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Screening of sweet and grain sorghum genotypes for green biomass production in different regions of Kazakhstan

Zhapayev Rauan, Toderich Kristina, Kunypiyaeva Gulya, Kurmanbayeva Meruyert, Mustafayev Mustafa, Ospanbayev Zhumagali, Omarova Aiman, Kusmangazinov Adil

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

118--126

EN

As the impact of global climate change increases, the interaction of biotic and abiotic stresses increasingly threatens current agricultural practices. The most effective solution to the problem of climate change and a decrease in the amount of atmospheric precipitation is planting extremely drought-resistant and high-yielding crops. Sorghum can grow in harsh conditions such as salinity, drought and limited nutrients, also it is an important part of the diet in many countries. Sorghum can be introduced in many zones of Kazakhstan. Plant height and yield of green plant biomass of 16 sorghum samples in arid conditions were determined based on a set of agrobiological characteristics for field screening. The height of the studied samples of grain sorghum was 0.47 ±0.03 m, and the height of sweet sorghum was much longer, reaching up to 2.88 ±0.12 m. Also, there was a strong difference in green biomass in cultivated areas under different soil and climatic conditions, the green biomass of sweet sorghum was 3.0 Mg∙ha-1, and in grain sorghum, it reached up to 57.4 Mg∙ha-1. Based on the data of the field assessment for various soil and climatic conditions, the following samples were identified for introduction into production: samples of sweet sorghum for irrigated and rainfed lands of the Almaty Region and in the conditions of non-irrigation agriculture of the Aktobe Region - a promising line ICSV 93046. For non-irrigation agriculture of the Akmola Region, genotypes of sweet and grain sorghum are ‘Chaika’, ‘Kinelskoe 4’ and ‘Volzhskoe 44’.

2

Physiological perspective of starch as a carbon source in two varieties of Carya illinoinensis Koch in Northern Mexico

Briceño-Contreras Edwin Amir, Valenzuela-Núñez Luis Manuel, Martínez-Sifuentes Aldo Rafael, García-De-La-Peña Cristina, Hernández-Herrera José Antonio

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 3

443--452

EN

The study took as a purpose to determine the Total Carbon (TC) content in the biomass, the Starch Carbon fraction (SC) and its annual dynamics in the biomass of perennial organs (stem and root) in adult trees of two of walnut tree (Carya illinoinensis). Four adult Western and Wichita tree stem and root samples were carried out monthly for a whole year. The TC was determined with an elemental analyser and the SC has gotten based on the molecular mass of the glucose (0.40 gC/gGlucose). t-Student test was performed between varieties per organ for the comparison of TC and SC through the program SPSS 15.0 with a significance of p ≤ 0.05. The results in Western variety were 160.02 kg TC and 4.90 kg SC to 7.54 kg SC in the stem; 64.58 kg TC and 1.74 kg SC to 3.09 kg SC in the root; in Wichita variety were presented 119.72 kg TC and 4.49 kg SC to 6.83 kg SC in the stem; 45.72 kg TC and 1.35 kg SC to 2.75 kg SC in the root. The root was the organ where the greatest amount of SC was stored in relation to the stem, due this latter constitutes a transport organ. Temperature has a marked inversely proportional influence on the accumulation of SC in both varieties. Global solar radiation and solar radiation proportionally influence the accumulation of SC.

3

The Effect of Biostimulants on the Chlorophyll Content and Height of Solanum tuberosum L. Plants

Mystkowska Iwona

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

72--77

EN

The effect of foliar feeding with four biostimulants with active substances (Ecklonia maxima algae extract, titanium, humic substances, plant hormones: auxin and cytokinin) on the chlorophyll content and plant height of three Solanum tuberosum cultivars was investigated. A field experiment was carried out in 2015–2017 in eastern Poland in three growing seasons using the split-plot method. The cultivated varieties significantly differentiated the chlorophyll content (SPAD index) and plant height. The research showed the influence of varieties and many years of research on the height of potato plants. The biostimulants increased the value of the SPAD coefficient and the height of the potato plants.

4

Influence of Growth Regulators with Anti–Stress Activity on Productivity Parameters of Sinapis alba L.

Butenko Sergey, Melnyk Andrii, Melnyk Tetiana, Jia Peipei, Kolosok Volodymyr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

128--135

EN

The research results of using growth regulators with anti-stress action which stimulated growth and development of plants, and provided them with resistance to adverse factors during the vegetation period, were presented. The use of plant growth regulators with anti–stress effect on Sinapis alba L. increased the plant resistance to adverse environmental influences, providing adaptation to changing environmental conditions, i.e. it has a stress–correcting effect throughout the whole vegetation period. The result of using drugs on mustard (Sinapis alba L.) was obtaining a significant and stable additional seed yield (0.57 t·ha-1), i.e. an increase in yield by 38%. Over the years of research, the most effective were the applications of Fast Start and Biofoge growth regulators. The most effective processing terms were: during the vegetation period as well as combination of seed treatment and application during the vegetation period.

5

Survival Rate of Willow Depending on the Storage Methods of Planting Material

Daniuk Yurii, Sinchenko Viktor, Dryha Viktoriia, Balan Vasyl, Karpuk Lesia, Topchiy Oksana, Mykolaiko Valerii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

25--32

EN

The paper presents the research results of the survival rate of willow planting material depending on the storage methods and varietal peculiarities. The studies of the storage methods of planting material and their effect on the survival rate of cuttings and shoots were carried out in the years of 2019–2021 in the experimental field of the Institute of bio-energy crops and sugar beets, Ukraine. Two willow (Salix spp.) species: three-stamina variety Panfilivska and common willow variety Zbruch, were studied. Rot-affected cuttings and shoots as well as the number of the sprouted ones were monitored during the period of their placing in the storage till their planting in the field. It was found that both cuttings and shoots stored well in all treatments. During the storage, a small number of sprouted cuttings and disease - affected ones were recorded. Rot-affected cuttings and shoots of both varieties were recorded only when they were stored in plastic bags both with and without lime treatment of incisions. Rot-affected planting material was not recorded when other storage methods were used. It was established that during the storage moisture losses in cuttings and shoots of both varieties were not seen on any record date and as far as the content of nutrition elements (NPK) is concerned, there was a decreasing tendency. It was found that the survival rate of planting material depended on both variety peculiarities and its species, and it was high even on the first record date. Common willow variety Zbruch had the highest percentage of survival rate of cuttings and shoots as compared with the three-stamina variety Panfilivska. All storage methods of cuttings and shoots at air temperature 3–5°C ensure their good shelf-life with small damages caused by disease and slight germination in some years. The survival rate of planting material depended on both varietal peculiarities and its species. The highest percentage of survival rate of cuttings and shoots was typical for common willow variety Zbruch as compared with three-stamina variety Panfilivska.

