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1

Fast Fourier Transform detection and reduction of high-frequency errors from the results of surface topography profile measurements of honed textures

Podulka Przemysław

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 1

84--93

EN

In this paper, various type of noise detection procedures with surface topography profile analysis were proposed, compared (studied) and suggested. The honed cylinder liner surface textures with additionally burnished oil pockets were measured with a stylus or optical approaches. Measurement errors, defined as high-frequency measurement noise, were taken into sufficient consideration. It was proposed to select the noise detection methods more with profile (2D) than areal (3D) assessments; some-frequency noise was much easier to observe in profile than surface analysis. Moreover, applications of various type of regular filtration methods, mostly based on Gaussian functions, were compared with Fast Fourier Transform filtration for detection or reduction of some (high) frequency-defined measurement errors.

2

Phytocenoses with a considerable share of Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv.

Grzelak M., Mackiewicz D., Murawski M., Janyszek S., Runowski S., Knioła A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 60, nr 3

106--108

EN

Basic studies were conducted in the Notec Bystra valley at the Biała - Radolin - Radolinek section, in the vegetation season in 2012, and supplementary studies, mainly site studies, were conducted in 2014. In terms of the administrative division this area is located in the northern part of the Wielkopolskie province in the Czarnków-Trzcianka county. Analyses were carried out on seventeen phytocenoses with a marked dominance of tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv.). In the floristic composition native species were predominant, accounting for 92.72%, of which 70.91% were apophytes and 21.81% - spontaneophytes. Alien species (kenophytes and archeophytes) were relatively scarce and accounted for 7.28%. Analysed phytocenoses in the plant community are characterized by a medium floristic diversity, defined by the calculated Shannon-Wiener index H’ = 2.7. In turn, the nature value index was 2.16. Fodder value was low, with yields of hay at 3.2 - 4.2 (t ha-1) and fodder value score Fvs = 3.9.

PL

Badania zasadnicze przeprowadzono w dolinie Noteci Bystrej na odcinku Biała - Radolin - Radolinek, w sezonie wegetacyjnym w 2012, a uzupełniające, głównie siedliskowe, w 2014 r. Pod względem administracyjnym obszar ten jest położony w północnej części województwa wielkopolskiego, w powiecie czarnkowsko-trzcianeckim. Przeanalizowano siędemnaście płatów z widoczną dominacją śmiałka darniowego. (Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv.). W składzie florystycznym przeważają gatunki rodzimego pochodzenia, które stanowią 92,72% z czego 70,91% to apofity, a 21,81% - spontaneofity. Gatunki obcego pochodzenia (kenofity i archeofity) występują stosunkowo nielicznie i stanowią 7,28%. Analizowane płaty zbiorowiska odznaczają się średnią różnorodnoscią florystyczną, która charakteryzuje obliczony wskaźnik Shannona- Wienera wynoszący H’ = 2,7. Natomiast wskaźnik waloryzacji przyrodniczej wynosi 2,16. Wartość paszowa jest niska, plony siana kształtują się na poziomie 3,2 - 4,2 (t ha-1), a wartość użytkowa (Lwu = 3,9).

3

The prognosis of influence of the Oder River waters dammed by Malczyce barrage on left bank areas

Chalfen M., Łyczko W., Pływaczyk L.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2014

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no. 21

19--27

EN

The finalisation of the construction of the Malczyce barrage is planned for 2015. Damming of the river will cause a change in the water and ground conditions in the adjoining areas. The paper analyses the influence of the water level in the Oder River dammed by the barrage on groundwater table level in the left bank valley. A model which allows the prediction of groundwater levels depending on the assumed water level in the Oder was constructed. The analysis was conducted for three different variants: for the initial stage before damming the Oder River and for the conditions after damming the water up with and without the drainage devices included in the project. The calculations were done in several chosen transects across the river valley. The mathematical model of flow in the aquifer based on the Richards equation was applied. The results of calculations were presented as the spatial distribution of piezometric pressures which were used to determine the groundwater table for each of the transects. The calculation results from the vertical models were transposed into a horizontal model. The comparison of appropriate results allowed to positively verify the designed model and to analyse the effectiveness of the realised project solutions.

