Some Varieties of Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare), EU Region, Redimenets in the Agroecological Conditions of Kosovo

Shala Nexhdet, Hoxha Ibrahim, Dreshaj Adem, Sejfijaj Osman

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

19--25

EN

The object of the study are 6 varieties of spring barley from the region and the EU: Tunika, Ortega, Josefina, Astor, Jaran Askona. The plots where parameters for two different agro-climatic areas and pedological differences are researched are: Dukagjini field in Pejë. The research of the Agricultural Institute of Kosovo and the Kosovo Plain, as in Pestovo, which is privately owned land, in Kosovo. Barley is a strategic crop which is planted every year on an area of 5000–10000 ha. The average yield realized during the last years is about 2.5 t/ha. The agroclimatic and pedological data of Kosovo, compared to the yields obtained in barley culture, show that the genetic potential of barley production is great. Kosovo has an area of 1.1 million ha, of which 53 percent is under cultivation, 41 percent from forests. About 88% of agricultural land is privately owned, while the rest is owned by social enterprises. Of the 577,000 ha of agricultural land, about 300,000 ha are planted with agricultural crops. Cereals are cultivated on 44% of the surface, of which wheat 45%, corn 44%, oats 8%, barley 3% and rye less than 1%.

9

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Biological Plant Protection on Sunflower Productivity under Different Cenosis Density under the Non-Irrigated Conditions of the Steppe Zone

Domaratskiy Yevhenii, Kovalenko Oleh, Kachanova Tetiana, Pichura Vitalii, Zadorozhnii Yurii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

45--54

EN

The purpose of the article was to determine how foliar treatments of plants with environmentally friendly combined-action substances affect the yield of new sunflower hybrids under non-irrigated conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe zone. The field experiments were conducted in 2021–2022 on the experimental field of the Mykolaiv State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine under non-irrigated conditions on southern chernozem. The humus content in the arable soil layer was 2.90%, the depth of the humus layer was 0–30 cm, and the transitional layer was 30–60 cm. The research was conducted by establishing a three-factor field experiment, where factor A was sunflower hybrids of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine - Vyrii, Yarylo, Blysk, Yaskravy and Epikur; factor B – different plant densities (30, 40 and 50 thousand/ha) and factor C – treatment of vegetative plants in the phase of budding with substances of biological origin (Helafit Combi, Organic Balance and Biocomplex BTU). The field experiment was located on the winter wheat forecrop. Fertilizers were applied during the main cultivation at a dose of N30P30K30. Sowing was carried out with a row spacing of 70 cm in the last decade of April. Yield accounting and the evaluation of the crop structure were carried out by manual threshing of plants selected from the accounting area of the test plots and recalculation by 8% seed moisture. From the results of observations, it was found that the foliar treatments of sunflowers with environmentally friendly combined-action substances contributed to the prolongation of the interphase periods in the second half of the growing season of all studied hybrids. Treatment of plants with environmentally friendly substances helped to reduce the level of damage to all hybrids by pathogenic microflora, the highest fungicidal efficacy was observed in Hela Fit Combi and Organic Balance. All hybrids formed the highest yields at a density of 40 thousand units/ha. Dense plantings up to 50 thousand units/ha were inferior in yield to the ones with a planting density of 40 thousand units/ha and were almost at the same level as the ones with 30 thousand units/ha. Hybrids Yarylo, Epikur and Yaskravy were significantly inferior in productivity; however, their foliar treatments also had a similar tendency to increase their productivity.

10

Biostimulating extracts from Arctium lappa L. as ecological additives in soybean seed coating applications

Szparaga Agnieszka

Agricultural Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 27, No. 1

1--10

EN

This paper proposes a new biostimulant coating for soybean seeds. The aim of the study was to create a coating for Glycine max (L.) Merr. soybean seeds, using root infusion from Arctium lappa L. as a biostimulant component. The effectiveness of the produced coating was evaluated in a three-year field study. The analysis of the effectiveness of the developed coating was based on the evaluation of plant biometric traits and yield. The study showed that the designed and manufactured soybean seed coating based on the root infusion of Arctium lappa L. can be considered as a new agronomic strategy to improve the productivity of soybean Glicyne max (L.) Merr. under actual field conditions. The application of the biostimulant coating resulted in soybean plants with significantly increased biometric traits (plant height, height of the first pod set, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod) and productivity (yield improvement of more than 10%). Only a reduced weight of 1,000 seeds compared to control samples was noted.