6

Chickpea Varieties Productivity Depending on Combination of Different Sowing Methods and Sowing Rate in the Eastern Forests Steppe of Ukraine

Rozhkov Arthur O., Karpuk Lesia M., Voropai Yuliia V., Popov Serhii I., Polyakov Oleksandr I., Chigrin Olha V., Potashova Larysa M., Gepenko Oleksandra V., Rumbakh Mykhailo Yu.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

88--101

EN

The article presents the results of four-year studies on the influence of various combinations of the seeding rate and row-spacing width on plants productivity and grain cropping capacity of chickpea varieties in the conditions of Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The highest productivity of chickpea plants of Budzhak and Odyssey varieties was formed on variants with the lowest seeding rate in combination with 15 cm row-spacing. In this variant plant nutrition area was close to the square with the sides ratio 1.0:1.1. At the same time, through the smaller number of plants per unit of area, the grain yield in this variant was significantly inferior to the variants with a higher seeding rate. Two better combination of the seeding rate and row-spacing width were distinguished which ensure the formation of the highest cropping capacity of both chickpea varieties. This is combination of 800 thousand pieces/ha seeding rate with 15 cm row-spacing and 700 thousand pieces/ha seeding rate with 30 cm row-spacing. On mentioned variants, the grain yield of Budzhak variety was 2.34 and 2.44 t/ha respectively, and the grain yield of Odyssey variety - 2.61 and 2.51 t/ha.

7

Vliânie sortovyh osobennostej na urožajnostʹ i kačestvozerna âčmenâ ârovogo v usloviâh Severnoj Stepi Ukrainy

Vinyukov Oleksandr, Dudkina Anna, Poplevko Viktor

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 1

36--39

RU

В статье приведены теоретическое обобщение и новое решение научной задачи, которая заключается в научном обосновании и разработке агротехнологических мероприятий повышения зерновой продуктивности растений ячменя ярового с учетом морфобиологических особенностей сортов, их реакции на предшественники, применение рострегулирующих препаратов и минеральных удобрений. По результатам экспериментальных исследований установлено, что применение агротехнологических приемов при выращивании ячменя ярового способствует улучшению таких биометрических показателей как: количество узловых корней, высота растений, общая и продуктивная кустистость, а, следовательно, и обеспечения оптимальной плотности продуктивного стеблестоя в посеве. Повышение показателей элементов структуры урожая зерна закономерно способствовало увеличению уровня зерновой продуктивности культуры. Так, при сравнении влияния предшественников между собой, было установлено, что урожайность зерна ячменя ярового наивысшей была после гороха, превышая аналогичные показатели, полученные после предшественника подсолнечник на 0,15 т/га. Установлено, что использование в технологическом процессе сорта Степовык, генетически предрасположенного к получению зерна пивоваренного качества, способствует формированию следующих показателей: масса 1000 – 54,0 г, содержания белка – 10,1%, экстрактивность – 75,9%. В результате исследований разработаны новые и усовершенствованы существующие приемы сортовой технологии выращивания ячменя ярового, которые в условиях восточной части Северной Степи способствуют более полной реализации генетического потенциала сортов, увеличивают урожайность, улучшают качество зерна и снижают производственные затраты.

EN

The article presents the results of research that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed agro-technological measures of growing spring barley in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. For the first time the regularities of growth, development and formation the grain productivity of plants of different varieties of spring barley and their adaptive indicators under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors are established. The reaction of plants of different varieties of spring barley to predecessors, mineral fertilizers, use of growth regulators in the conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe for grain formation with appropriate grain quality indicators has been established. By investigation the genetic material that would stabilize the grain productivity of spring barley in the area of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe, a variety of spring barley Skhidnyi and the first brewing variety of spring barley Stepovik was bred. Regardless of the fact that the Northern Steppe is not a typical area for growing malting barley, however, the use of the proposed elements of technology contributes to the production of grain of appropriate quality. An additional impact on the quality of grain products is provided by the use of varieties of the appropriate purpose. Thus, by the using the improved growing technology of spring barley variety Stepovyk the protein content decreased to 10,1%, and the extractivity oppositely, increased to 75,9%. It is revealed that the introduction of the proposed elements of the growing technology of spring barley helps to strengthen the immunity of plants to pathogens of major diseases. As a result of research, new and improved existing methods of varietal technology for growing spring barley, which, in the conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe, contribute to a more complete realization of the genetic potential of varieties, increase yields, improve grain quality and reduce production costs.

