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1

Assessing the impact of climate change on discharge in the Horyn River basin by analyzing precipitation and temperature data

Lobodzinskyi Oleksandr, Vasylenko Yevheniia, Koshkina Olha, Nabyvanets Yurii

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2023

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Vol. 11, Iss. 1

93--106

EN

It is important to investigate the hydrological consequences of current climate change. Hydrological responses to climate warming and wetter conditions include changes in discharge (frequency, amplitude, and volume). This paper describes current climate change and its impact on hydrological flow within the Horyn River basin. Daily air temperature and precipitation data obtained from the 17 meteorological stations located in and nearby the Horyn River basin, in combination with hydrological data (such as daily water discharges obtained from 9 water gauges), were used for the analysis of climate variability and its hydrological consequences. Analyses of meteorological variables and water discharges are crucial for the assessment of long-term changes in the river regime. Thiessen polygons were used to determine the area of influence of assigned specific meteorological stations, which affect the river’s catchments within the Horyn River basin. As a result of the trend analysis, it was observed that discharge within the Horyn River basin decreased over time. These results were congruent with the trends of precipitation data and air temperature data of the stations determined by the Thiessen polygons and basin boundaries. To understand current changes in the daily flow in the basin, changes in air temperature and precipitation for the period 1991-2020 were compared with the period of the climatic norm (1961-1990). A similar analysis was done for daily water discharges. Increasing air temperature and decreasing precipitation in the current period led to a significant decrease in discharges in the Horyn River basin, especially during the spring flood period.

2

Drenażowe odprowadzenie wody z połaci tarasów i balkonów – wybrane zagadnienia

Rokiel Maciej

Izolacje

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2022

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R. 27, nr 11/12

102, 104, 106--111

PL

W artykule omówione zostały różnego rodzaju systemy i technologie służące do odprowadzenia wody z tarasów i balkonów. Autor omawia bardzo szczegółowo dostępne na rynku rozwiązania. Opisuje je i przedstawia wymogi techniczne, jakie należy spełnić przy ich zastosowaniu. Podaje szereg porad związanych z wykonawstwem tych systemów.

EN

The article discusses various types of systems and technologies for draining water from terraces and balconies. The author discusses the solutions available on the market in great detail. He describes them and presents the technical requirements to be met when using them. He provides a number of tips related to the implementation of those systems.

3

Protection of settlements from floods and debris flow on the example of tragedy in Tbilisi on 13-14 June of 2015

Diakonidze R., Supatashvili T., Diakonidze B., Ioseliani L., Getiashvili A., Laoshvili Z.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2017

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Vol. 5, Iss. 2

31--34

EN

This article presents material about the flood on the Vere River on 13-14 June, 2015. It caused significant economic and ecological damage to the country, and there were also human victims. The reasons for the ecological disaster are evaluated and appropriate hydrological calculations have been carried out. It has been particularly established that the predictable (forecasting) maximal discharges of 0,1% value for Vere River is 520 m3/sec and not 410 m3/sec, that was calculated water conduct tunnels in the entrance of city before the Mtkvari River. The flood on the 13-14 June 2015 and the connected tragedy was caused by high intensive precipitation in the catchment basin, the activation of geodynamic processes, and also anthropogenic factors. In our opinion, a reason of disaster also was a design flaw in hydrotechnical buildings (tunnels) – they are not able to manage a water flow rate of 0,1% assurance. The paper presents the recommendations necessary for us to avoid, or at least reduce, the ecological and economic problems caused by floods and debris flow. The presented recommendations against a disaster like that which affected Tbilisi, as well as the expected environmental problems on territory with similar natural conditions, will enable us to avoid or reduce damage caused by flood and debris flow.

