Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The Effects of Water Extracts from Tansy on Pea Leaf Weevil and Black Bean Aphid

Kwiecień Natalia, Gospodarek Janina, Boligłowa Elżbieta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 3

220--227

EN

The purpose of the research conducted was to define the impact of the various aqueous extract concentrations, prepared from the dried (in concentrations 2%, 5% and 10%) and fresh (in concentrations 10%, 20% and 30%) tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) mass, on the feeding of pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus L.), and the mortality rate of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). The studies showed that in order to limit the feeding of pea leaf weevils considerably, it is necessary to use at least 5% extract of the dried tansy mass or 20% extract of the fresh tansy mass. The impeding effect on the feeding of pea leaf weevils was correlated positively with the extract concentration. The insecticide effect of the aqueous extract of tansy on black bean aphid was revealed not earlier than after 12 hours with the use of at least 20% extract of the fresh tansy mass and 5% extract of the dried mass (only in relation to aphid larvae). Nevertheless, the extracts of lower concentration also demonstrated the insecticide effectiveness although delayed (36–60 hours after the application). As compared to other studies conducted according to the same methodology, it was demonstrated that the tansy aqueous extracts are characteristic for a high deterrent activity in relation to the pea leaf weevil beetles (higher than the extracts of absinthe and similar to the extracts of pepper mint and sage) and a quite high aphicidal activity (higher effectiveness than in the case of the aqueous extracts of lemon balm but lower than the extracts of tarragon and absinthe).

2

Allelopathic Effects of Wood Small-Reed (Calamagrostis epigejos) on Germination and Growth of Selected Grassland Species

Pruchniewicz Daniel, Halarewicz Aleksandra

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, nr 2

122--136

EN

The role of allelopathy in the displacement of given meadow species by wood small-reed (Calamagrostis epigejos) is not well recognized. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the influence of volatile and aqueous extracts from C. epigejos on initial recruitment of typical mesic meadow species (Daucus carota, Rumex acetosa, Festuca pratensis and Dactylis glomerata). The activity of allelochemicals contained within above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and necromass of the donor plant was estimated. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique led to the identification of 19 compounds (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters) in C. epigejos volatile extracts. Aliphatic alcohols were the main group of identified chemicals, including (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate. The laboratory tests showed a significant inhibitory influence of volatile C. epigejos extracts on the growth of D. glomerata, D. carota and R. acetosa roots. The influence of aqueous C. epigejos extracts on selected meadow species was less evident. Only the seeds of D. glomerata and F. pratensis were found to be susceptible to water extracts of above-ground C. epigejos biomass. The seed germination was stimulated by the extracts at low concentrations but inhibited at higher concentrations. Among the tested plants only the growth of F. pratensis seedlings was inhibited by aqueous extracts obtained from all examined C. epigejos parts. In regarding to the other test species the effect of C. epigejos extracts was neutral or positive. The results suggest that C. epigejos has a allelopathic potential to suppress the growth of co-occurring grassland species.

3

The Effects of Water Extracts from Lemon Balm on Pea Leaf Weevil and Black Bean Aphid Behaviour

Rusin M., Gospodarek J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 6

139--145

EN

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various concentrations of water extracts prepared from the fresh or dry matter of lemon balm on Sitona lineatus L. and Aphis fabae Scop. behaviour. The assessment pertaining to the feeding intensity of beetles was carried out by measuring the surface of feeds caused by S. lineatus. While examining the effect of extracts on A. fabae, the mortality of wingless female and aphid larvae was determined. In the studies on the olfactory reaction glass olfactometer "Y tube" and 4 armed arena olfactometer were used. The results of the experiment showed that the water extract prepared from dry matter of lemon balm with 2% concentration limited the feeding of both female and male of S. lineatus. The increase in the mortality of the black bean aphid females and larvae was obtained only after applying the extracts from fresh and dry matter at highest concentrations. The evident deterrent reaction of the odour substances obtained from the lemon balm plants towards the beetles of S. lineatus, could find application in ecological farms via introducing the plant as an accompanying crop to the main crops. The winged individuals of A. fabae did not react to the abovementioned factor.