8

Morphobiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Monarda L. Varieties under Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Dudchenko Volodymyr Viсtorovich, Svydenko Lyudmyla Viсtorivna, Markovska Olena, Sydiakina Olena Viсtorivna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 8

99--107

EN

Promising essential oil plants from the Lamiaceae family, the raw materials of which are a source of valuable essential oil for pharmaceutical, perfume, cosmetic and food industries, pertain to the Monarda L genus. The Monarda didyma L. and Monarda fistulosa L. species were first imported to Ukraine from Europe and America in the middle of the twentieth century, and today they are successfully cultivated as decorative, spicy-aromatic and medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphobiological features, valuable economic and selective traits of Monarda didyma, Monarda fistulosa and Monarda × hybrida hort., developed for the arid conditions of the southern steppe of Ukraine at the Institute of Rice of the NAAS. The experimental part of the study was performed in 2016–2018 on southern sandy and medium loam black soils (chernozem) in the state enterprise (SE) “Research farm “Novokakhovske”. The experiment was conducted using field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods in accordance with the generally accepted methods and guidelines in Ukraine. The plants of developed varieties undergo a full cycle of development under arid conditions of the southern steppe of Ukraine and are characterised by an increased decorativeness, goodeconomic value, high drought and winter tolerance as well as the resistance to pest damage. Yield, mass fraction and content of essential oil in the aboveground mass of plants were determined. Maximal plant height (120 cm), yield of aboveground mass (18 t/ha), concentration of essential oil (0.8% of crude mass) and thymol content (78.3%) are typical of the variety of Monarda fistulosa, Premiera. The variety of Monarda fistulosa, Fortuna, and variety of Monarda × hybrida hort., Tonya, were inferior to Premiera in all of the above-mentioned indicators but demonstrated increased decorativeness and greater resistance to the fungi causing powdery mildew (Erysiphe monardae, Golovinomyces biocellatus). Therefore, they can be recommended for region-wide cultivation in the agricultural enterprises of the southern steppe of Ukraine as promising essential oil, spice-aromatic and decorative crops. The yield of essential oil from raw materials of Monarda didyma variety, Nizhnist, was lower by 32.9% and 26.8%, while its concentration was lower by 37.5% and 28.6%, compared to the Monarda fistulosa varieties Premiera and Fortuna, respectively.

9

Breeding Spring Soft Wheat for Productivity, Grain Quality, and Resistance to Adverse External Factors in Nothern Kazakhstan

Babkenov Adylkhan Temirhanovich, Babkenova Sandukash Amantaevna, Abdullayev Kenzhe Kozhakhmetovich, Kairzhanov Yelzhas Konspekovich

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 6

8--12

EN

Spring wheat is the main export crop in Kazakhstan. The main share of the grain sold on the world market is the grain of spring wheat grown in Northern Kazakhstan, where the acreage used for this crop reaches 85%, which is about 10 mln ha. Moisture deficiency is the main limiting factor in increasing the yield of spring wheat; in this region, the average annual precipitation is 320–350 mm. Droughts of varying intensity have periodically occurred 2–3 times within the previous five years. Therefore, the yield variability is high and reaches 30% or more. Another reason for the low yield is the occurrence of wheat diseases. Brown rust and Septoria blight are the most common diseases in the region. Upon the joint manifestation of these diseases, the loss of grain yield may reach 30–40%. The research was aimed at creating a drought-resistant, productive, high-quality variety of spring wheat adapted to changes in the environmental conditions. The method of studying has been generally adopted in breeding and genetic studies. In the competitive grade testing, 40 promising lines of spring soft wheat were studied. Line 371/06 had an average yield of 2.54 t/ha, which was higher by 0.48 t/ha than in the standard, and ripened at this level. Over the three years of study, this line has significantly exceeded the Astana variety in terms of the yield. Line 371/06, which has Lr37/Sr38 genes in its genotype, is characterized by group resistance to brown and stem rust. The content of protein in this line amounted on average to 15.22%, which was by 1.38% higher than in the standard Astana variety. By the gluten content, the excess over the standard reached 2.8%. Over the three years of studying the 40 spring wheat lines, line 371/06 has been chosen, which is high-yielding, resistant to droughts, leaf and stem rust, and is of high grain quality. In 2018, line 371/06 was sent for state grade testing under the name of Taymas.

10

Zastosowanie metod i narzędzi projakościowego zarządzania w warunkach różnorodności funkcjonowania współczesnych organizacji

Czyż-Gwiazda E.

Problemy Jakości

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2018

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R. 50, nr 11

23--31

PL

Organizacje funkcjonują obecnie w warunkach dużej różnorodności i zmienności, złożoności i szybkości. To rodzi zarówno szanse, jak i zagrożenia dla organizacji. Różnorodność dotyczy także metod i narzędzi projakościowego zarządzania. Celem niniejszej publikacji jest próba zdiagnozowania postrzegania przez studentów znajomości, poziomu implementacji i istotności wybranych metod i narzędzi projakościowego zarządzania we współczesnych organizacjach, a także dokonanie oceny metod i narzędzi oraz identyfikacja tych o najwyższej ocenie. Badania oparto na literaturze przedmiotu oraz badaniach empirycznych. Opracowanie składa się z pięciu części: dwóch teoretycznych, dwóch badawczych oraz podsumowania. Wyniki wskazują na zbyt niską znajomość i wykorzystanie metod i narzędzi projakościowego zarządzania w organizacjach oraz konieczność doskonalenia tego obszaru u przyszłych menedżerów.

EN

Organizations now operate under conditions of great diversity and variability, complexity and speed. It raises both opportunities and threats to the organization. Diversity also applies to methods and tools for quality management in organizations. The aim of this publication is to diagnose students’ perception of the level of implementation and relevance of selected methods and tools of quality management in contemporary organizations, as well as to evaluate methods and tools and identify the highest rated methods and tools. The research is based on the subject literature and empirical research. The study consists of five parts: two theoretical, two research parts and a summary with conclusions. The results indicate limited knowledge and use of methods and tools of quality management in organizations and the need to improve these competences by future managers.

11

Wielowymiarowość a rozwój logistyki

Mańkowski R.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2018

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nr 11

23--29

PL

Treści artykułu były prezentowane i stanowiły między innymi przedmiot rozważań międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej zorganizowanej w Wydziale Zarządzania i Dowodzenia Akademii Sztuki Wojennej (WZiD ASzWoj). Zawarte w nim zostały aktualne, współczesne treści, poglądy, ustalenia, przewidywania, odniesienia oraz wizje dotyczące dokonujących się obecnie przemian cywilizacyjnych (ustrojowych, gospodarczych, społecznych, kulturowych, ekonomicznych i oświatowych) stanowiących i generujących oraz powodujących wielowymiarowość i różnorodność logistyki w teorii i praktyce, ustalając określony zakres badań naukowych i praktykę gospodarczą dziedzin bezpieczeństwa i obronności w obszarze nauk o społeczeństwie. Wielowymiarowości i różnorodność logistyki towarzyszy zatem „stały” powiększający swój zakres przedmiotowy problem dotyczący tego co jest a co nie jest logistyką? Niewątpliwie wskazane wcześniej przemiany cywilizacyjne są naturalną konsekwencją rozwoju (ewolucji) teorii logistyki i jej praktycznego zastosowania.