PL

Zakończenie budowy stopnia wodnego Malczyce jest planowane na rok 2015. Spiętrzenie rzeki wpłynie na zmianę dotychczasowych warunków gruntowo-wodnych na terenie przyległym. Przedmiotem pracy jest analiza wpływu poziomu wód Odry spiętrzonych tym stopniem na poziomy wód gruntowych na terenie lewobrzeżnej doliny. Opracowany został model matematyczny, który umożliwia symulację poziomów wody gruntowej w lewobrzeżnej dolinie w zależności od przyjętego poziomu wody w Odrze. Analiza została przeprowadzona w trzech różnych wariantach: stan przed piętrzeniem wody w Odrze oraz po spiętrzeniu z uwzględnieniem i bez uwzględnienia urządzeń odwadniających przewidzianych w projekcie. Obliczenia symulacyjne przeprowadzono w kilkunastu wytypowanych przekrojach pionowych przez dolinę. Zastosowano model matematyczny przepływu bazujący na równaniu Richardsa. Jako wyniki obliczeń uzyskano przestrzenny rozkład ciśnień piezometrycznych, które posłużyły do wyznaczenia w każdym przekroju pionowym linii zwierciadła wód gruntowych. Uzyskane wyniki obliczeń z modeli pionowych na drodze interpolacji zostały przetransponowane na model horyzontalny. Porównanie wyników obliczeń w wariancie przed piętrzeniem z mapami hydroizohips wykreślonymi na podstawie obserwacji terenowych dało podstawę do pozytywnej weryfikacji opracowanego modelu. Wykonane obliczenia umożliwiły przeanalizowanie skuteczności przyjętych do realizacji rozwiązań projektowych.

4

Wpływ spękań ciosowych na kształtowanie przebiegu dolin rzecznych zachodniego Podhala

Majewski K.

Landform Analysis

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2013

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Vol. 24

55--64

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad zgodnością kierunkowości spękań ciosowych, pomierzonych w odsłonięciach skalnych w korytach potoków, z kierunkami przebiegu dolin rzecznych niższego rzędu. Analizy wskazują, że górne odcinki badanych dolin kierunkowo nawiązują do orientacji dominującego systemu spękań ciosowych. Zgodność ta może stanowić świadectwo procesu formowania się dolin rzecznych wzdłuż spękań ciosowych systemu diagonalnego. W przeciwieństwie do górnych odcinków badanych dolin, w ich dolnych odcinkach przebieg osi doliny jest w większości przypadków niezgodny z przebiegiem kierunków spękań ciosowych systemu diagonalnego. W świetle przeprowadzonych badań należy stwierdzić, że kierunek przebiegu analizowanych dolin mógł ulec zmianie w toku ich rozwoju, szczególnie w okresie zlodowaceń tatrzańskich, gdy dolne odcinki dolin były wypełniane materiałem fluwioglacjalnym.

EN

The directions of joints, measured in bedrock outcrops in stream channels, have been compared with the directions of the low-order valleys. The results indicate that upper courses of all studied valleys are consistent with the orientation of dominant joint system. This correlation can be an evidence of valley-forming process along joints of diagonal system. In contrast to the upper courses, lower courses of most of the valleys are inconsistent with diagonal joint system. According to the research results, the valley directions changed in the course of their development, especially during the Tatra glaciations, when lower courses of the valleys were filled with fluvio-glacial material.

5

Ślady i przebieg dawnej sieci komunikacyjnej na progu Pogórza Karpackiego

Kroczak R.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2012

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nr 18

103--115

PL

Ewolucja sieci komunikacyjnej jest odzwierciedleniem przemian społecznych i gospodarczych zachodzących na Pogórzu Karpackim. Pierwotna sieć głównych szlaków komunikacyjnych uzależniona była ściśle od warunków terenowych. Wraz z rozwojem gospodarczym regionu i postępem technicznym zaczęto budować drogi na terenach wcześniej uznanych za niekorzystne. Nowe drogi poprowadzono blisko sieci osadniczej zlokalizowanej w dolinach. W efekcie najstarsze główne trakty wytyczone pierwotnie po wierzchowinach zostały zdegradowane do roli dojazdów do pól bądź całkowicie wyłączone z użytkowania. Występujące współcześnie w krajobrazie Pogórza opuszczone wcięcia drogowe starych szlaków są jedyny śladem dawnego układu komunikacyjnego.

