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Efficient removal of imidacloprid pesticide by two eco-friendly activated carbons

Mohammad Somaia Gaber, El-Refaey Ahmed A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

220--230

EN

In this study, the removal of imidacloprid (IMD) pesticide onto activated carbon produced from nut shells of hazelnut (HAC), and walnut (WAC) has been investigated. The prepared activated carbons were characterised by total carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen content, surface areas and pore volume. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were studied before and after adsorption experiments. Effects of adsorbent dose (0.02-0.2 g), contact time (10-120 min), initial imidacloprid concentration (10-100 mg∙dm-3), and pH (1-8), and temperatures (25-50°C) on the removal of IMD pesticide by HAC and WAC in the batch mode were studied. The removal percentage of imidacloprid pesticide by HAC and WAC was 93.79% and 94.72%, respectively. The study showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model fitted well for both activated carbons. Moreover, adsorption isotherm results were evaluated using Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. The adsorption results correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.987 and 0.964) with maximum adsorption capacities of 76.923 and 83.333 mg∙g-1 for HAC and WAC, respectively, and an equilibrium time within 120 min. The nature of the adsorption of imidacloprid pesticide onto HAC and WAC is exothermic, spontaneous and physical in nature. The two prepared activated carbons (HAC, WAC) were successfully regenerated for three cycles and could be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of IMD pesticide from aqueous solutions. The production of the activated carbons of HAC and WAC will provide minimisation of these wastes in the environment.

2

Physiological perspective of starch as a carbon source in two varieties of Carya illinoinensis Koch in Northern Mexico

Briceño-Contreras Edwin Amir, Valenzuela-Núñez Luis Manuel, Martínez-Sifuentes Aldo Rafael, García-De-La-Peña Cristina, Hernández-Herrera José Antonio

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 3

443--452

EN

The study took as a purpose to determine the Total Carbon (TC) content in the biomass, the Starch Carbon fraction (SC) and its annual dynamics in the biomass of perennial organs (stem and root) in adult trees of two of walnut tree (Carya illinoinensis). Four adult Western and Wichita tree stem and root samples were carried out monthly for a whole year. The TC was determined with an elemental analyser and the SC has gotten based on the molecular mass of the glucose (0.40 gC/gGlucose). t-Student test was performed between varieties per organ for the comparison of TC and SC through the program SPSS 15.0 with a significance of p ≤ 0.05. The results in Western variety were 160.02 kg TC and 4.90 kg SC to 7.54 kg SC in the stem; 64.58 kg TC and 1.74 kg SC to 3.09 kg SC in the root; in Wichita variety were presented 119.72 kg TC and 4.49 kg SC to 6.83 kg SC in the stem; 45.72 kg TC and 1.35 kg SC to 2.75 kg SC in the root. The root was the organ where the greatest amount of SC was stored in relation to the stem, due this latter constitutes a transport organ. Temperature has a marked inversely proportional influence on the accumulation of SC in both varieties. Global solar radiation and solar radiation proportionally influence the accumulation of SC.

3

Removal of chlorophenols from aqueous solutions by sorption onto walnut, pistachio and hazelnut shells

Kuśmierek K., Świątkowski A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2015

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Vol. 17, nr 1

23--31

EN

The efficiency of walnut, pistachio and hazelnut shells to remove three monochlorophenols (2-CP, 3-CP and 4-CP) from aqueous solutions has been investigated. To describe the kinetic data pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models were used. The kinetics data were fitted better into the pseudo-second order model with the coefficient of determination values greater than 0.99. The k2 &ensp values increased in the order 4-CP < 3-CP < 2-CP. Sorption was also analyzed as a function of solution concentration at equilibrium. The experimental data received were found to be well described by the Freundlich isotherm equation. Effectiveness of chlorophenols removal from water on the walnut, pistachio and hazelnut shells was comparable. Individual differences in sorption of monochlorophenols were also negligible.

4

Wykorzystanie łupin orzecha włoskiego do usuwania jonów Cd2+ z roztworów wodnych

Gala A., Sanak-Rydlewska S.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2012

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T. 91, nr 4

531-536

PL

Podano wyniki badań dotyczących sorpcji jonów Cd²⁺ na łupinach orzecha włoskiego. Wykazano, że jony Cd²⁺ sorbują się z wydajnością 41,9–70,4%. Zbadano wpływ czynników, takich jak stężenie sorbentu, czas mieszania, pH roztworu i temperatura na badany proces sorpcji. Adsorpcję jonów Cd²⁺ na łupinach orzecha włoskiego opisano za pomocą modelu Langmuira i Freundlicha. Maksymalna pojemność sorpcyjna dla badanego sorbentu naturalnego wyniosła 17,5 mg/g.