4

The Effects of Water Extracts from Lemon Balm on Colorado Potato Beetle Behaviour

Rusin M., Gospodarek J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 5

122--127

EN

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various concentrations of water extracts prepared from the fresh or dry mass of lemon balm on the feeding of Colorado potato beetle larvae in L2 and L4 stages. The extracts from the dry matter were prepared at the concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10% and from the fresh matter at the concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30%. The feeding intensity assessment was conducted by dipping leaves of potato in respective solutions of the extracts and determining the mass of food consumed by larvae, as well as the changes of larvae body weight. In the studies on the olfactory reaction of adult insects, a glass “Y-tube” olfactometer was used. The feeding by L4 larvae of Colorado potato beetle was effectively limited by the extract prepared from the dry matter of lemon balm with 10% concentration. The larvae at L2 stage turned out to be more susceptible to the effects of extracts – the extracts in almost all used concentrations limited the feeding of the studied pest. The body weight gain in L2 and L4 larvae of Colorado potato beetle were effectively limited by the extracts prepared from the dry plants of lemon balm in as low concentration as 5%. However, the effect of extracts prepared from the fresh matter of lemon balm plants was effective in limiting the body weight gain of L4 larvae at the minimum concentration of 20%, whereas for L4 larvae the effective concentration was 30%. The evident deterrent reaction of odour substances originating from lemon balm plants towards the females of Colorado potato beetle was found. The males did not react to the above-mentioned factor.

5

Modelling of beetroot seedlings with modified generalized logistic functions

Szparaga A., Czerwińska E.

Agricultural Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 21, No. 3

107--117

EN

Modified generalized logistic functions (also known as Koya-Goshu functions) were used for mathematical description of germination. These functions constitute natural modification of traditionally used Richards' function for description of plants germination that introduces a non-linear time increase in exponent and an element related to time shift. Curves were adjusted to experimental data based on minimization of the square sum of difference between experimental data and a mathematical model (the smallest squares method). Results of simulation research show that the determined parameters of curves (e.g., values of the growth parameter, time shift or upper limit of population) describing the number of seedlings as a time function stay compliant to interpretation with regard to biology of the investigated processes. Based on the research, it was stated that for control and application of plant extracts to soil, Koyu-Gosha model has better adjustment to experimental data in comparison to the generalized logistic model.

PL

Do opisu matematycznego wschodów wykorzystano zmodyfikowane uogólnione funkcje logistyczne (znane również jako funkcje Koya-Goshu). Funkcje te stanowią naturalną modyfikację klasycznie stosowanych funkcji Richardsa w opisie wzrostu roślin, wprowadzającą nieliniowy przyrost czasu w wykładniku exponenty oraz człon związany z przesunięciem czasowym. Dopasowanie krzywych do danych eksperymentalnych przeprowadzono w oparciu o minimalizacje sumy kwadratów różnic pomiędzy danymi eksperymentalnymi, a modelem matematycznym (metoda najmniejszych kwadratów). Rezultaty badań symulacyjnych pokazują, iż wyznaczone parametry krzywych (np. wartości parametru wzrostu, przesunięcia czasowego czy górnej granicy populacji) opisujących ilość wschodów w funkcji czasu pozostają w dobrej zgodności z interpretacją na gruncie biologicznym badanych procesów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, iż dla kontroli oraz aplikacji do gleby wyciągów roślinnych model Koya-Goshu posiada lepsze dopasowanie do wyników eksperymentalnych w stosunku do uogólnionego modelu logistycznego.

6

Assessment of the potential for the improvement in germination capacity of leguminous plants by means of plant extracts

Czerwińska E., Szparaga A., Piskier T., Deszcz E.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 61, nr 3

62--66

EN

The experiment presented in this article contributed to the assessment of the potential applicability of plant extracts for insoil treatment of leguminous plant seeds. Germination capacity of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) ‘Taper’ variety and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) ‘Milwa’ variety seeds was assessed after pre-treatment of the seeds with aqueous extracts of green plants selected in earlier in vivo laboratory tests. The extracts consisted of garlic (Allium sativum) bulb infusion for the treatment of yellow lupine seeds and dense-flowered mullein (Verbascum thapsiforme) flowers infusion for the treatment of field pea. Direct-soil germination of seeds was assessed in three combinations. The first combination used as the control combination consisted of non-treated seeds being sown into the soil; the second combination consisted of seeds pre-treated with plant extracts before being sown into the soil, while the third combination consisted of non-treated seeds being sown into the soil locally pre-treated with plant extracts. The experiments were carried out for two soils differing in physical characteristics. Direct application of plant extracts into the soil showed to have better impact on germination when compared to the pre-treatment of seeds, with the response observed in field pea being higher than that in yellow lupine. At the same time, probable factors that inhibited germination were also identified.