EN

The content of the article was presented and discussed among other during the international scientific conference at the Department of Management and Command of the Military Academy of Arts. The elaboation covers updated contemporary issues, opinions, prognoses, references and visions concerning ongoing civilization changes (systemic, economic, social, cultural and educational)generating the variety of logistics and causing its multidimensionality in theory and practice outlining the certain range of scientific research and economic practice of the security and defense branches in the field of social sciences. Since the variety and multidimensionality of logistics have been accompanied with its permanently increasing topical range of the problem concerning the choice what is logistics or not. Undoubtedly, the formerly indicated civilization changes are a natural consequence of development (evolution) of the logistics theory and its practical use.

12

Wielowymiarowość a rozwój logistki

Mańkowski R.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2018

|

nr 11

286--297, CD

PL

Treści artykułu były prezentowane i stanowiły między innymi przedmiot rozważań międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej zorganizowanej w Wydziale Zarządzania i Dowodzenia Akademii Sztuki Wojennej (WZiD ASzWoj). Zawarte w nim zostały aktualne, współczesne treści, poglądy, ustalenia, przewidywania, odniesienia oraz wizje dotyczące dokonujących się obecnie przemian cywilizacyjnych (ustrojowych, gospodarczych, społecznych, kulturowych, ekonomicznych i oświatowych) stanowiących i generujących oraz powodujących wielowymiarowość i różnorodność logistyki w teorii i praktyce, ustalając określony zakres badań naukowych i praktykę gospodarczą dziedzin bezpieczeństwa i obronności w obszarze nauk o społeczeństwie. Wielowymiarowości i różnorodność logistyki towarzyszy zatem „stały” powiększający swój zakres przedmiotowy problem dotyczący tego co jest a co nie jest logistyką? Niewątpliwie wskazane wcześniej przemiany cywilizacyjne są naturalną konsekwencją rozwoju (ewolucji) teorii logistyki i jej praktycznego zastosowania.

EN

The content of the article was presented and discussed among other during the international scientific conference at the Department of Management and Command of the Military Academy of Arts. The elaboation covers updated contemporary issues, opinions,prognoses, references and visions concerning ongoing civilization changes (systemic, economic, social, cultural and educational)generating the variety of logistics and causing its multidimensionality in theory and practice outlining the certain range of scientific research and economic practice of the security and defense branches in the field of social sciences. Since the variety and multidimensionality of logistics have been accompanied with its permanently increasing topical range of the problem concerning the choice what is logistics or not. Undoubtedly, the formerly indicated civiliztion changes are a natural consequence of development (evolution) of the logistics theory and its practical use.

13

The effect of ecological and geographical factors on environmental parameters as a background for vegetables selection

Skaryna U., Skaryna V.

Agricultural Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 22, No. 2

99--106

EN

The aim of the study is to find out the role of the ecological and geographical fator in obtaining sustainable yields and the assessment of the environment as a background for the selection in breeding of vegetable adaptive ability. Objects of research: winter garlic, vegetables beans, headed salad. Research was conducted in various ecological and geographical zones of Belarus, Russia, Uzbekistan. Environmental parameters as the background for selection were determined using Kilchevsky's, L. V. Hotyleva’s (1985), technique, Kilchevsky (1985). Differences between testing points on environmental parameters for determining the trait “yielding capacity” have been revealed, maximum environmental productivity at assessing various genotype sets has been determined. Long-term research showed that sustainable productivity depends on the ability of a genotype to respond to environmental conditions. Based on the obtained results, statistical parameters of quantity traits of the parent material, their variability depending on ecological-geographical factor and the character of influence on the potential yields and ecological sustainability have been received. Using various ecological and geographical zones helps to reveal the potential of plants in given conditions on sustainability and productivity parameters. Testing of winter garlic, beans, head salad allowed differentiation of them according to adaptability capacity at various set of genotypes. It was found out that research must be carried out at highly productive and analyzing backgrounds to get the required material. One of the main methods enabling to increase plant selection efficiency is the use of natural ecological backgrounds.

PL

Celem badania było ustalenie roli czynnika ekologiczno-geograficznego w uzyskiwaniu organicznych plonów i ocenie środowiska w kontekście wyboru hodowli warzyw ze zdolnością adaptacyjną. Obiekty badań: czosnek ozimy, fasola, sałata głowiasta. Badania prowadzono w różnych strefach ekologiczno-geograficznych Białorusi, Rosji i Uzbekistanu. Parametry środowiskowe w kontekście selekcji zostały określone za pomocą techniki Kilchevskiego, L.V. Hotyleva (1985), Kilchevskiego (1985). Ustalono różnice pomiędzy punktami badawczymi parametrów środowiskowych w celu oznaczenia cechy „wydajność plonowania". Ustalono także maksymalną wydajność środowiska podczas oceny różnych zestawów genotypów. Długotrwałe badania wykazały, że wydajność ekologiczna zależy od zdolności genotypu do odpowiedzi na warunki środowiska. W oparciu o uzyskane wyniki otrzymano parametry statystyczne cech ilościowych materiału, ich różnorodność w zależności od czynnika ekologiczno-geograficznego i charakteru wpływu na możliwy plon i organiczność. Zastosowanie różnych stref ekologiczno-geograficznych pomaga odkryć potencjał roślin w określonych warunkach w odniesieniu do parametrów zrównoważonego charakteru i wydajności. Badania nad czosnkiem ozimym, fasolą i sałatą pozwoliły rozróżnić je w zależności od możliwości adaptacyjnych przy różnych zestawach genotypów. Zaobserwowano, że badania należy prowadzić w warunkach wysokiej wydajności i analizy, aby uzyskać wymagany materiał. Zastosowanie naturalnych warunków ekologicznych jest jedną z głównych metod pozwalających zwiększyć wydajność selekcji roślin.

