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1 Eckes K.

1 2005

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Analiza i planowanie dozoru terenu za pomocą narzędzi GIS i CAD

Eckes K.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2005

T. 3, z. 1

27-39

Surveillance of terrain and objects may be an element of management . it may be a part of the organizational scheme of collective operation. Surveillance may be also an activity from the domain of security and protection against criminal acts and acts of terrorism. The latter has particularly gained importance in the present time to the rank of a great civilization problem. Surveillance may cover city centres, properties, objects of particular protection (banks, diplomatic missions, administration buildings) and communication junctions (railway stations, underground stations and airports). The surveillance area always has geometric features, physical conditions and real or is in a virtual state. The surveillance has a range within which it is effective, i.e. . irrespective whether it is direct or indirect . performed by means of monitoring cameras. Real surveillance carried out in real time should be preceded by an analysis in order to increase as much as possible its efficiency. The lack of effective surveillance may bring difficult to estimate losses. Usefulness of the analysis is also confirmed by economic considerations . surveillance entails personal costs, costs of monitoring equipment and costs of exploitation. This paper shows that some tasks in the area surveillance may be solved by GIS tools. ArcGIS 9 package made by Environmental Systems Research Institute (USA) was applied. At the beginning it was shown how to design surveillance of directions and terrain corridors by GIS tools. In the next part of the work geometric conditions are discussed. The discussion shows which conditions must be fulfilled so that one panoramic observation point is sufficient to control the area. Two criteria are formulated (Fig. 1a, 1b, 1c), based on GIS tools [Union] and [Intersect]. In the work take the most places determining of visibility zones from theselected point on optional area uni-coherent (without holes), multi-coherent (which contains holes), flat or differentiated. An analysis was carried out by the geometric method with the use of a selected tool [Select According Location] (Fig, 2, 3, 4) and by the method of light propagation simulation (Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8). For the topographic surface an outline of algorithm for the study of visibility zones is given. The final part of work describes the planning area surveillance by virtual 3-D images. The authod stressed that the main purpose of building such images is their maximum approximation to the future real situations. Advanced computer graphic editors CAD offer rich tools for building of such images (Fig. 10). The methods presented in this work in the domain of area supervision can find also an application in other domains: designing of geodetic network in highly invested areas, including designing of GPS measurements, widely understood real time management of a building site, a quarry or a rescue action, transportation in the search for roads for bulk loads on highly invested areas, geomarketing in the search for suitable places and and in assessment of object visibility foradvertising purposes, military applications. This work is merely an outline of these problems.. Their importance is noticed with due attention in same countries (Geo Information in the Modern State, 2003).