EN

Road network evolution reflects social and economical transformation on Carpathians Foothills. Original network of main communication routes was strictly conditioned by the local relief. Along with economical and technological development new roads were built - on the areas previously considered as impassable. They were led along the valleys where the settlement was located. In effect the oldest main roads, which were originally led across the tophills, are today degraded to access roads or even completely excluded from use. Abandoned road cuts found today on foothills landscape are the traces of old communication network.

6

Zagrożenia dla przyrodniczego i kulturowego rozwoju doliny Strugi Świebodzińskiej

Bazan-Krzywoszańska A., Skiba M.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2010

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nr 1

69--74

EN

Effectiveness of spatial planning, expressed in planning tools and concrete methods of strategic management has a great influence on town development. Taking into consideration the state of the green area of Swiebodzin, we should assume that its ecological status ought to be a priority for further development. The assumptions, within whose frames economy compels the technology of the town development, thus negating the natural rhythm of nature, should be eliminated. The town is a bio-social organism, and so it requires promoting of balanced ecological, social and cultural actions.

7

Wykorzystanie walorów krajobrazowych doliny wiślanej w rejonie Wilanowa dla rozwoju turystyki

Kaczyńska M.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2010

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nr 1

34--41

EN

The area of the Vistula valley in the region of Wilanow has unique landscape, natural and cultural values on the background of Warsaw. They constitute great potential for sustainable tourism, recreation and leisure. The most important elements of the valley landscape, which decide about its usefulness for tourism development are: the Warsaw Scarp and the area at the foot of the scarp, the riverside terrains with hydro-graphical network, riparian forests and meadows, and also historical residential parks. Development and regulation of access to these terrains should be aimed at harmonious use of their values, taking into consideration requirements of the natural and historical values protection. An important element, related to the development of tourism and recreation within the valley is a system of the communication routes which allows proper control the tourist traffic. The communication routes can direct the tourist traffic to the areas attractive for recreation and leisure, which are more resistant to anthropopressure and frequently inactivated. An object of special meaning for tourism and recreation within the valley is the Wilanow Palace Museum. It is important to provide adequate infrastructure connected with services for the tourists visiting the museum and to improve its functionality.

8

Wybrane aspekty zagospodarowania karpackich dolin rzecznych

Krzyk P.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2010

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nr 1

11--17

EN

River valleys, next to forests, are basic elements of the ecological structure of Poland's landscape. A considerable part of them are flood areas of rivers, which are at the same time significant elements of natural systems, both local and supralocal - since they constitute natural ecological corridors. Specific natural conditions prevail in submountain and mountain river valleys. Issues related to the river valleys development are shown in the examples of submountain communes: Wilamowice (Śląskie Voivodship) and Strzyżów (Podkarpackie Voivodship). The assessment of the conformity of the present and planned development of the river valleys of the above mentioned communes with physiographic conditions (localisation of buildings, flood threats and flood protection, soil-water conditions, surface and underground waters pollution) isthe main aim of the paper. The issues connected with spatial development and its role in environmental development and the protection of water resources.

9

Rola dolin rzecznych w średniowiecznym paśmie obronnym Jury Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej

Uruszczak M.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2010

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nr 1

50--54

EN

Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska constitutes one of the greatest centres of stronghold buildings in Poland. Such objects appeared in this area from the beginning of human settlement. Proof of that can be seen in fortification traces in Murek Cave, on Gotebiec Rock or in walls of a dwelling from the Lusatian culture in Udorz. The landscape, of huge differences in relative heights and water meadows, which occurs in many regions, is conducive to creating fortified buildings which, situated in naturally defensive places, apart from giving active protection were also efficient in passive protection. Medieval times prove by their remains that commonness of militaris architecture is one of the characteristics which distinguish them. Constant threat to the borders and frequent political, social and technical changes bought about perfection in borderland protection. The king who hugely administered to the increased protection of the Polish borders was Casimir III the Great. Within limits of military strategy, he personally founded many castles and watchtowers that were mentioned by the chronicler Jan Dtugosz. Many of Jura's objects are not only extremely valuable but also very picturesque examples of Polish architecture. The castle in Pieskowa Skała, in Podzamcze or Wawel - the royal castle in Cracow - are called icons and pearls of Polish architecture. The Jura area, as a pioneering one, was included into a programme of natural and landscape values protection, in reserves like for example Dolina Ojcowska, or protection of singular elements in the form of nature monuments.