PL

W pracy zaproponowano nową powłokę biostymulującą dla nasion soi. Celem badań było stworzenie powłoki dla nasion soi Glycinemax (L.) Merr. z wykorzystaniem naparu z korzenia Arctium lappa L. jako komponentu biostymulującego. Skuteczność wytworzonej powłoki oceniono w trzyletnich badaniach polowych. Analizę efektywności opracowanej powłoki oparto na ocenie cech biometrycznych roślin oraz plonu. Badania wykazały, że zaprojektowana i wyprodukowana powłoka do nasion soi na bazie naparu z korzenia Arctium lappa L. może być traktowana jako nowa strategia agronomiczna poprawiająca produktywność soi Glicyne max (L.) Merr. w rzeczywistych warunkach polowych. W wyniku zastosowania powłoki biostymulującej uzyskano rośliny soi o istotnie zwiększonych cechach biometrycznych (wysokość roślin, wysokość osadzenia pierwszego strąka, liczba strąków na roślinie, liczba nasion w strąku) i produktywności (poprawa plonu o ponad 10%). Odnotowano jedynie obniżoną masę 1000 nasion w stosunku do prób kontrolnych.

11

Variation in Growth and Yield of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.) under Different Ecological Regions in Vietnam

Van Quang Vu, Thi Ngoc Yen Pham, Thi Tram Nguyen, Van Muoi Nguyen, Van Thanh Le, Thi Bich Ngoc Vu, Thi Bich Hong Nguyen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

162--169

EN

The sacha inchi seeds (Plukenetia Volubilis L.), collected from different ecological regions of Vietnam (the Northern Mountainous region, the North Central region, and Central Highlands Area), were sown in the spring crop (March 2020) in Gia Lam district, Hanoi city, Vietnam. The variety S18 was copyrighted by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Developmentof Vietnam in 2019 as a special medicinal plant variety. During the period of 26 months after planting, the agronomical parameters, growth and development characteristics (leaf form, number of inflorescences per branches, number of female flowers per inflorescences, etc.), pests and diseases, yields and yield components (number of seeds per fruit, seed weight, seed grain, etc.), ratio of kernel per seed and ratio of oil per seed were evaluated. The evaluation results show that the collected sacha inchi lines have a time from sowing to flowering and fruiting of 108–125 days, a fruiting to ripening of 123–125 days, and a time from sowing to harvesting the first batch of 244–250 days. The annual harvest is carried out at two main times: May–June and November–January. The actual yield of the first two periods is high (2.66–3.07 tons per hectare), and the highest yield is collected in the Northern Mountainous area is 3.07 tons per hectare (in Tuyen Quang province), while and 3.01 tons per hectare are collected in the North Central region (in Thanh Hoa province). In the nursery, root rot caused 2.1–5.3% deaths and green wilt caused 3.1–4.8% deaths of seedlings. In the planting garden, fruit borers, stem borers, cavity worms and red spiders were discovered, causing more serious damage than other types (from 5 to over 50%). The results of evaluation of growth, development, yield components and yield showed that the sacha inchi lines collected in the North Central region (in Thanh Hoa province) and the Northern Mountainous region (in Tuyen Quang province) is the best.

12

The Effect of Loss of the Most Fertile Agricultural Land on the Reduced Productivity of Strategic Commodities – Case Study

Szturc Jan, Podhrázská Jana, Kučera Josef

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

53--60

EN

This report presents an analysis of productivity trends in a suburban beet-producing region impacted by the loss of agricultural land by land claims. The analysis was conducted in the model cadastral locality of Dolní Heršpice. In order to calculate the potential production of agricultural crops, the authors selected one sowing structure that has been applied starting from 1950 until present. The choice of particular crop succession was based on the exemplary sowing structure for beet-producing regions provided by the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. The calculation of the potential production of agricultural crops was divided into three time intervals, 1950-1990, 1990-2006, and 2006-2019. In the period from 1950 to 2019, the studied locality underwent a loss of arable land of 145.19 ha. The yield in a particular time interval was derived from the selected sowing procedure and subsequently recalculated to the surface area of the lost arable land. The results show that in the time interval 1950-1990, the produced agricultural crops could have reached a total of 26,975.28 tons. In the period 1990-2006, the yield of crops could be 5,598.85 tons, and in the period 2006-2019, a total of 8,423.6 tons of agricultural crops could have been achieved in the studied locality. The total yield for the entire monitored period could represent 40,997.50 tons of agricultural crops. The productivity by hectare oriented cultivation in all the monitored time intervals to prevailing sugar beet and potatoes. The analysis was compared with the statistical data on the development of sowing areas, production and yields of the monitored crops in the Czech Republic. The presented study documents the trend of arable land loss and potential threat of insufficient production, particularly in the case of strategic commodities such as sugar beet in beet-producing regions.