4

Hydro-sedimentary flow modelling in some catchments Constantine highlands, case of Wadis Soultez and Reboa (Algeria)

Balla F., Kabouche N., Khanchoul K., Bouguerra H.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2017

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no. 34

21--32

EN

Erosion is a major phenomenon that causes damage not only to soil and agriculture, but also to the quality of the water amounting to tonnes of matter annually transported on the earth's surface. This fact has attracted the interest of researchers to understand its mechanism and explain its causes and consequences. This work is a comparative study of water erosion in the two semi-arid catchments of Wadi Soultez and Wadi Reboa; located in the North-East of Algeria. The approach adopted for the quantification of sediment transport consists on researching the best regressive model to represent the statistical relation between the sediment yield and the measured water discharge at different scales: annual, seasonal and monthly. The available data cover 27 years from 1985–2012. The results show that the power model has given the best correlation coefficient. Results have indicated that Wadi Reboa transported an average of 14.66 hm3 of water and 0.25 million tonnes of sediments annually. While Wadi Soultez has transported 4.2 hm3 of water and 0.11 million tonnes of sediments annually. At a seasonal scale, sediment amounts have showed significant water erosion in autumn with around 44% and secondarily in the spring with 29% in Wadi Soultez. Unlike Wadi Reboa, sediment transport represents 32% and 46% in autumn and spring respectively. Based on the obtained sediment amounts; it is found that the physical factors: such as steep reliefs, vulnerable lithological nature of rocks and poor vegetal cover, have significantly contributed in accelerating soil erosion.

PL

Erozja jest głównym czynnikiem, który nie tylko przynosi szkody w rolnictwie (ubytki gleb), ale także obniża jakość wód powierzchniowych wskutek transportu wielkiej ilości materii niesionych rocznie w skali całego świata. Zjawisko to przykuwało uwagę badaczy, którzy pragnęli poznać mechanizm erozji oraz jej przyczyny i skutki. Przedstawiona praca jest porównawczym studium erozji wodnej półpustynnych zlewni dwóch epizodycznych rzek – Soultez i Reboa w północnowschodniej Algierii. Podejście do ilościowego ujęcia transportu osadów polegało na znalezieniu najlepszego modelu regresji między transportem osadu a mierzonym odpływem wody w skali rocznej, sezonowej i miesięcznej. Dostępne dane obejmują 27 lat – od 1985 do 2012. Najlepszy współczynnik korelacji uzyskano, stosując model potęgowy. Wyniki wskazują, że Reboa transportowała średnio 14,66 hm3 wody i 0,25 mln t osadu rocznie, podczas gdy transport rzeki Soultez wynosił 4,2 hm3 wody i 0,11 mln t osadu rocznie. W ciągu roku największe ilości osadu rzeka Soultez transportowała jesienią (44%) i wiosną (29%), natomiast największy transport osadu w rzece Reboa odnotowano wiosną (46%), a mniejszy jesienią (32%). Na podstawie uzyskanych danych o transporcie osadów stwierdzono, że czynniki fizyczne, takie jak głęboka rzeźba terenu, litologiczny charakter skał podatnych na erozję i uboga pokrywa roślinna przyczyniają się znacząco do zwiększonej erozji gleb.

5

Way to reduce subgrade in highway construction

Nemchinov M. V., Vasilyeva A. G.

Structure and Environment

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2016

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Vol. 8, no. 3

147--152

EN

There is formulated the dement of minimum of land works in road construction. For it is suggested new method to construct road pipes and new method of their hydraulic design.

6

Temporal fluctuations of the phytoplankton community in an isolated floodplain lake (North Mollaköy Lake) of the Sakarya River (Northern Turkey)

Sevindik T. O., Tunca H., Önem B., Tamer S. A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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Vol. 43, No. 4

381--392

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton and water quality in response to the hydrological regime in an isolated floodplain lake (North Mollaköy Lake) of the Sakarya River. Variations in the composition, biomass and functional groups of phytoplankton and environmental parameters were monthly analyzed in sub-surface samples collected from the pelagic zone at four stations from July 2012 to June 2013. A total of 109 taxa were identified, and the species which contributed the most to the phytoplankton biomass were grouped into 14 functional groups (FGs). The distribution of FGs was linked to the transition (T1 and T2), high (HW) and low (LW) water periods in North Mollaköy Lake. FGs J, MP, N, G, X1, X2, Y, W1, W2, S1, H1, B and C were the contributors to the phytoplankton biomass during the low-water period (LW) and the transition periods (T1 and T2), while Lo contributed the most during the high-water period (HW). RDA revealed that the most important factor affecting the temporal distribution of FGs was the water discharge and that there are some differences between stations in terms of Si, pH values and the distribution of FGs.