14

Ocena nawadniania sadu śliwowego

Stachowski P., Liberacki D., Kozaczyk P.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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nr I/1

41--54

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ocenę wpływu nawadniania podkoronowego na wzrost i plonowanie 5 odmian śliw: Hanita ,Elena President, Amers, Jojo. Śliwy uprawiano w indywidualnym gospodarstwie sadowniczym w miejscowości Pyzdry w województwie wielkopolskim. Oceniane odmiany posadzono na podkładce Węgierki Wangenheima jesienią 2010 roku, na glebie lekkiej kompleksu żytniego dobrego. Wpływ zastosowanego nawadniania oceniono w 3 i 4 roku (w 2013 i 2014 roku) po posadzeniu, gdyż w pierwszych latach nie zastosowano nawadniania. Nawodnienie stosowano, gdy potencjał wody w glebie obniżył się poniżej - 0,01 MPa. Do nawodnień użyto zraszaczy „Head” o rozstawie 4 x 3m. Między rzędami drzew utrzymywano murawę trawiastą, a w rzędach ugór herbicydowy. Przed zastosowaniem nawadniania (2012 rok) plony śliw wynosiły średnio 0,8 kg·drzewo-1. W zależności od sum opadów atmosferycznych w poszczególnych okresach wegetacyjnych 2013 i 2014 roku, zastosowano zróżnicowane dawki w ilości od 10mm do 35mm łącznie 90mm w okresie od IV do VII 2013roku oraz w ilości od 15mm do 80mm, łącznie 200mm, w okresie od IV do VIII 2014 roku. Pod wpływem nawadniania plony wzrosły średnio o 1,1 kg · drzewo-1, w pierwszym roku nawadniania (2013rok). Największy przyrost plonu dzięki nawadnianiu (średnio o 1,2 t·ha-1) do ilości 3,7 t·ha-1, stwierdzono w 2014 roku. W stosunku do okresu wegetacji 2012 roku, w którym nie nawadniano o zbliżonej sumie i rozkładzie opadów oraz średniej temperaturze powietrza, średni wzrost plonu był ponad 3-krotny. Produkcyjność 1mm wody w 2 letnim okresie prowadzenia nawadniania wyniosła 10,7 na 1mm kg·ha-1 i w istotny sposób zależała od warunków pogodowych, a zwłaszcza od ilości i rozkładu opadów.

EN

This paper presents an assessment of the impact of irrigation on the growth and yield of five varieties of plums: Hanita, Elena, President, Amers, Jojo. The plums were grown in individual fruit farm in the village of Pyzdry in Wielkopolska. The assessed plum varieties were planted on stems of Węgierki Wangenheim in the autumn of 2010, on light soil good rye complex. The influence of different irrigation was assessed after 3 and 4 years (in 2013 and 2014) after planting, because in the early years there was no applied irrigation. Irrigation was used when the soil water potential decreased below - 0,01 MPa. The sprinkler „Head” was used for irrigation with a spacing 4 x 3m. Between the rows of trees there were grassy field and rows of herbicide fallow. Before the usage of irrigation (2012) the plum yields averaged 0,8 kg · tree-1. Depending on the precipitation totals in different growing seasons in 2013 and 2014, the doses varied from 10mm to 35mm, including 90mm from the IV to the VII month of 2013 and in an amount from 15mm to 80mm, 200mm in total, in the IV to VIII month of 2014. Under the effect of irrigation, the yields increased by an average of 1,1 kg · tree-1, in the first year of irrigation (2013). The largest increase in yield due to irrigation (an average of 1,2 t·ha-1) to the amount of 3,7 t·ha-1, was found in 2014. In relation to the vegetation period of 2012 when there was no irrigation, with a similar sum and distribution of rainfall and the average air temperature, the average increase in yield was more than 3-fold. Productivity of 1mm water over a period of 2 years of irrigation resulted in 0,7 for 1mm kg·ha-1 and essentially depended on the weather conditions, especially the amount and distribution of rainfall.

15

Assessment of the suitability of oat varieties (Avena sativa L.) for cultivation in organic system

Feledyn-Szewczyk B., Jończyk K.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 61, nr 3

82--87

EN

In the years 2014-2015 the study on the suitability of 7 oat varieties: 2 hulled (Bingo, Krezus) and 5 naked (Cacko, Maczo, Nagus, Polar, Siwek) for cultivation in organic farming was done. The experiments were conducted in two locations: Grabów (Mazowieckie province, organic farm of IUNG - PIB) and Chwałowice (Mazowieckie province, organic farm of CDR in Radom). In 2014 the yield of oats was on average by 2.0 t·ha-1 lower than in 2015 due to adverse weather conditions (excess rainfall and low temperatures during sowing and emergence). Naked varieties responded by greater reduction in yields (yield in the range of 1.5-3.0 t·ha-1) compared to the hulled varieties (4.1-5.4 t·ha-1), which was a consequence of the weaker emergence and small density of canopy. In 2015 favorable distribution of rainfall during a critical period for the development of oats allowed to get a good compactness of crop canopy, which together with the lack of fungal diseases provided the high productivity of this species. In both years of research hulled varieties yielded higher than the naked varieties (on average by 66%). Among the naked varieties the highest yield was obtained for Maczo variety (average 3.76 t·ha-1) and Siwek in Grabow (3.84 t·ha-1) and the lowest for Cacko (2.94 t·ha-1), due to the smallest density of plants and ears. Differences in the intensity of oat infestation between the localizations of experiments and oat varieties were found. Hulled oats varieties: Bingo and Krezus were characterized by greater competitiveness in relation to the weeds compared to the naked oat varieties (13% fewer weeds and 40% less dry matter of weeds). The greater competitive ability against weeds of hulled oat varieties compared with naked was the result of bigger plant and ears density, a greater dry matter of underground parts and the height of plants. Assessment of leaf infection of examined oat varieties in milky-wax maturity stage in 2014 showed moderate intensity of corona rust and leaf spot as well as slight degree of Septoria diseases while in 2015 showed no symptoms. The symptoms of Fusarium disease in both years occurred sporadically and showed no statistically significant differences between varieties.