10

Rekreacja w dolinie rzeki na przykładzie małych dolin rzecznych Wrocławia

Lia A., Walter E.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2010

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nr 2

24--33

EN

In the contemporary world of intense, fast and unhealthy lifestyle, a need for recreation is increasing; it is supposed to smooth out the physical passivity of everyday life. The appearance of an open water source is one of the basic components deciding on attractiveness of a recreational-holiday area. Wroclaw is a city strongly shaped by its big river. Apart from the Odra there are four smaller rivers: the Widawa, the Bystrzyca, the Sleza and the Otawa. They influence the landscape of the city and its structure. Within the area of each of the rivers exist organized and half-natural areas of green, which do not fully exploit the potential of the closeness of the natural watercourse. The present article presents the research on the role of green areas within small river valleys of Wroclaw. The authors attempt to determine the directions of action, which will enable an increase in the recreational effectiveness of the studied areas, with special consideration to the potential of closeness of the river. The areas have been explored with respect to their recreational function by conducting analyses and assessments of the possibilities and degree of satisfy ing the needs of recreational inhabitants of these areas. A model of the relations drawn up by A. Lis (2005) has been used in the research.

11

O krajobrazie w dolinie rzeki Ilmenau

Jaszczak A. A.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2010

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nr 1

62--68

EN

The llmenau, with 107 km length, is a left affluent of the Elbe and flows through the historical region of Luneburger Heide in Germany. It begins near the town of Uelzen, which is known for its railway station, designed by Hundertwasser, then flows through the health resort Bad Bevensen, to get to Luneburg, the town called " The Queen of Hanza" in the Middle Ages. The "wealth" of Luneburg (also architectural) comes from the bed of salt. The llmenau, already as the llmenau Kanal joins the Elbe near Winsen. Unique natural and cultural values not only of big towns, but also villages located in the river valley decide on the possibility of development of different tourism forms. The peculiarity of landscape is created by numerous hills, moorlands, forests, areas covered by juniper, alleys as well as borders of agricultural and forest areas lined by birch and erratic boulders. Characteristic half-timbered buildings, typical village and farm systems, village buildings with domination of German hall-houses, palaces as well as numerous monasteries are of a huge cultural value. The goal of this work is analysis of the current state of landscape in the llmenau valley (Germany) as well as defining the possibilities of its balanced management in the future.

12

Krajobraz doliny Karpnickiego Potoku. Zastosowanie systemów GIS w analizach historycznych krajobrazu

Jaworek J., Gołuch P., Michalski A.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2010

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nr 1

55--61

EN

The river and brook valleys of the Sudeten Mountains have played an important role in developing the area. Along the rivers there has formed a characteristic settlement landscape inextricably linked to the hydrographic network. Recent years have seen further transformations of the riverine areas, which has led to the disappearance of many historical landscape components. This raises questions about the nature of the present changes. The article is an attempt to present the dynamism of transformations of the Karpnicki Brook Valley landscape. A comparison of conditions from 1938,1994 and 2004, has enabled the authors to determine the landscape development trends and to establish goals for the protection of the historical architectural-and-landscape composition. The analysis has been conducted using aerial photographs as the source material; thanks to this, it has been possible to obtain a comprehensive picture of changes to spatial relationships. The photos were used to make digital orthophotos, which then constituted the basis for developing maps in GIS. The maps made it possible to compare the condition of the landscape at various points in time.