PL

W pracy wykorzystano wyniki zdolności kiełkowania nasion łubinu żółtego (Lupinus luteus L.) odmiany ‘Taper’ i grochu siewnego (Pisum sativum L.) odmiany ‘Milwa’, po zaprawieniu ich wyciągami wodnymi z roślin zielonych, wybranych we wcześniejszych badaniach laboratoryjnych in vivo. Stymulujące działanie na kiełkowanie nasion wybranych roślin w przypadku łubinu żółtego, wykazał napar z cebul Allium sativum (czosnek zwyczajny), a grochu siewnego napar z kwiatów Verbascum thapsiforme (dziewanna wielokwiatowa). W artykule wymienione wyciągi wodne zastosowano w do oceny wschodów roślin bobwatych w glebie. Próbami badanymi były nasiona zaprawiane w/w wymienionymi naparami i w tej formie wysiewane oraz nasiona niezaprawiane wysiewane w miejscu wcześniejszej aplikacji punktowej naparów. Próbą kontrolną były nasiona niezaprawione wysiane do gleby bez aplikacji wyciągów. Badania przeprowadzono w dwóch różnych rodzajach gleby. Pochodziły one z upraw ekologicznych oraz konwencjonalnych. Stwierdzono, że w warunkach glebowych na wschody roślin bobowatych lepiej działało aplikowanie wyciągów do gleby, a nie na nasiona, przy czym lepiej zareagowały nasiona grochu siewnego. Gleba z ekologicznego systemu gospodarowania okazała istotnie lepsza dla wschodów wybranych roślin.

7

The Effect of Water Extracts From Winter Savory on Black Bean Aphid Mortality

Rusin M., Gospodarek J., Biniaś B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 17, nr 1

101--105

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water extracts prepared from fresh and dry matter of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) on mortality of wingless females and larvae of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory, in six replicates. Dry extracts were prepared at concentration of 2%, 5% and 10%, while the fresh plant at concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. Stomach poisoning of extracts was determined by soaking broad bean leaves in the respective solutions, and then determining mortality of wingless female and larvae feeding on leaves thus prepared at 12 hour intervals. The results of the experiment showed that the extract prepared from dry matter at the highest concentration (10%), as well as the extracts from fresh matter at concentration of 20% and 30% contributed to an increase in mortality of wingless female of black bean aphid. Meanwhile, extracts prepared from both dry and fresh matter at two highest concentrations caused an increase in mortality of larvae of this pest. Furthermore, with increasing concentrations of analysed extracts prepared from both fresh and dry matter of winter savory, their negative effect on wingless females and larvae usually increase.

8

The Effect of Water Extract From Wild Thyme on Colorado Potato Beetle Feeding

Rusin M., Gospodarek J., Biniaś B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 17, nr 4

197--202

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water extracts prepared from fresh and dry matter of wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) on feeding adults and larvae of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory, in six replicates. Dry extracts were prepared at concentration of 2%, 5% and 10%, while the fresh plant at concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. Feeding intensity assessment was conducted by dipping leaves of potato in respective solutions of the extracts and determining the mass of food consumed by adults and larvae, and changes of larvae body weight once daily. In addition, absolute deterrence index and palatability index were calculated. The results of the experiment showed that for an efficient limitation of the feeding adult Colorado potato beetles, an extract from dry matter of wild thyme with a concentration of at least 10% should be used. L4 larvae appear to be considerably more susceptible to the effect of T. serpyllum extract. In their case, an efficient limitation of the feeding, as well as body weight gain can be obtained using extracts from both dry and fresh matter, at concentrations of over 5% for dry matter and over 20% for fresh matter. With the increase of extract concentration, the value of the calculated palatability index decreases, and the deterrence index value increases.

