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1

Trust as a participant in the adaptation of technological changes

Paska Marcin, Budnik Kacper

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

383--391

EN

Purpose: Trust is an important relational element in everyday social life and influences the efficiency of the communication process of the whole society. In the literature on the subject, there are different definitions of this concept. Most often, trust is described as an element of the personality formed at the beginning of life. This thesis examines the concepts of trust and trust in technology. It discusses the differences, connections, and dependencies between them, which determine the process of adaptation of technology recipients to its advanced development. Design/methodology/approach: In the content of the paper, the authors focused on a review of the literature on the selected issue. The content attempts to refer to the aspects of trust that emerge during the implementation and adaptation of new technologies. Findings: The analysis of the research carried out by individual authors allows us to conclude that the concepts of interpersonal and technological trust are not identical, but complementary. Due to technological progress and the fact that it plays an increasingly important role in society, trust in technology is gaining in importance. There is also a growing need on the part of manufacturers to provide trustworthy IT solutions, as audience trust is crucial in the sense of user acceptance of technological solutions and thus their turnover in the market. Social implications: The development of new technologies changes the shape and perception of reality. Technology determines the progress of development as well as the dynamics of functioning in this technological reality of society. New technologies throw many challenges at the social level, one of them is the issue of trust in what technology can change as a causal effect. Originality/value: In its content, the article tries to cross the horizon of current events in the dimension of technological changes. Many futurologists like Y.N. Harrari is trying to see possible scenarios that will be a consequence of implementing the technology. It is important to emphasize that technology itself is not deterministic, it is programs of use, common sense, trust and human morality that determine the ultimate agency and use of technology.

2

Compliance as a reliable management instrument of a company in uncertain times

Barcik Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

105--123

EN

Purpose: Determining and discussing selected aspects of the functioning of Compliance management systems in Polish enterprises in perspective of challenges resulting from the current crises. Design/methodology/approach: The research method used in the paper is the author's observation and interviews with companies with whom she cooperates in the implementation and operation of the compliance management system. The analysis of the results of research conducted on the basis of a standardized survey based on a questionnaire containing closed and open questions carried out in exemplary enterprises was involved as well. Findings: Research results confirmed the dynamic development of Compliance management in Polish enterprises, which is accompanied by a preventive approach with a key role played by the management in building culture and awareness of compliance in the enterprise. Research implications: Future research directions should focus on further, expanded research exploration in the area, taking into account international perspective. Practical implications: The results of the research discussed in the paper have a number of practical implications mainly for the management staff in terms of implementation of compliance management and development of its areas. Social implications: Building awareness of compliance management system and the advantages of implementing it. Originality/value: The paper has cognitive value for the development of knowledge, science and further development of the compliance management system in enterprises in Poland.

3

External social capital of enterprises in Poland

Markowska-Przybyła Urszula

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 27, No. 1

202--220

EN

The article aims to analyse the external social capital of Polish enterprises and to assess whether external social capital is related to internal social capital and the declared results of enterprises. To the author's knowledge, a separate measurement of external social capital in enterprises in Poland has not been carried out before, which is a novelty. It continues and complements previous research on internal social capital. The model Westlund and Nilsson proposed was the theoretical basis for the empirical analyses. The research was based on the results of a survey conducted on a sample of 650 micro, small, medium and large companies in Poland. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric testing methods and classification methods using the CHAID method were used in the study. Aggregate measures were also used to determine the level of social capital. The main results are: that age, the size of firms and the nature of the market are characteristics that statistically significantly differentiate enterprises due to the level of external social capital; external social capital is positively and statistically significantly correlated with internal social capital and with declared enterprises’ performance.

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza zewnętrznego kapitału społecznego polskich przedsiębiorstw oraz ocena, czy zewnętrzny kapitał społeczny jest powiązany z wewnętrznym kapitałem społecznym i wynikami przedsiębiorstw. Według wiedzy autora osobnego pomiaru zewnętrznego kapitału społecznego w przedsiębiorstwach w Polsce nie przeprowadzono dotychczas, co jest nowością. Badania są kontynuacją i uzupełnieniem wcześniejsze badania nad wewnętrznym kapitałem społecznym. Teoretyczną podstawą analiz empirycznych był model zaproponowany przez Westlunda i Nilssona. Badania oparto na wynikach ankiety przeprowadzonej na próbie 650 mikro, małych, średnich i dużych firm w Polsce. W badaniu wykorzystano statystyki opisowe, nieparametryczne metody testowania oraz metody klasyfikacji z wykorzystaniem metody CHAID. Do określenia poziomu kapitału społecznego wykorzystano również miary agregatowe. Główne wyniki są następujące: wiek, wielkość firm i charakter rynku to cechy, które statystycznie istotnie różnicują przedsiębiorstwa ze względu na poziom zewnętrznego kapitału społecznego; zewnętrzny kapitał społeczny jest dodatnio i istotnie statystycznie skorelowany z deklarowanymi wynikami przedsiębiorstw oraz wewnętrznym kapitałem społecznym.