13

Projekt badań krajobrazu doliny Małej Panwi

Żyłka-Żebracka A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Architektura / Politechnika Śląska

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2009

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z. 49

253-258

PL

Projekt naukowy dotyczy badania architektury i układów osadniczych w dolinie Małej Panwi. Zadaniem jest wykazanie odrębności i jednolitości krajobrazowej tego obszaru. Celem naukowym pracy jest opracowanie bazy danych w formie tabel, map i fotografii, których spójna konstrukcja ma zapewnić czytelność i łatwość porównywania cech architektonicznych i układów urbanistycznych miejscowości, przez które przepływa rzeka oraz wykonanie szczegółowej waloryzacji środowiska kulturowego w zakresie architektury i urbanistyki. Celem społecznym pracy jest możliwość posłużenia samorządom gminnym i wojewódzkim oraz architektom i urbanistom do działań projektowych na tym terenie.

EN

Scientific project refers to architectural and urban structure investigation in Mala Panew river valley. The task is to display the landscape uniqueness and homogeneity of the study area. Scientific target of the work is to prepare a draft of database in form of tables, maps and photography. Consistent construction of the data should guarantee readability and simplicity of comparison of architectural and urban structure features of every town and village situated on the Mala Panew river. Another scientific target is to find out and segregate cultural values of the environment. The social advantage of the work is its availability to the local governments, architects and urban planners before designing in the area.

14

Rational management of water resources in the basin of a big river is not easy

Kołodziejczyk U.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2009

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No. 3

55-66

EN

Throughout history, many times did floods in the river valleys of the East Mid-European Lowland occur. They brought about material losses and frequently generated hazards to human health and life as weII. For centuries now, human communities have been building up flood banks in order to protect themselves against the negative impact of floods. The results of investigations into the flood banks along the Odra river, which were made during and after the great flood of the year 1997, point out to the necessity of their renovation. The outcome of the research work carried out in Poland may be used for the renovation and reconstruction of old flood banks and for the construction of new ones in the whole area of the East Mid-European Lowland.

15

Zielona arteria miasta - krajobrazowa postać doliny rzeki Sałgir (Krym, Ukraina)

Tokarczuk T.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2009

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nr 4

74-78

EN

The quality of life in modern cities depends on many factors. The river as an objective border concentrates different natural and cultural elements and plays a significant part in the urban structure. The way of accomplishment of riversides have an influence on the urban composition and its functional zones. An interesting example, which was designed according to the spirit of that time, is the riverfront of the Salgir river in Simferopol (Crimea, Ukraine). During the late 1970s the riverside was comprehensively arranged in the urban section and a functional and aesthetic recreation area was built - parks, public gardens, boulevards etc. The greenway became the most favourite meeting place of the towndwellers. It was realized according to the 10th five-year plan of socialist development, the river with regular banks together with natural elements had almost become a symbol of the epoch, that proclaimed the supremacy of man over the environment. Now the greenway demands complex renovation and, first of all, adaptation to the contemporary needs of citizens as well as regulation of particular chaotic investments on the riverbanks.

16

Studium krajobrazowe miejsca UNESCO w dolinie rzeki na przykładzie otoczenia kościoła w Sękowej

Forczek-Brataniec U., Myczkowski Z.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2009

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nr 3

12-18

EN

The article applies to the creation and protection of the mountain valley of the river Sekówka and to one of the aspects of managing a site which represents an outstanding universal value in scope of formation of the landscape context of a World Heritage site - the church in Sękowa and its setting. The authors would like to show the relationships between the site and its setting in the river valley, as well as the mutual impact on the values represented. In July 2003, following the resolution by the General Assembly of UNESCO in Paris, six Polish wooden Gothic churches from Lesser Poland and the Carpathian Highlands were included in the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List of UNESCO. Among others there was the church in Sękowa. It represents one of the most valuable and picturesque monumental examples of sacral wooden buildings in Poland. Even in the 19th century its outstanding aesthetic, architectonic and landscape values were admired. The main idea of this presentation is connected with the expression of connections between these unique values and the architecture of the church and its landscape context with its surroundings. The issue deals with the most fundamental tasks: protection of the object as well as tourist movement service at the place of a unique value,and the activity connected with religious practice of the local parish.

