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1

The Chemical-Physical and Quality Parameters of Woods Pellets Generated from Revegetation Reclamation of Post-Coal Mining Land

Yuningsih Lulu, Ibrahim Eddy, Marsi, Hastuti Novitri, Hermansyah

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

43--51

EN

It needs to become a source of renewable energy raw materials derived from biomass, through revegetation reclamation activities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the differences in the quality of the wood pellets derived from distinguished raw materials and ages. It also aims to evaluate the relationship between raw material and wood pellet parameters. In this process, the method used emphasized the measurements of the chemical-physical and quality parameters of the materials and pellets, respectively. These analyses were subsequently carried out through a comparative test with the quality standards of SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 8021-2014 and SNI 01-6235-2000. To analyze the relationship between raw material and wood pellet quality parameters, a statistical test of Pearson correlation (product-moment) was conducted. Based on the results, the pellets produced from post-mining land revegetation reached SNI quality limits on the parameters of water content, density, fixed carbon, and heat. This proved that all the chemical-physical features of the raw materials had a relationship in improving the quality of wood pellets. Regarding the comparison between types, the Acacia mangium pellets relatively had the best quality.

2

Concentration of Nitrogen Oxides When Burning Wood Pellets of Various Origins

Ciupek Bartosz, Gołoś Karol

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 5

229--233

EN

The paper examined the impact of wood pellets of different type on the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) formed during the combustion process in a low-power heating boiler. The study aim was to determine the dependencies of the NOx emission levels on the chemical composition of fuel. The test was carried out using a model of a combustion chamber equipped with a dedicated burner. The analysis of the results confirmed the relationship between flue gas and the formation of NOx. The obtained results prove the possibility of reorganizing the combustion process in order to reduce the NOx emission by selecting a proper composition of raw materials when producing wood pellets.

3

The quality of wood pellets used in automatic class 5 Ecodesign boilers on the retail market in the context of air protection in Poland

Jach-Nocoń Marta, Nocoń Adam, Mirowski Tomasz, Jelonek Iwona, Jelonek Zbigniew

Polityka Energetyczna

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2019

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T. 22, z. 1

127--140

EN

Wood pellets, commonly referred to as biomass fuel, are increasingly used in heating and district heating in the European Union countries, including Poland. Their use in class 5 and/or Ecodesign boilers enables an individual consumer to use energy from renewable sources, reduce the environmental burden by reducing the emission of harmful compounds, and provides a sense of comfort by automating the boiler system. The article presents the current situation in the global wood pellet market, describes the basic quality standards applicable to this fuel during production, and indicates the difficulties in the implementation of programs co-financing the replacement of obsolete coal-fired boilers with automatic class 5 biomass-fired boilers. The research presented in this article is focused on the presence of contaminants in the DIN Plus, EN Plus, and A1 pellets, as well as in non-certified pellets. The analysis has shown that the use of wood pellets containing prohibited substances negatively affects boiler operation and contributes to the formation of slag and the emission of harmful compounds, making the discussed fuel non-ecological.

PL

Pellet drzewny, potocznie nazywany biomasą, staje się coraz bardziej dostępnym paliwem stosowanym w ogrzewnictwie i ciepłownictwie w krajach Unii Europejskiej, jak również w Polsce. Jego zastosowanie w kotłach grzewczych posiadających 5. klasę lub/i świadectwo Ecodesign umożliwia indywidualnemu konsumentowi wykorzystanie energii pochodzącej ze źródeł odnawialnych, zmniejszenie uciążliwości dla środowiska poprzez redukcję emisji szkodliwych związków do powietrza oraz zapewnia poczucie komfortu użytkowania poprzez automatyzację obsługi urządzenia grzewczego. W artykule przedstawiono bieżącą sytuację na światowym rynku pelletu drzewnego, opisano podstawowe standardy jakości obowiązujące dla tego paliwa podczas produkcji oraz wskazano trudności w realizacji programów dofinansujących wymianę starych kotłów węglowych na kotły automatyczne 5. klasy na biomasę. Badania prezentowane w niniejszej publikacji ukazują problem, jakim jest obecność niedozwolonych zanieczyszczeń zarówno w certyfikowanym pellecie DIN Plus, EN Plus A1 jak i takim, który tego certyfikatu nie posiada. Badania te dowodzą, że stosowanie pelletów drzewnych, w których zastosowano niedozwolone substancje, wpływają negatywnie na pracę kotła, powodują powstawanie twardych spieków żużlowych i wprowadzają szkodliwe związki do atmosfery powodując, że to paliwo staje się nieekologiczne.

4

The Emission of Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Oxides from Boilers Supplied by a Pellet under the Influence of Changes in the Air-Fuel Equivalence Ratio

Ciupek Bartosz, Judt Wojciech, Urbaniak Rafał, Kłosowiak Robert

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 10

34--38

EN

The aim of the experimental research was to determine the impact of changes in the air-fuel equivalence ratio during the combustion of wood pellet in the boiler on the CO and NOx emissions. In order to realize the tests, 10 kW wood pellet boiler equipped with a dedicated wood pellet burner was employed. On the basis of the research, the relationship between the level of harmful substances emitted under the influence of changes in the air-fuel equivalence ratio was presented. The obtained results and conclusions based on them can be used to optimize the design of heating devices fed by wood pellets.