4

Hierarchical Access Structure-based Scheme with Outsourcing and Revocation Mechanism for Cloud Environment

Mujawar Tabassum N., Adik Ramrao, Bhajantri Lokesh B., Sutagundar Ashok V.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2023

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nr 4

83--92

EN

Ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CPABE) is one of the efficient implementations of encrypted access control scheme for cloud computing. Though multiple implementations of CPABE exist, there are some issues that need to be addressed, including efficient revocation approach, decryption time, storage cost etc. In this paper, an efficient scheme that incorporates a hierarchical access structure, outsourced decryption, as well as user and attribute revocation is presented. The hierarchical access structure is utilized to encrypt multiple data using one common access structure and makes the encryption process more efficient. The outsourcing server is used to perform partial decryption, so that all heavy computations are performed by this server and less overhead is incurred by the data user. The proposed framework also integrates the evaluation of trustworthiness of data users and service providers to ensure trusted and encrypted access control procedures. The paper also presents an analysis of the time required for performing different operations. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing approaches.

5

Trust Framework on Exploitation of Humans as the Weakest Link in Cybersecurity

Daudi Morice

Applied Cybersecurity & Internet Governance

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2023

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Vol. 2, No. 1

1--26

EN

T he significance of cybersecurity is increasing in our daily digital lives. The reason for this rise is that human interactions take place in computer-mediated environments, or cyberspace, where physical cues from face-to-face interactions are either absent or very minimal. Computer users are becoming increasingly susceptible to cyberattacks as a result of human interactions in cyberspace. Understanding how cybercriminals exploit the human trust, the weakest link in cybersecurity is relevant because cybercriminals focus on attacking the human psychology of trust rather than technical-based controls. To this end, the present paper develops a trust framework on exploitation of humans as the weakest link in cybersecurity. The framework is established by linking the human psychology of trust and techniques used by cybercriminals in deceiving and manipulating users of computer systems. The framework is validated by demonstrating its application using a case study employing real data. Findings show that cybercriminals exploit human trust based on trust development processes and bases of trust, either creating (falsified) expectations or a relationship history to lure the victim in. Furthermore, it is revealed that technical-based controls cannot provide effective safeguards to prevent manipulation of the human psychology of trust.

6

Trust and control manifestations in employee- driven innovations

Padzik-Wołos Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 162

561--582

EN

Purpose: The goal is to deepen understanding of trust and control in employee-driven innovations (EDI) and is met by empirical research basing on key informants’ narration. Design/methodology/approach: Nineteen interviews with key informants were conducted between March and June 2021 in three companies from different sectors (telecommunication, pharmaceutical and financial). Findings: This publication contributes to the existing literature on EDI and trust-control in multiple ways. First, it reveals lack of direct reference to trust in employees’ discourse on EDI. Second, it highlights manifestations of trust and control along with fit into Das and Teng (2001) framework. Third, it reveals differences among researched companies in terms of breakdown of trust and control types, which poses further questions about factors impacting these differences. Fourth, it shows that social control manifestations are not recognized. Research limitations/implications: Research limitation stems from the method, which does not allow to make generalizations. Manifestations of social control in Das and Teng (2001) model were not recognized in the research, which opens a future research avenue. Future research could investigate impersonal trust in the context of EDI. Practical implications: The research proves important role of general managerial support, identified in the literature on innovations and trust. Originality/value: The article proposes categorization of trust and control manifestations and fit into types of trust and control in Das and Teng (2001) model, which originally presents relations between trust, control and risk types in collaboration between alliance partners.