7

The hydrological properties of waterlogged and drained forests in Latvia

Zalitis P., Indriksons A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2009

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no. 13b

69-86

EN

Almost half (47%) of Latvian forest areas (3611 thousand ha) are considered degraded or partly improved by the hydro-technical drainage. The degradation is caused by very poor soil aeration due to waterlogged conditions. The location of waterlogged forests in Latvia is neither uniform nor occasional. Comparison of the abundance of waterlogged forests and the amount of atmospheric precipitation showed that the waterlogged forests are mainly located in areas with least precipitation. This hydrological phenomenon is connected with water discharge in drainage ditches: even during the dry summers of the years 1963, 1964, 1975, 1976 and 2002 in the drained forests with deep peat soils water flowed continuously in 1 m deep ditches and the discharge exceeded the amount of precipitation. Using the data from 182 sample plots in drained forests with the peat layer depth of 4.2 m, it was found, that coniferous forests are most productive in areas where the peat layer is most dense. One of the possible explanations for this phenomenon is that the most intensive paludification and formation of most dense peat layer are characteristic for the areas with intensive water discharge from confined aquifers. This discharge provides necessary mineral nutrients for the forest soil regardless of the peat layer thickness. The forest productivity may increase several times due to the enhancement of water movement in soil and to improved soil aeration by hydro-technical drainage. Also the flow regime of rivers connected with the drained areas changes considerably, mitigating extremely high and low flow events.

PL

Niemal połowa (47%) obszarów leśnych Łotwy (3611 tys. ha) jest zdegradowana bądź częściowo zmieniona przez hydrotechniczne odwadnianie. Degradację powoduje słabe napowietrzenie zalanych wodą gleb. Rozmieszczenie podmokłych lasów Łotwy nie jest ani równomierne, ani losowe. Porównanie występowania podmokłych lasów z wielkością opadów atmosferycznych wskazuje, że lasy te są zlokalizowane głównie na obszarach o najmniejszej ilości opadów. To hydrologiczne zjawisko jest związane z odpływem wody kanałami odwadniającymi. Nawet podczas suchego lata w latach 1963, 1964, 1975, 1976 i 2002 w lasach z grubą warstwą torfowych gleb woda płynęła ciągle kanałami o głębokości 1 m, a odpływ przekraczał wielkość opadów. Na podstawie danych ze 182 poletek w drenowanych lasach o miąższości torfu 4,2 m ustalono, że lasy iglaste są najbardziej produktywne na obszarach o największej gęstości warstwy torfowej. Jednym z możliwych wyjaśnień tego zjawiska jest fakt, że najintensywniejsza paludyfikacja i tworzenie warstw torfu o największej gęstości występuje na obszarach o intensywnym odpływie wody z warstw wodonośnych o napiętym zwierciadle wody. Ten odpływ zapewnia glebie leśnej niezbędne substancje mineralne niezależnie od miąższości torfu. Produktywność lasu może wzrosnąć kilkakrotnie dzięki wzmożonemu przepływowi wody w glebie i aeracji zwiększonej przez hydrotechniczne odwadnianie. Reżim przepływu wody w rzekach powiązanych z drenowanym obszarem także ulega znaczącym zmianom, łagodząc skutki skrajnie wysokich lub niskich stanów wody.

8

Wyznaczenie wydatku szczeliny pionowego drenażu

Kazieko H., Kazieko L.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 2

252--258

EN

In this paper an analytical model of groundwater flow to vertical drainage is described. As a results of calculations the formulae for estimation of water discharge was proposed.