5

Gospodarka odpadami na przykładzie przedsiębiorstwa produkcyjnego

Wengel M., Miłaszewicz B., Szymański K.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2016

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nr 11

297--307

PL

W artykule podjęto ważną i wciąż aktualną tematykę dotyczącą gospodarowania odpadami poprodukcyjnymi. Opisano charakterystykę przedsiębiorstwa produkcyjnego, klasyfikację i źródła powstawania odpadów, z podziałem na odpady niebezpieczne, inne niż niebezpieczne i obojętne. Zaproponowano usprawnienie dotyczące zagospodarowania i zarządzania odpadem poprodukcyjnym, powstającym w największej ilości.

EN

In the article a very important issue concerning the management of post-production waste has been raised. It describes the characteristics of the production company, classification and sources of waste, with division into hazardous, non-hazardous and inert waste. For post-production waste arising in largest quantities an improvement of waste management has been proposed.

6

Comparison of CO and NOx concentrations from a 20 kW boiler for periodic and constant wood pellet supply

Juszczak M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 42, nr 3

95--107

EN

The impact of the fuel feeding mode (continuous or periodic with various stand-by/operation time ratios) on carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO, NOx) concentration values in the flue gas was analyzed for coniferous wood pellet firing. Experiments were performed using a 20 kW water boiler equipped with an under-fed (retort) wood pellet furnace located in a full scale heat station simulating real-life conditions. Impact of oxygen concentration and temperature in the combustion chamber on the concentrations of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide have been examined. It was concluded that the commonly used periodic fuel supply does not necessarily cause an important increase of the concentrations of carbon monoxide compared to those in the continuous fuel feeding mode. Continuous fuel supply can even imply higher concentrations of carbon monoxide when fuel and air streams are not chosen properly.

7

Shear and crushing strengths of wood pellets

Spirchez C., Lunguleasa A.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2016

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vol. 59, nr 198

87--97

EN

This paper presents a methodology for determining the shear and crushing strengths of four types of wood pellets. Wood pellets are renewable and sustainable products that are obtained from wood biomass and used in combustion. Their mechanical characteristics are not well defined. To characterize wood pellets, their shear and crushing strengths should be measured along with their size, moisture content, density, abrasion, and chemical contents. The shear and crushing strengths were analysed for their dependence on density, considering if these strengths remain as independent properties or only an additional option for the producers. All results showed that the shear and crushing strengths were individual properties of wood pellets and that density greatly influenced these properties. Based on theoretical research, the admittance values of breaking and shear strengths were also estimated. These results can be used in wood combustion for creating fuels from waste wood.

8

Wpływ zastosowania ceramiki glinokrzemianowej w komorze spalania na ilość popiołów powstających ze spalania ziarna owsa i peletu drzewnego

Janicki M., Bąk A., Wróbel R.

Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska

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2013

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Vol. 15, nr 4

47--56

EN

The domestic market for renewable energy is based on the use of biomass, which creates the need to develop low-emission and high-throughput technologies for its use of energy. The article presents the effects of using ceramic linings inside the combustion chamber of low power boiler in order to reduce the weight of the ash produced in the combustion process. The boiler used on domestic market was chosen to research. It has a burner suitable to burn both wooden pellets and grains of oats. Tests carried out on these fuels and their mixture in the continuous and cyclic operation. The article also addressed the issue of the impact of the use of combustible materials of different bulk density on the formation of combustion by-products.

PL

Wpływ zastosowania ceramiki glinokrzemianowej w komorze spalania na ilość popiołów powstających ze spalania ziarna owsa i peletu drzewnego Krajowy rynek energii odnawialnej oparty jest w głównej mierze na wykorzystaniu biomasy, co stwarza konieczność opracowania niskoemisyjnych i wysokosprawnych technologii jej energetycznego wykorzystania. Artykuł prezentuje efekty zastosowania okładziny ceramicznej wewnątrz komory spalania kotła na biomasę, mającego na celu redukcję masy popiołu powstającego w procesie spalania. Do badań wykorzystano kocioł małej mocy na biomasę stosowany na krajowym rynku. Urządzenie posiada palnik dostosowany do spalania zarówno peletu drzewnego, jak i ziaren owsa. Badania prowadzono na wybranych paliwach oraz na ich mieszance, w układzie pracy ciągłej i cyklicznej. W artykule poruszono również zagadnienie wpływu stosowania materiałów palnych o różnej gęstości nasypowej na powstawanie ubocznych produktów spalania.

9

Pollutant concentrations from a 15 kW heating boiler supplied with sunflower husk pellets

Juszczak M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 38, nr 1

35-43

EN

Sunflower husk pellets were fired in a channel type furnace originally designed for wood pellets. The furnace was installed in a 15 kW heating boiler. CO, CxHy, NO, NO2 and dust concentrations were measured. Despite reducing the temperature in the furnace down to ca. 700 °C by fuel stream reduction, ash melting and sintering phenomenon could not be completely avoided. CO concentration of ca. 6500 mg/m3 (10% O2) was observed, boiler heat efficiency being 63%. A test for sunflower husk and wood pellet mixture showed a reduction of CO concentration down to 2153, 1683 and 966 mg/m3, respectively (10% O2), wood pellet volume proportion being 25, 50 and 75%, respectively, and hydrocarbon concentration almost down to zero. The impact of temperature in the combustion chamber and oxygen concentration on pollutant concentrations was determined.