7

Social capital as a factor of development of a smart city

Bylok Felicjan

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 160

129--147

EN

Purpose: Social capital constitutes an important factor in the development of a smart city. The adoption of this assumption facilitated the formulation three research questions: In what sphere do the city inhabitants participate in social networks? What is the level of trust shown to neighbours that create the local community? To what degree does the scope of information on the activities on behalf of the local community have an impact on their active participation? Design/methodology/approach: The assumed goal was executed thanks to the application of the method of critical analysis of literary sources and the use of the survey method that served to identify the indicators of social capital in the context of the implementation of the principal assumptions of a smart city. Findings: The findings of empirical research indicate that the level of social capital in the analysed city constitutes a significant barrier in terms of the development of a smart city. Structural capital in the form of neighbourly ties, which are usually restricted to five people, restricts the scope of neighbourly ties. Low relational capital, namely trust has a negative impact on the level of involvement of inhabitants in social initiatives. Engagement in urban social issues is dependent on the knowledge of social initiatives in the area of the district where they live. The application of information and communication technologies (ICT) increases the scope of information about projects and events organized in the city. Research limitations: The acquired research findings with regard to their quantitative nature (survey research) constitutes the basis for the limited findings. Practical implications: The research findings provide knowledge on the subject matter of the level of the existence of social capital and its barrier to development, which may serve the preparation of new solutions in the policies of a smart city. Social implications: The research findings presented in this paper indicate the need to use information and communication technologies in the creation of social capital in the city. Originality/value: The research findings, in a cognitive sense, lead to becoming familiar with the role of social capital in the development of a smart city.

8

Internal social capital of enterprises in Poland

Markowska-Przybyła Urszula

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 159

255--268

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the work is diagnosis and assessment the state of the internal social capital of enterprises in Poland and the differences between companies with different characteristics. The aim of the study is also to indicate the relationship between an organisation's social capital level and its activities' effects. 9 Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the results of own study conducted on a sample of 650 micro, small, medium and large companies in Poland. The model presented by Westlund and Nilsson (2005) was used in the analysis, various dimensions of this capital (structural, relational and cognitive) were also explored. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric testing methods (Chi2 independence test) and classification methods using the CHAID method were used. Findings: Results suggest that about ¾ of companies showed the presence of positive phenomena in the social capital field. However, there are statistically significant differences between companies of different sizes, age, status (headquarters, branch, independent organisation), and the origin of capital (domestic, foreign, mixed). The research also shows that companies perceive the relationship of internal social capital with the company's development and relations with their partners.

9

Correlations between trust, cooperation, norms and values in high-tech enterprises in Wielkopolska region

Libertowska Andżelika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 158

369--381

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyze the results of research on the interdependencies between cooperation, trust, as well as norms and values, as key elements of social capital in high-tech enterprises in Wielkopolska Region. Design/methodology/approach: The analyzes carried out covered 51 enterprises belonging to advanced technology industries, including 41 small and 10 medium-sized ones. The research was conducted using the interview method, using a questionnaire and supported by the CATI technique. The obtained data were subject to further analysis and statistical inference. They consisted in determining the mutual dependencies for the three resources of social capital, i.e. trust, norms and values as well as cooperation (jointly creating the social capital of these enterprises) and their components. The relationships were determined based on the calculated Pearson's linear correlation coefficients. Findings: Based on the conducted analyzes, it is legitimate to conclude that the designated level of cooperation, norms, values and trust are closely related. For all combinations of the indicated resources, the determined Pearson's linear correlation coefficients are statistically significant with a probability of 0.05. Also, many combinations of the components of these resources are correlated with each other. Practical implications: The application dimension of the article is perceived in at least two possibilities. Firstly, for business representatives, it can be a valuable source of information on the key factors in the appreciation of social capital in a company. Secondly, on the basis of the calculated correlations, the article gives the opportunity to review the most important relationships between these components, which may also be useful from the point of view of the appreciation of social capital in the enterprise. It is also worth emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature by combining the scientific and application aspect, which can be used at the level of company management. Originality/value: This work deals with an original approach to social capital, both due to the conceptualization of the concept of social capital and its components, as well as the interrelationships between its components. It is also worth emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of the work, combining the scientific and application aspects that can be used at the level of company management. Moreover, the methodology described in the research process may be used in enterprises operating in industries other than high-tech.

