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Content of Heavy Metals in Reclaimed Soil Material and Hard Coal ash 15 Years After the Experiment

Gibczyńska Marzena, Tomaszewicz Tomasz, Stankowski Sławomir, Chudecka Justyna, Gamrat Renata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 4

59--65

EN

The paper the results obtained during hard coal ash reclamation. This model was created by covering the ash surface with the layers consisting of ash, organic by-products and mineral fertilizers. The aim of the studies, undertaken 15 years after the experiment set up, was the assessment of the efficacy of ash waste reclamation on the basis of the overall and solubility analyses of the metal content, including heavy metals, soluble in 1 M HCl. In 2003, on the premises of Dolna Odra Power Station in Nowe Czarnowo (53,20°N; 14,48°E) near Gryfino (53,25°N; 14,48°E) in Poland, a hard coal ash reclamation experiment was conducted. A 40 cm thick surface layer (fertile), termed upperlay, composed of the mixture of various materials was applied to ash substrate. One part was fertilized with mineral fertilizers NPK-60–70–70, the other was left unfertilized. After 15 years, in the autumn of 2018, the samples of upperlays (0–40 cm) and underlays (40–60 cm) were collected from plots overgrown with grass. Fifteen years after the experiment, none of the underlays or upperlays showed an excess of threshold values, as specified in the current Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 2016. The particularly favourable effect was identified with respect to the application of fermented municipal sewage sludge and GWDA compost which were factors resulting in a decrease of the upperlay content of cadmium, zinc, copper and lead in the form available for plants. The characteristics of upperlays with respect to metal content indicate the conditions favourable to plant cultivation on the reclaimed area. The recorded results on the change of the overall and bioavailable content of metals in upperlays and underlays justify the continuation of the undertaken reclamation experiment.

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Teoria szczelności w przypadku pokryć z pasm blaszanych

Patoka K.

Materiały Budowlane

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2017

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nr 6

2--4

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Estimate of the Properties of Underlay Geocomposites Cooperating with other Geosynthetics in Geotechnical Buildings

Malkiewicz J., Drobina R.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 2 (98)

111--116

EN

In the following article the authors present production technology for modern geocomposites obtained by mechanical needle-punching technology and spun-lace technology. The influence of the mass per unit area on mechanical parameters as well as that of the mass per unit area and load on hydraulic parameters were analysed. It enabled the authors to find out what mass per unit area is the most advantageous for geocomposites as underlays in hydrotechnical buildings.

PL

W artykule autorzy zaprezentowali technologię produkcji geokompozytów otrzymanych techniką igłowania mechanicznego i techniką igłowania wodnego. Przeanalizowano wpływ masy powierzchniowej na parametry mechaniczne, jak również wpływ masy powierzchniowej i obciążenia na parametry hydrauliczne. Pozwoliło to autorom rozstrzygnąć, jaka masa powierzchniowa jest najkorzystniejsza dla tych kompozytów jako podściółka w budowlach hydrotechnicznych.

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Acoustic underlay manufactured from carpet tile wastes. Part 2: Comparative study of optimised underlay with commercial products of similar calibre in accordance to universal standards

Miraftab M., Rushforth I., Horoshenkov K.

Autex Research Journal

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2006

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Vol. 6, no. 1

49--58

EN

Carpet waste has successfully been converted into acoustic underlay materials that compete with commercial counterparts both in terms of performance and costs. This paper builds on an earlier paper [Miraftab et al, Autex Res.J.5(2), 96-105 (2005).] where granular/fibre mixing ratios, binder concentration and particle size distribution were shown to play a major role in maximising impact sound insulation capabilities of developed underlays. Product optimisation with respect to the particle size as governed by the aperture dimension and mean effective fibre length is further explored in this paper, and the developed underlay is compared with a selection of commercially available acoustic underlays. The results show that a 2mm-aperture screen at the granulating chamber output yields a waste stream with grains in the size range of 0.5-1.0mm and a mean effective fibre length of 2.75 mm which was most suitable to work with, and gave rise to samples with the best impact sound reduction performance. The optimised sample of 10mm recycled underlay (U2) appeared to perform better than most commercial systems tested. The manufactured underlay withstood, and in some instances, outperformed, during the standard tests as required within the BS 5808 protocol. The study concludes that recycling carpet waste to produce quality acoustic underlay with desirable impact sound insulation characteristics is technically feasible, and a viable alternative to landfill or incineration.

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Acoustic underlay manufactured from carpet tile wastes. Part 1: Effect of variation in granular/fibre dry ratio, binder concentration, and waste particle size on impact sound insulation of the produced underlays

Miraftab M., Rushforth I., Horoshenkov K.

Autex Research Journal

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2005

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Vol. 5, no. 2

96--105

EN

Carpet waste is of growing concern both to environmentalists and manufacturers pressured by increasing costs of landfill dumping. The challenge for carpet producers is to find ways of minimising their waste or find alternative uses for their unwanted by-products. This paper builds on an earlier study (Taylor, A.: 'Novel underlays from carpet waste', Ph.D. thesis, Bolton Institute, U.K., 2004) where carpet tile wastes have been successfully used to produce underlays for domestic as well as commercial markets. To add value, the acoustic behaviour of these underlays, where granular/fibre mixing ratios, binder concentration and particle size distribution play a major role, has been examined in this study. The results show that it is possible to maximise the impact sound insulation capabilities of these underlays by selective control and adjustment of the above variables. Manufacturing formulation consisting of 60:40 granular/fibre mixture ratio, 60% binder concentration and granule particle size dimensions of <2mm is shown to be most appropriate in achieving effective impact sound insulation.