9

The effect of water extracts from Artemisia absinthium L. on feeding of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. larvae

Rusin M., Gospodarek J., Biniaś B.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 60, nr 4

80--83

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water extracts from dry and fresh matter of Artemisia absinthium L. on feeding of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. L2 stage larvae. Dried extracts were prepared in concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10%, while the fresh plant in concentrations of 10%, 20% to 30%. Larvae feeding intensity assessment was carried out by dipping leaves of potato in respective solutions of the extracts, and then determining the weight of food eaten by larvae, and changes of larvae body weight once a day. In addition, absolute deterrence index and palatability index were calculated. The results of the experiment show that the extracts prepared from both dry and fresh matter at the highest concentrations (10% and 30% respectively) contributed to the greatest reduction of the larvae feeding and significant decreased their body weight. With increasing concentrations of extracts from both fresh and dry matter, their deterrent effect on the tested larvae was usually increasing while the value of palatability index was decreasing.

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie oddziaływania wodnych wyciągów z suchej i świeżej masy bylicy piołunu (Artemisia absinthium L.) na żerowanie larw L2 stonki ziemniaczanej (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.). Wyciągi przygotowano w stężeniach 2, 5 i 10% dla suchej masy oraz 10, 20 i 30% dla świeżej masy. Ocena intensywności żerowania larw została przeprowadzona poprzez moczenie liści ziemniaków w roztworach odpowiednich wyciągów, a następnie określenie masy pokarmu zjedzonego przez larwy oraz zmiany masy ich ciała, z częstotliwością raz na dobę. Dodatkowo obliczono bezwzględny wskaźnik deterentności i smakowitości. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że wyciągi sporządzone zarówno z suchej, jak i ze świeżej masy w najwyższych stężeniach przyczyniły się do największego ograniczenia żerowania larw oraz spowodowały istotny spadek masy ich ciała. Wraz ze wzrostem stężenia wyciągów z suchej oraz ze świeżej masy najczęściej zwiększało się także ich deterentne oddziaływanie w stosunku do analizowanego szkodnika, a także zmniejszała się wartość wskaźnika smakowitości.

10

Zawartość metali ciężkich w wyciągach wodnych sporządzonych z osadów dennych zbiornika rzeszowskiego

Baran A., Tarnawski M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2012

|

Vol. 6, No. 2

671--675

PL

Celem badań była ocena zawartość metali ciężkich w wyciągach wodnych sporządzonych z osadów dennych, które potencjalnie mogą być składowane w środowisku lądowym. Do badań pobrano osady ze zbiornika zlokalizowanego na terenie miasta Rzeszów w woj. podkarpackim. W niniejszych badaniach wykazano, że ryzyko zawiązane z wymywalnością metali ciężkich podczas składowania niezanieczyszczonych osadów dennych może stanowić zagrożenie dla środowiska. Zatem wydobyte osady z dna zbiornika rzeszowskiego powinny być składowane w warunkach kontrolowanych.

EN

The aim of study was to assess the content of heavy metals in water extracts prepared from the bottom sediment, which potentially can be stored in the terrestrial environment. Sediments were collected from reservoir located in the city of Rzeszow in the province Podkarpackie. In this study was shown that the risk tied with to leaching of heavy metals during storage of uncontaminated sediments can be a threat to the environment. In the present study demonstrated that the risk tied to leaching of heavy metals during storage of uncontaminated sediments may pose a threat to the environment. It is also bottom sediment extract from the Rzeszów reservoir should be stored in controlled conditions.

11

Ocena potencjału allelopatycznego rośliny inwazyjnej - nawłoci olbrzymiej (Solidago gigantea) w odniesieniu do gryki zwyczajnej (Fagopyrum sagittatum) oraz słonecznika zwyczajnego (Helianthus annuus)