PL

W latach 2014-2015 przeprowadzono badania przydatności do uprawy w rolnictwie ekologicznym 7 odmian owsa:2 oplewionych (Bingo, Krezus) i 5 nagoziarnistych (Cacko, Maczo, Nagus, Polar, Siwek). Doświadczenia wykonano w 2 lokalizacjach: Grabów (woj. mazowieckie, gospodarstwo ekologiczne IUNG - PIB) oraz Chwałowice (woj. mazowieckie, gospodarstwo CDR Radom).W 2014 r. poziom plonowania owsa był średnio o 2,0 t/ha niższy niż w 2015 r., ze względu na niekorzystne warunki pogodowe (nadmiar opadów i niskie temperatury w okresie wysiewu i wschodów). Większą obniżką plonów zareagowały odmiany nagoziarniste (plon w zakresie 1.5-3.0 t·ha-1) w porównaniu do odmian oplewionych (4.1-5.4 t·ha-1), co było konsekwencją słabszych wschodów i małej zwartości łanów. W 2015 r. sprzyjający rozkład opadów w okresie krytycznym dla rozwoju owsa umożliwił otrzymanie dobrej zwartości łanu, co w powiązaniu z brakiem porażenia przez choroby grzybowe zapewniło wysoką wydajność tego gatunku. W obu latach badań odmiany oplewione plonowały wyżej niż odmiany nieoplewione (średnio o 66%). Spośród odmian nagoziarnistych najwyższe plony uzyskano dla odmiany Maczo (średnio 3,76 t/ha) oraz Siwek w Grabowie (3,84 t/ha), a najniższe dla odmiany Cacko (2,94 t/ha), ze względu na najmniejszą obsadę roślin i kłosów. Stwierdzono różnice w zachwaszczeniu łanów owsa między miejscowościami i odmianami. Odmiany oplewione owsa - Bingo i Krezus wyróżniały się większą konkurencyjnością w stosunku do chwastów w porównaniu do odmian nagoziarnistych (o 13% mniejsza liczba chwastów i o 40% mniejsza sucha masa chwastów). Większa konkurencyjność w stosunku do chwastów odmian oplewionych owsa w porównaniu z nieoplewionymi wynikała z większej obsady roślin i masy części nadziemnych oraz wysokości roślin. Ocena porażenia liści badanych odmian owsa w fazie dojrzałości mlecznowoskowej w 2014 r. wykazała umiarkowane nasilenie rdzy koronowej i plamistości liści oraz niewielki stopień porażenia septoriozą, natomiast w 2015 r. nie wykazała objawów chorobowych. Objawy fuzariozy w obu latach badań wystąpiły sporadycznie i nie wykazano statystycznie istotnych różnic między odmianami.

16

The Impact of Methods of Care on the Content and Collection of Zinc and Copper With the Yield of Potato Tubers

Gugała M., Zarzecka K., Sikorska A., Dołęga H., Kapela K., Krasnodębska E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 4

289--294

EN

The field experiment was conducted in the years of 2012–2014 in the Agricultural Experimental Station Zawady belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. The two factor experiment was set up in the split-plot system in triplicate. The investigated factors were: I – three varieties of edible potato: Bartek, Gawin and Honorata. II – five ways of care: 1. Harrier herbicide 295 ZC – 2.0 dm3·ha-1; 2. Harrier herbicide 295 ZC – 2.0 dm3·ha-1 with the biostimulator Kelpak SL – 4.0 dm3·ha-1; 3. Sencor herbicide 70 WG – 1.0 kg·ha-1; 4. Sencor herbicide 70 WG – 1.0 kg·ha-1 with the biostimulator Asahi SL – 1.5 dm3·ha-1; 5. The control object – mechanical care. The content of zinc and copper and their collection with the yield of tubers significantly depended on the ways of care, genetic factor and climatic conditions in the years of the study. In the objects (2, 4) where herbicides were used with biostimulators, a greater concentration of zinc was obtained in relation to the control object and the remaining (3, 5) in which only herbicides were used. The applied care methods did not affect the content of copper in the analysed tubers. The greatest collection of zinc an copper with the yield of tubers was obtained in the objects: where the mixture of the Sencor herbicide 70 WG – 1.0 kg·ha-1 was used with the biostimulator Asahi SL – 1.5 dm3-1 and herbicide Sencor 70 WG in a dose of – 1.0 kg ·ha-1.

17

Analiza zawartości składników mineralnych w ziarnie orkiszu ozimego (Triticum aestivum ssp spelta l.) w zależności od systemu uprawy, nawożenia azotowego i odmiany

Stankowski S., Hury G., Makrewicz A., Jurgiel-Małecka G., Gibczyńska M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2016

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Nr 49

227--232

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu dwóch systemów uprawy i dawek nawożenia azotem na zawartość składników mineralnych (azotu, fosforu, potasu, wapnia, magnezu, manganu) w ziarnie trzech odmian/ rodów, ozimego orkiszu pszennego (Triticum aestivum ssp spelta L.) Doświadczenie polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2009–2011 w Rolniczej Stacji Doświadczalnej w Lipniku (53º42’N, 14º97’S), należącej do Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie. Doświadczenie założono na glebie brunatnej wytworzonej z piasku gliniastego lekkiego, o odczynie lekko kwaśnym – pH w 1 mol KCl – 6,5. Materiał do analizy stanowiło ziarno orkiszu pszennego ozimego. W badaniach analizowno wpływ trzech czynników: dwie metody uprawy gleby: uproszczona i konwencjonalna (I. czynnik), cztery dawki azotu: 0, 50, 100 i 150 kg N·ha-1 (II. czynnik) i 3 odmiany/rody: Franckenkorn, Oberkulmer Rotkorn, STH 12 (III. czynnik). Ziarno orkiszu pszennego (Triticum spelta L.) uprawianego w systemie bezorkowym charakteryzowało się większą zawartością każdego z badanych pierwiastków analizowanych w doświadczeniu, jednakże istotne zróżnicowanie, dotyczyło tylko potasu i manganu. Wzrastające nawożenie azotowe spowodowało istotne, proporcjonalne do dawki, zwiększenie zawartości azotu oraz obniżenie potasu i magnezu i nie miało wpływu na zawartość fosforu, wapnia i magnezu w ziarnie badanych roślin. Ilość składników mineralnych (azotu, fosforu, potasu, wapnia, magnezu, manganu) w ziarnie orkiszu zależała od odmiany. Najwyższą zasobnością badanych pierwiastków, charakteryzowało się ziarno odmiany Franckernkorn a najniższą rodu STH 12.