13

Optimization of Water Consumption of High-Oleic Sunflower Hybrids under Non-Irrigated Conditions of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Domaratskiy Yevhenii, Kozlova Olga, Dobrovol'skiy Andrey, Bazaliy Valerii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 6

14--21

EN

The article is devoted to highlighting the results of field studies conducted during 2019–2021 on the influence of multifunctional growth-regulating drugs with a fungicidal effect Architecttm and Helafit Combi on the productivity and optimization of water consumption of high-oleic sunflower hybrids in non-irrigated conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The study was carried out under non-irrigated conditions in the experimental field of the “Mykolaiv DSDS IZZ NAAS” state institution of Ukraine (GPS: 46.980168, 32.148075) on southern low-humus chernozems. The program of scientific research provided for the foundation of a two – factor field experiment, in which sunflower hybrids were studied, namely Hector and Oplot (originator-V. Y. Yuryev Institute of crop production); DSL403 and P64GE133 (manufacturer Corteva, Brevant) and 8X477KL (manufacturer Dow Seeds). In the experiment, multifunctional growth – regulating preparations of chemical origin, i.e. Architecttm, and biological origin, i.e. Helafit Combi, were used. They were introduced in the form of foliar treatments of sunflower hybrids in the Phase 6–8 of real leaves with a rate of 1 l/ha. The weather conditions in 2019–2021 can be classified as medium – arid, typical for this growing zone, but the most favorable year was 2021. As for the temperature indicators, the average monthly air temperature for the study years was higher than the corresponding long-term average data. The results of three-year field studies showed that foliar treatments of sunflower hybrids of high-oleic type with Architect and Helafit Combi multifunctional preparations had a positive effect on improving growing conditions and increasing plant resistance to stress from high temperatures and lack of moisture. The study preparations contribute to a more economical use of soil moisture for the formation of a crop unit, as evidenced by a decrease in the water consumption coefficient for all the studied hybrids. The lowest water consumption coefficient of 1283 m3/t was found in the P64GE133 hybrid under the conditions of treatment of sunflower plants with a Helafit Combi combined preparation of biological origin. Foliar treatment of plants with combined growth-regulating preparations led to optimization of water consumption of agrocenosis in general.

14

Influence of Growth Regulators with Anti–Stress Activity on Productivity Parameters of Sinapis alba L.

Butenko Sergey, Melnyk Andrii, Melnyk Tetiana, Jia Peipei, Kolosok Volodymyr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

128--135

EN

The research results of using growth regulators with anti-stress action which stimulated growth and development of plants, and provided them with resistance to adverse factors during the vegetation period, were presented. The use of plant growth regulators with anti–stress effect on Sinapis alba L. increased the plant resistance to adverse environmental influences, providing adaptation to changing environmental conditions, i.e. it has a stress–correcting effect throughout the whole vegetation period. The result of using drugs on mustard (Sinapis alba L.) was obtaining a significant and stable additional seed yield (0.57 t·ha-1), i.e. an increase in yield by 38%. Over the years of research, the most effective were the applications of Fast Start and Biofoge growth regulators. The most effective processing terms were: during the vegetation period as well as combination of seed treatment and application during the vegetation period.

15

Changes in the Quality of Vegetation Cover and Soil of Pastures in Semi-Deserts of West Kazakhstan, Depending on the Grazing Methods

Nasiyev Beybit, Shibaikin Vladimir, Bekkaliyev Askhat, Zhanatalapov Nurbolat Z., Bekkaliyeva Aidyn