EN

Cd²⁺ ions were adsorbed onto walnut shells with an efficiency 41.9–70.4%. The effect concn. of natural sorbent, mixing time, pH, and temp. was studied. The process of Cd²⁺ ions sorption on the natural sorbent studied was described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The max. adsorption capacity of walnut shells for Cd²⁺ ions was 17.5 mg/g.

5

Methods of allergen detection based on DNA analysis

Słowianek M., Majak I.

Biotechnology and Food Science

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2011

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Vol. 75, nr 2

39-44

EN

Many allergens, such as hazelnut, peanut, charlock, celery, sesame, lupine, walnut, almond, macadamia nut, hickory, pistachio, wheat gliadins, may be present in food products, however, undeclared or as unintentional additives. Due to the growing number of allergic reactions, it is crucial to have fast, reliable methods of allergen detection in processed food products. This review summarizes the recent methods of allergen detection in food products based on PCR reactions, namely PCR-ELISA, Real-time PCR, PCR-PNA-HPLC, Duplex PCR and Multiplex Real-time PCR, describing their principles, applications, detection limits, drawbacks and advantages.

6

Model SSN do wyznaczania siły niszczącej skorupę orzecha włoskiego

Hebda T., Francik S.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2010

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R. 14, nr 5

37-45

PL

Materiał badawczy stanowiły cztery odmiany orzecha włoskiego (Juglans regia L.): Silesia, Targo, Albi i Tryumf. Do tworzenia modelu sztucznych sieci neuronowych (SSN) niezbędna była znajomość rzeczywistej wartości siły niszczącej skorupę orzecha (endokarp). Badania wykonano na maszynie wytrzymałościowej Insight 2 firmy MTS. Jako model służący do wyznaczania siły potrzebnej do rozkruszenia okrywy orzecha włoskiego zastosowano jednokierunkowe wielowarstwowe sieci neuronowe. Opracowano kilka różnych sieci neuronowych, które poddano następnie weryfikacji w celu wybrania modelu najdokładniej opisującego zależność siły niszczącej skorupę orzecha włoskiego od jego cech morfologicznych.

EN

Tests were performed with the use of the following varieties: Silesia, Targo, Albi and Tryumf. For the creation of the SSN model (network learning process), the knowledge of the actual value of the force destroying the walnut cover was necessary. Tests were performed on the testing machine Insight 2 of MTS company. Unidirectional multi-layer neural networks were used as a model aimed at determining the force necessary to crush the walnut cover. Several different neural networks were elaborated and then verified for the purpose of selecting a model that would describe most accurately the dependence of the destructive force on the morphological characteristics of the walnut.

7

Analiza siły niszczącej okrywę orzecha włoskiego

Hebda T., Francik S.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2008

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R. 12, nr 11(109)

83-89

PL

Celem pracy było wyznaczenie siły potrzebnej do zniszczenia okrywy wybranych odmian orzecha włoskiego (Silesia, Targo, Albi i Tryumf). W pracy określono również cechy morfologiczne badanych orzechów, wyznaczając ich średnią masę, wymiary geometryczne a także grubość skorupy. Testy wykonano używając urządzenia Insight 2 firmy MTS. Badane orzechy charakteryzowały się znacznym zróżnicowaniem cech morfologicznych. Największą siłę potrzebną do zniszczenia okrywy badanych odmian orzechów zaobserwowano dla odmiany Tryumf (ponad 772N), najmniejszą dla odmiany Albi (151 N).

EN

The purpose of the work was to determine force required to destroy covers of selected walnut varieties (Silesia, Targo, Albi and Tryumf). Moreover, the research allowed to determine morphological characteristics of the examined walnuts, including their average weight, geometrical dimensions, and shell thickness. The tests were performed using the Insight 2 instrument manufactured by MTS. Tested walnuts proved considerable diversification of morphological characteristics. Highest force required to destroy cover of examined walnut varieties was observed for Tryumf variety (over 772N), and lowest - for Albi variety (151 N).