Sekutowski T. R., Bortniak M., Domaradzki K.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2012

|

Vol. 57, nr 4

86-91

PL

W badaniach własnych oceniano wpływ wodnych wyciągów sporządzonych ze świeżej masy liści i łodyg nawłoci olbrzymiej (S. gigantea) na zdolność kiełkowania i wzrost korzeni gryki zwyczajnej (F. sagittatum) oraz słonecznika zwyczajnego (H. annuus). Doświadczenie przeprowadzono z użyciem testu kiełkowania i wczesnego wzrostu roślin - Phytotoxkit. Testy obejmowały trzy niezależne serie doświadczeń laboratoryjnych, w każdej serii po trzy powtórzenia. Wodne wyciągi sporządzono ze 125, 250 oraz 500 g świeżej masy nawłoci olbrzymiej (S. gigantea) na 100 cm3 wody destylowanej. Obiekt kontrolny stanowiły pyłki, na które nanoszono jedynie wodę destylowaną. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że najsilniejszy efekt inhibicyjny w odniesieniu do zdolności kiełkowania oraz długość korzeni gryki zwyczajnej (F. sagittatum), stwierdzono po zastosowaniu 50% wyciągu. Natomiast najsilniejszy efekt w postaci stymulacji wzrostu korzeni słonecznika zwyczajnego (H. annuus), stwierdzono po zastosowaniu 12,5% wyciągu.

EN

In the laboratory experiments effect of the fresh mass of goldenrod (S. gigantea) leaf and stem water extracts on germination capacity and buckwheat (F. sagittatum) and sunflower (H. annuus) on root growth were determined. Test of germination and early growth - Phytotoxkit was used in experiment. The research covered 3 independent laboratory series, 3 repetitions in each series. Water extracts were prepared from 125 g, 250 g and 500 g of fresh mass of goldenrod (S. gigantea) and 100 cm3 of distilled water. Plates moistened of distilled water were control objects in these experiment. Data indicated that the highest inhibition effect on the germination capacity and buckwheat (F. sagittatum) root length was obtained after application on water extracts of 50%. The strongest effect in the form of sunflower (H. annuus) root growth stimulation was observed after application of water extract of 12.5%.

12

Fungistatyczna aktywność wybranych wyciągów roślinnych.

Burgieł Z.J., Moliszewska E.B.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

1999

|

Vol. 6, nr 2-3

157-164

PL

In vitro badano działanie wodnych wyciągów z ziela glistnika jaskółcze ziele, ziela wrotyczu pospolitego, kwiatu kasztanowca, korzeni mydlnicy lekarskiej oraz etanolowego ekstraktu z liści bluszczu pospolitego na grzyby: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum lindemuthianm, Fusarium culmorum, F. chlamydosporum, Rhizoctonia solani i Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.Wpływ wybranych wyciągów na patogeny obligatoryjne - grzyby Sphaerotheca xanti i Cumminsiella mirabilissima oceniano w warunkach szklarniowych lub polowych. Większość wyciągów charakteryzowała się bardzo słabą fungistatycznością w stosunku do patogenów fakultatywnych. Jedynie ekstrakt z korzeni mydlnicy wyraźnie ograniczał wzrost kolonii B. cinerea, a napar z ziela wrotyczu zastosowany w koncentracji 50% hamował rozwój C. lindemuthianum. Patogeny obligatoryjne reagowały znacznie silniej. Opryskiwanie nagietków 50% wyciągami z glistnika lub wrotyczu w ok. 70% redukowało porażenie roślin przez S. xantii, a etanolowy ekstrakt z bluszczu charakteryzował się podobną skutecznością w ochronie mahonii przed C. mirabilissima jak Bayleton 5 WP - fungicyd zalecany do ochrony roślin przed rdzami.

EN

An effect of tetterwort (Chelidonium maius) tops, tansy (Tanaceum vulgare), common horsechesnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) flowers, soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) water extracts and ivy (Hedera helix) leaves ethanol extract of fungi Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichm lindemuthianum, Fusarium culmorum, F. chlamydosporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia scerotorium in vitro (Hedera helix) leaves ethanol extaract on fungi Alternaria allternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichm lindemuthianum, Fusarium culmorum, F. chlamydosporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro was tested. The influence of selected extracts on obligate parasites, fungi Sphaerotheca xanti and Cuimminsiella mirabilissima was investigated under greenhouse and field conditions. Most of the tested extracts showed a low fungistatic activity in relation to facultative pathogens. Only tettewort and 50% tansy top extracts significanly inhibited growth of B. cinerea and C. lindemuthianum colonies respectively. Obligate pathogens were more sensitive. Spraying on calendula with tettewort and tansy tops extracts reduced plants infestation by S. xanti on 70%. The effectiveness of ivy leaves extract in trailing mahonia rust (C. mirabilissima) control was related to Bayleton 5 WP fungicide.