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

50--60

EN

The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of grazing methods on the indicators of vegetation and soil cover of pastures located in the semi-desert zone in the West of Kazakhstan. The experiment was carried out on 3 pastures with different grazing methods, and a reference plot with no grazing served as a control variant. Transects measuring 100*50 m were laid on pastures, where all regime observations of herbage indicators were carried out. Soil samples were taken in layers of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm with 3-fold repetition. The lowest indicators of yield (0.38 t/ha), projective coverage (45%), species composition (12 pieces), and herbage height (22 cm) were established on pastures with intensive grazing. Intensive grazing also reduced the quality of the soil, where a low content (0.83 percent) and reserves of humus (34.19 t/ha) and phosphorus (0.65 mg/100g) were found, and the soil compacted to 1.38 g/cm3, its structure decreased to 53.15%, the soil degraded to the 3rd degree and became moderately solonetzic. High values of vegetation and soil cover indicators were obtained on pastures with rotational grazing. In the rotational grazing variant, the yield difference compared to the control variant amounted to 0.41 t/ha, and the yield of feed units (0.07 t/ha), digestible protein (0.011 t/ha), and exchange energy (1.08 GJ/ha) had increased. A higher content of available phosphorus (0.95 mg/100g of soil), agronomically valuable structural aggregates (67.55%), a looser density (1.24 g/cm3), and weak salinity were found in the soil cover of rotational grazing pastures.

16

Biologized Technologies for Cultivation of Field Crops in the Organic Farming System of West Kazakhstan

Nasiyev Beybit Nasiyevich, Bekkaliyeva Aidyn Kanatovna, Vassilina Tursunay Kazhymuratovna, Shibaikin Vladimir Anatol'evich, Zhylkybay Ainur Malikovna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

77--88

EN

In studies aimed at expanding the range of the organic farming system, the authors studied the comparative productivity of such field crops like barley and safflower cultivated with the use of traditional and biologized technologies. The use of biological preparations and organic biofertilizers of the latest generation was studied as a biologized technology on barley and safflower crops. As shown by the experimental data, with the biologized technology in the conditions of the zone in question, the yield of barley increased by 27.02% compared to traditional technologies, the harvest of protein increased by 0.02 t/ha, and the energy value by 2.25 GJ/ha. In this work, it was concluded that the use of the biologized technology of barley and safflower cultivation was important to improve the efficiency of agricultural landscape management in the system of organic farming, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the study.

17

Comparison of stress susceptibility index of silage corn and sorghum crops

Keten Mualla, Değirmenci Hasan

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2022

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nr I/1

21--28

EN

Drought is an important factor that causes a decrease in yield and quality in regions where second crop silage plants are grown. One of the biggest problems in animal husbandry is feed. Especially silage feed production tends to decrease in areas with increasing water deficit and where water needs cannot be met. The high water requirement of the corn plant requires irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. However, in order to continue the production of silage fodder in regions where water resources are insufficient with the increase of drought, it will be necessary to grow forage plants that can be an alternative to corn plant. In previous studies, it has been discussed whether the sorghum plant is an alternative to the corn plant. The aim of this study is to determine the drought sensitivity index based on the yield values of both plants in wet and dry conditions. Thus, it will be determined whether the sorghum plant will be an alternative to the corn plant in terms of drought. The identification and selection of drought-resistant cultivars and species is possible using various indices. In this study, second crop silage maize and sorghum crops were grown in Kahramanmaraş conditions for two years (2018 and 2019), dry and irrigated. Stress sensitivity index (SSI) was used to determine the drought tolerance of silage maize and sorghum crops. 'Colonia' variety was used for silage corn and 'Es Foehn' variety was used for sorghum. When the STI values are examined, the corn and sorghum values for 2018 were 0.55 and 0.53, respectively, while the d values for 2019 were found as 0.33 in corn and 0.54 in sorghum. these values are very close to the YSI values. While the 2018 values in both indices were not determinative in terms of drought resistance, the value of sorghum in 2019 was 64% higher than corn (this value was found to be 61% for YSI). This also showed that there is a direct correlation between YSI and STI indices.

18

Ecological Assessment of Conditions for Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) Cultivation Based on the Determination of its Yield Plasticity

Tretiakova Svitlana, Voitovska Viktoriia, Klymovych Nataliia, Maslovata Svitlana, Osipov Mykhailo, Khudik Liudmyla, Polunina Oleksandra, Prykhodko Vitalii, Novak Andrii, Strilets Oksana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