EN

The aim of the study was the assessment of the influence of two cultivation systems and doses of nitrogen fertilization on the content of mineral elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and manganese) in grain of three varieties of winter spelt (Triticum asetivum ssp spelta L.). The field experiment was conducted in the period 2009–2011 in the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik (53º42’N, 14º97’S), administered by West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. The experiment was set up on brown earth composed of loamy sands of slightly acidic pH – 6.5 in 1 mol KCl. The material for the analysis was the grain of winter spelt. Three factors were compared in the analysis: two methods of soil cultivation – simplified and conventional – (I factor), four doses of nitrogen: 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N·ha-1 (II factor) and three varieties: Franckenkorn, Oberkulmer Rotkorn, STH 12 (III factor). The grain of spelt (Triticum spelta L.) cultivated according to the simplified system was marked by increased content of mineral elements, yet it varied significantly only for two the elements: potassium and manganese. Depending on the analyzed element, the effect of nitrogen fertilization varied. The increase in the dose resulted in a significant linear increase in nitrogen content in spelt grain, and a proportional decrease in potassium and magnesium content with no differences in the content of phosphorus, calcium and manganese. The content of mineral elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese) in spelt grain varied according to a given variety. The highest content of the analyzed elements was found in grain of Franckernkorn variety, and the lowest in STH12.

18

Preliminary results from sculpture analysis of the apiculate miospores from the Upper Visean of Kaluga region, Russia

Mamontov D.A., Orlova O. A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 1

95--96

EN

Palynological materials for the present study are well preserved apiculate miospores collected from palynoassemblage MS-6 of Mstikhino quarry, Kaluga Region. The unique palynoassemblage MS-6 has been extensively studied by the authors in recent years (Mamontov 2012, Mamontov & Orlova 2014). The unusual attribute of the assemblage is a great variety of the miospores with transition apiculate sculpture (grain-coni-papillae). However, it remained unclear whether the different ornamentation types had similar ranges of variation within both the sculptural elements and arrangement of the ornaments. The general purpose of the research is comparison of similar sculptural patterns from triangular apiculate miospores based on the range of morphological variation. Preliminary results of sculpture analysis of some apiculate miospores from the locality have been obtained. For the present study thirty specimens of each species Granulatisporites granulatus Ibrahim, Iugisporis subintortus (Kedo) Mamontov comb. nov., Lophotriletes parviverrucosus (Waltz) Kedo were accidentally sampled from the assemblage MS-6. All specimens were examined by the methods of transmitted light and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally we applied the model of sculptural analysis introduced and modified by Vezey et al. (1992). Measurements of sculptural features were carried out by the image-analyzing software ImageJ. Statistical data were summarized in the MS Excel. Thus several sculpture variables have been measured: - average Wadell’s diameter (it is diameter of circle having a same area as a base of the sculpture elements (grain, coni or papillae)); - average height of the elements; - average distance between the edges of adjacent elements; - average polar diameter of spore; - average length of the trilete rays; - spore outline; - quantity of elements on the visible spore hemisphere; - quantity of elements are located along the spore equator. Fifty measurements of the each variable were produced. Range of variation for the features was evaluated by coefficient of variation (CV). As a result of the analysis the three species are defined by continuous variation of the polar outline between triangular concave to triangular with slightly convex sides. Similarities within shape and size of the elements were indicated. Grains, coni and papillae are characterized by similar continuous variation of apices with blunt, pointed and rounded shape. Some of the elements are supplied by bifurcating tops while the other ones are fused by the bases. Amount of the elements is differed within each species. Ornamentation of the Granulatisporites granulatus is restricted by about 290 elements of the proximal hemisphere. The same feature of the Iugisporis subintortus is defined by about 212 coni-like elements. In contrast the Lophotriletes parviverrucosus are attributed by about 170 sculptural unites. All specimens of Iugisporis are characterized by medium coefficient of variation 26% for diameter of the base of the coni (Wadell’s diameter), but the CV of height of the elements is about 35%. Variation of the distance between the coni is extremely high 60%. For the Lophotriletes specimens CV of the Wadell’s diameter is increased up to 30% and variation of the height of papillae became more stronger – 44%. However, there are no differences in CV of the distance between the papillae in comparison to the Iugisporis. Coefficient of variation of Wadell’s diameter for specimens of Granulatisporites is indicated by level 25%. Variability of grain height is about to 30%. However, variance of distance between the adjacent grains is decreased up to 40% in contrast to other species. Variation of the polar diameter and length of rays from the all specimens are inconspicuous changed up to 12%. Additionally specimens of the all species are marked by correlation between amount of elements along the spore equator and concavity of the interradial sides of spore outline. Quantity of the equatorial elements was salutatory increased while the interradial sides became more concave. However it would generally depend on the average polar diameter of the spores. Significantly, size of the sculptural elements unevenly increased ongoing from polar area to equatorial margin of the spores. In additional, continuous variation between granulate, coni and papillae ornamentations have been observed within the studied specimens. Accordingly, all morphological features of the genera Granulatisporites , Iugisporis , Lophotriletes were subdivided into three categories: 1) common characteristics which are more stable: polar diameter, length of rays, spore outline; 2) variable characteristics which are defined by high coefficient of variation: quantity of elements, height of the elements, distance between the edges of adjacent elements, Wadell’s diameter; 3) variable qualitative characteristics: shape, type and distribution of sculptural unites. The results lead us to believe that such qualitative characters as type, shape and arrangement of sculpture elements are strongly connected with measured CV of characteristics from b) category. In accordance to morphon concept introduced by van der Zwan (1979) the group of miospore species is united in morphon by similar continuous variation of morphological features. Therefore, such morphologically similar species have the same range of CV of the coincident sculpture features. However it should be noted that this conclusion are restricted by common occurrence of transitional sculpture variations of the apiculate spores. Also it is possible that different value CV from different variables were caused by the different role of the sculptural feature in natural selection.