17

Specyfika i kierunki ochrony krajobrazu Doliny Środkowej Wisły na odcinku Puławy - Maciejowice

Żarska B.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2009

|

nr 3

19-27

EN

The aim has been to define individual features of landscape in the Middle Vistula River Valley, in the section between Puławy and Maciejowice, and to indicate directions of space planning from the aspect of unique natural and cultural values protection. The layout of landscape ecological structure has been recognized and analyzed using Forman and Gordon's method of patches and corridors, and more important cultural and visual elements have been identified with special consideration to individual traits distinguishing river valley landscape from other areas. Among others, such unique attributes are: striped pattern of landscape ecological structure and individual characteristic elements in settlement units which were important cultural and trade centers in the past and then lost their meaning, among others because of river course changes. Directions of landscape planning and protection have been defined from the aspect of conservation and better exposition of the unique attributes of landscape features as well as creation of additional values on this basis.

18

Skarb przeszłości, problem teraźniejszości, zagadka na przyszłość - czyli o dolinach rzecznych Lublina

Trzaskowiska E., Sobczak K., Adamiec P.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2009

|

nr 3

4-11

EN

Water is one of the main elements that defines humanity and allows civilization to occur. Water has a substantial influence on the quality of human life, from its basic function as a source of food to its utilitarian uses in security, transportation and economy. The spatial arrangement of Lublin was also conditioned to a large extent by three rivers: The Bystrzyca, the Czechówka and the Czerniejówka. The frequent development of their valleys with service facilities, with a simultaneous loss of potential recreation areas and landscape values, is a worrying process. In the article the conclusions concern the future development of the river areas of Lublin in the context of a recreational system within the urban landscape and the problem of showing their refreshment potential.

19

Rola doliny Wisłoka w Rzeszowie w opinii mieszkańców miasta

Ćwik A.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2009

|

nr 3

65-70

EN

River valleys in large cities are not only precious environmental elements in their area, but they can also be an aim of a higher pressure on acquiring new areas for the settlement. In turn, the intensive settlement nearby a river can worsen the visual attractiveness of the river's vicinity and lead to such disadvantageous environmental effects as intersection of plants' and animals' migration channels, worsening of town's aeration and occasionally even an increased flood wave in a river bed narrowed by man. On the other hand,the main role of rivers and their banks in towns is often a recreational one. That is why it seems that not only local authorities and planners, but also the rest of the citizens, should influence the spatial management of river valleys. This assumption was a base for an introductory research on Rzeszów citizens' opinion on the Wisłok valley, which was conducted in March this year. 132 people living, working or studying in Rzeszów were surveyed. Over 40% knew the Wisłok valley well, because they go to the river bank several times a month. More than 80% of the questioned people especially liked the parks, alleys and natural green areas. In turn, they had a negative opinion on the increase in built-in areas at riverbanks. The results show that in Rzeszów citizens' opinion recreational, sporting and environmental functions of the Wisłok neighborhood are most acceptable. All this leads to a question if the Rzeszów society should take a greater part in the spatial planning process regarding the immediate vicinity of the Wisłok. It seems that the river flowing through the city needs some promotion so that its real value could be perceived.

20

Problematyka zagospodarowania przestrzennego doliny Bogdanki w zachodnim klinie zieleni w Poznaniu

Chojnacka M., Wilkaniec A.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2009

|

nr 3

28-35

EN

The system of green areas in the city of Poznań is based on the existence of river valleys, as well as rings of former fortification areas. Watercourse valleys create a crossshaped pattern in the urban structure, running in north-south and east-west directions. Areas connected with these watercourse valleys, due to the high level of ground waters and diverse surface features, were never used for building development. This system was observed on the 1930's and used when designing a system of green areas for the city. The concept of maintaining four green wedges has survived and in essence it is being realized. These areas as attractive recreation areas are desirable environs for many functions in the urban landscape, e.g. for sports facilities or building development. The pressure connected with finding new, attractive areas for housing is particularly strong. These activities frequently aim at the limitation of green areas within the wedges or increasing the intensity of building development in their immediate vicinity. Recently problems connected with spatial management of the western wedge, based on the Bogdanka valley, have become especially pressing.