145--152

EN

In Ukraine, sorghum is grown in an area of 41000−49000 ha, with the yield ranging over years from 0.99 t/ha (2001) to 4.63 t/ha (2018). Such differences in productivity may be explained by the fact that, in recent decades, the value of degree-days in the Steppe zone increased from 3145 °C (1990) to 3550 °C (2019), and in the Forest Steppe zone by 445 °C. At the same time, the current annual precipitation in Ukraine is 578 mm, while sustainable farming requires 700 mm. In Steppe, which is a traditional sorghum cultivation zone, the change in climatic conditions led to insufficient soil moisture, with weather conditions influencing the formation of sorghum grain yield. The assessment of the stability and plasticity of the sorghum yield allows us to conclude that cultivation of this crop will not be effective without irrigation, adjustment of the cultivation technology or introduction of the varieties adapted to drought and high temperature. On the contrary, in Forest Steppe, conditions for obtaining high yields of sorghum improved in recent decades. Thus, in Vinnytsia region, favorable conditions formed in the years 2011−2020, in Kyiv region 2001−2005 and 2011−2015, and Poltava and Cherkasy regions 2006−2020. However, in Vinnytsia region, in the years 2001−2005, and in Kyiv region 2006−2010, low yield plasticity was caused by the negative impact of the extreme drought. Consequently, to reach high crop productivity and stable grain yield, it is necessary to introduce an ecologically sound sown area structure and use varieties of different genetic and geographical origins that are more resistant to the impact of adverse environment.

19

Soil and water conservation engineering techniques to modify the rhizosphere climate of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) for improving water use efficiency and yield

Harinarayanan Mallapurath Narayanamangalam, Ramanatha Subbiah, Nagarajan Karuppalaki, Kalarani Muthusamy Karuppusamy, Sathyamoorthy Nagaranai Karuppasamy, Geethalakshmi Indran, Ramya Sundarapandian

Agricultural Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 26, No. 1

201--213

EN

The research was conducted to study the performance of cucumber under protected conditions with different plastic mulches. This experiment was conducted in a split plot design, having irrigation levels as main plot and mulches as subplots. The study revealed that mulching helped to maintain the soil moisture higher than bare soil and black mulch showed higher soil temperature and soil moisture (23.3%) under 100% irrigation. Plant height and yield was also influenced by mulching. Plant height and yield decreased in relation to reduction of the irrigation level. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) was found under 50% irrigation and black mulch plot (32 kg·m-3). In conclusion, black mulch with 100% irrigation performed well among the treatments because of higher moisture and favourable soil temperature. In consideration of WUE, black mulch with 50% irrigation performed well.

PL

Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w celu sprawdzenia wydajności uprawy ogórka w warunkach chronionych różnego rodzaju włókniną ogrodniczą. To doświadczenie zostało przeprowadzone w układzie “split plot”, gdzie poziomy nawodnienia stanowiły “main plot” a włókniny “subplots”. Badanie wykazało, że użycie włókniny pomogło zachować wilgotność gleby wyższą niż w przypadku samej gleby a zastosowanie czarnej włókniny wykazało wyższą temperaturę i wilgotność gleby (23,3%) przy 100% nawadnianiu. Mulczowanie za pomocą włókniny wpłynęło także na wysokość i plon rośliny. Wysokość i plon rośliny uległy zmniejszeniu wraz ze zmniejszeniem poziomu nawodnienia. Najwyższa efektywność zużycia wody (WUE) wystąpiła w przypadku 50% nawadniania i użycia czarnej włókniny (32 kg·m-3). Podsumowując, czarna włóknina przy 100 % nawadnianiu radziła sobie dobrze w odniesieniu do czynności z powodu wyższej wilgotności i dogodnej temperatury gleby. Biorąc pod uwagę efektywność zużycia wody, czarna włóknina przy 50% nawodnienia radziła sobie dobrze.

20

Badanie wpływu promieniowania mikrofalowego materiału siewnego na plon zbóż

Solovei Ivan

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 7

135--137

PL

W pracy przedstawiono badanie wpływu promieniowania mikrofalowego nasion na plony upraw w celu zwiększenia kiełkowania nasion i wzrostu roślin. Badania przeprowadzono przy obróbce nasion pszenicy ozimej polem mikrofalowym w pewnej odległości od napromieniacza do nasion i przy różnych czasach naświetlania. Do badań wykorzystano specjalnie zaprojektowaną instalację wykorzystującą przemysłowy promiennik wysokiego napięcia o wysokiej częstotliwości.

EN

The paper presents a study on the effect of microwave irradiation of seed on crop yields to increase seed germination and plant growth. The study was performed when treating winter wheat seeds with a microwave field at a distance from the irradiator to the seeds and different irradiation times. A specially designed installation using an industrial high-frequency high-voltage irradiator was used for the study.