19

Impact of agrotechnical methods on the energetic productivity of sweet sorghum

Kurilo V., Marchuk A., Ivanovs S.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 60, nr 2

50--53

EN

Since the contemporary energy policy in most European countries is based, to a significant degree, on the import of the energetic raw materials and the resources of the fossil sources of energy will be exhausted in the nearest perspective, investigation of new, alternative kinds of fuel is at present a highly urgent task. Sweet sorghum belongs to the crops with a high biomass potential due to its high drought. The conducted investigations envisaged to study the impact of various doses of mineral nutrients and the measures of protection of sowings against weeds on the energetic productivity of the sweet sorghum Silosnoje 42 variety and the Medovij hybrid. The experiments were conducted using a method of systematic repetitions and applying common methodologies of agronomy. It was established that application of mineral fertilisers with the dose N80P80K80 on the background of the herbicide Dialen Super favoured increased release of energy by 195.1 GJ ha-1 for the Silosnoje 42 variety and by 224.8 GJ ha-1 for the Medovij hybrid. When a dose of mineral fertilisers N160P160K160 was applied, the increase was respectively 254.8 and 340.2 GJ ha-1 in comparison with variants without fertiliser and herbicide application.

PL

Odkąd współczesna polityka energetyczna w większości krajów europejskich jest oparta, w znacznym stopniu, na imporcie surowców energetycznych a zasoby paliw kopalnianych w najbliższej perspektywie zostaną wyczerpane, badanie nowych, alternatywnych rodzajów paliw stało się bardzo pilnym zadaniem. Słodkie sorgo należy do upraw o silnym potencjale bio-masy, wynikającym z wysokiej zawartości suchej masy. Przeprowadzono badania wpływu różnych dawek nawozów mineralnych i herbicydów na energetyczną wydajność słodkiego sorgo odmiany Silosnoje 42 i hybrydy Medovij. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono z użyciem metody systematycznych powtórzeń i stosowania ogólnie przyjętych metodyk agronomii. Ustalono, że aplikowanie dawki nawozów mineralnych N80P80K80 wraz z herbicydem Dialen Super powodowało wzrost wartości energetycznej do 195.1 GJ ha-1 dla odmiany Silosnoje 42 i do 224.8 GJ ha-1 dla hybrydy Medovij. Gdy zastosowano dawkę nawozów mineralnych N160P160K160, nastąpił wzrost odpowiednio do 254.8 i 340.2 GJ ha-1 w porównaniu z wariantami bez podania nawozu i herbicydu.

20

Attractiveness of the Manhattan district

Paprzyca K.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2015

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Y. 112, iss. 3-A

143--159

EN

The urban space in today's world has become, in many cities, "rootless" and "alienated". "Non-places are all those spaces, which are the antithesis of home, domesticated space, well-oriented, almost temple-like, personalized, with their own history and accumulated memory. In the space of home people had names and surnames, had well-defined identities" [20, p. 10]. "Impersonal lone crowd" [12] in public spaces leads to a dangerous phenomenon of creation of closed-off enclaves of people who have interactions only within them and control one another. It leads to fear of new challenges, emotions, passions, social life. It also paves the way for depopulation of cities and lack of eagerness to live in them, because cities become less interesting. The phenomenon of "attractiveness of cities" and city space pertains to identity and social distinctiveness of places, friendly neighborhood, good access to communication and shopping, services, culture and recreation. This characterizes Manhattan – the New York district that never sleeps. It is vibrant with life and energy, with an infectious atmosphere, thereby rendering it one of the most attractive in the world. The emotions that it evokes forever inscribe themselves in our memory.

PL

Dzisiejsza przestrzeń miejska w wielu miastach stała się przestrzenią " wykorzenioną" i "wyobcowaną". "Nie-miejsca to wszystkie te przestrzenie, które są antytezą domu, przestrzeni oswojonej, zorientowanej, niemal jak świątynie, spersonalizowanej, mającej swoją historię i nagromadzoną pamięć. W przestrzeni domowej ludzie mieli imiona i nazwiska, posiadali dobrze zdefiniowane tożsamości" [20, s. 10]. "Bezosobowy samotny tłum" [12] w przestrzeniach publicznych prowadzi do niebezpiecznego zjawiska powstawania zamkniętych enklaw ludzi, którzy się kontaktują i znają tylko we własnym gronie i nawzajem się kontrolują. Jego konsekwencją jest strach przed nowymi wyzwaniami, emocjami, namiętnościami, życiem towarzyskim. Doprowadza również do wyludniania miast, ludzie nie wykazują chęci chęci zamieszkania w nich, ponieważ miasta stają się mało atrakcyjne. W zjawisku "atrakcyjności" miast, przestrzeni miejskich chodzi o tożsamości i wyrazistość przestrzenną miejsca, przyjazne sąsiedztwo, dobrą dostępność komunikacyjną i dobrą dostępność do zespołów usługowo-handlowo-kulturowo-rekreacyjnych. Cechy te charakteryzują Nowy York – dzielnicę Manhattan, która nigdy nie śpi. Tętni życiem, energią, która udziela się każdemu, czyniąc Manhattan jedną z najatrakcyjniejszych dzielnic na świecie. Czyni ją również jedną z bogatszych, przepływają bowiem przez nią nie tylko ludzie, ale i pieniądze. Emocje, jakie budzi, na zawsze pozostają w pamięci.