10

Dekompozycja modułu uczuciowego jakości życia – szósta i siódma składowa „zaufanie” i „ufność”

Borys Tadeusz

Problemy Jakości

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2022

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R. 54, nr 4

2--13

PL

Cel: Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie zaufania i ufności jako kolejnych (szóstej i siódmej) składowych modułu uczuciowego jakości życia. I w tym artykule, podobnie jak w poprzednich publikacjach z tego cyklu, jego treść będzie zawierać odpowiedzi na cztery następujące ważne pytania: pierwsze – co to jest zaufanie i ufność? (to uczucia czy emocje); drugie – jakie są uczucia pokrewne zaufaniu i ufności? (inne uczucia wspierające zaufanie i ufność oraz kulturę zaufania/ufności); trzecie – jakie są emocjonalne zasłony zaufania i ufności? (główni „usypiacze” tych stanów uczuciowych, wzmacniające „kulturę” nieufności) i czwarte – dlaczego powinniśmy być ufni i okazywać zaufanie? (to kolejna odsłona naszego człowieczeństwa). Jak widać, zestaw pytań badawczych tego artykułu nawiązuje w dużym stopniu do pięciu poprzednich prac (nr 3, 6, 7–8 i 11–12 z 2021 oraz nr 1 z 2022 roku), opublikowanych w „Problemach Jakości” [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. Podjęto w nich próbę rozpoznania takich komponentów modułu uczuciowego jakości życia, jak: nadzieja, wdzięczność, empatia, współczucie i cierpliwość. Projekt badania/metodyka badawcza/koncepcja: Ze względu na konieczność zapewnienia spójności podejścia do analizy pojęć, rozważanych w ramach tego cyklu publikacji, i w tym artykule przyjęto strukturę analizy podobną do tej, którą wykorzystano w publikacjach [13, 14]. Ten celowy zabieg daje możliwość porównywania poszczególnych elementów tej struktury, zawartych w dotychczasowych pracach tego cyklu. Rozpoznanie zaufania i ufności, według wspomnianych wyżej czterech problemów (pytań), oparto na przeglądzie literatury i analizie semantycznej oraz logicznej tych kategorii. Wyniki/wnioski: Główna konkluzja artykułu sprowadza się do trzech stwierdzeń: po pierwsze – zaufanie, jak i ufność mają swoje źródło w sferze uczuciowej (duchowej) i logice uczuciowej, czyli obie wartości spełniają wszystkie trzy kryteria uczucia – pozytywności, bezwarunkowości i trwałości (por. [10]); po drugie – zaufanie jest energią, która ma trzy strumienie (rodzaje zaufania): zaufanie do siebie, zaufanie do innych ludzi i zaufanie okazywane nam przez innych. Dwa ostatnie strumienie tej energii uczuciowej tworzą w konkluzji zaufanie wzajemne; po trzecie – w artykule zawarta jest odpowiedź na ważne pytanie: czy można mieć zaufanie do obiektów pozaludzkich, zarówno materialnych (np. technologii, samochodu itp.), jak i niematerialnych (usługi, idei itp.)? W odpowiedzi zwrócono uwagę, że obiekty te są tylko pośrednikami naszego zawierzenia dobrej (etycznej) intencji ich twórców, opartego na mądrym rozpoznaniu wiarygodności tych ludzi – ich kompetencji. Bez takiego rozpoznania zaufanie staje się iluzją – emocją naiwności. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Cech nowości poznawczej tego artykułu należy przede wszystkim upatrywać w: zaprezentowanym podejściu do kategorii zaufania i ufności, opartym na wyraźnym odróżnieniu uczuć od emocji; w interdyscyplinarnym podejściu do tej wartości; zaproponowaniu podejścia do definiowania zaufania na podstawie kategorii dobrej (etycznej) intencji, wiarygodności oraz kompetencji. W artykule zaproponowano też definicję ufności jako skłonności (gotowości) do okazywania zaufania.

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to recognize trust and confidence as the next (sixth and seventh) component of the feelings module of the quality of life. And in this article, as in previous publications in this series, the content will answer the following four important questions: first – what is trust and confidence? (that feelings or emotions); second – what are the feelings related to trust and confidence? (other feelings that support trust and confidence and a culture of trust/confidence); third – what are the emotional curtains of trust and confidence? (its most important “sleepers” enhancing the culture of distrust) and fourth – why should we be confident and show trust? (this is another version of our humanity). As you can see, the set of research questions in this article refers to a large extent to the five previous papers (No. 3, 6, 7–8 and 11–12 from 2021 and No. 1 from 2022), published in „Problems of Quality” [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. They attempt to identify such components of the feelings module of the quality of life as: hope, gratitude, empathy, compassion and patience. Design/methodology/approach: Due to the need to ensure the consistency of the approach to the analysis of the concepts considered in this publication cycle, this article adopts an analysis structure similar to that used in the publications [13, 14]. This deliberate procedure makes it possible to compare the individual elements of this structure contained in the works of this series to date. The recognition of trust and confidence according to the above-mentioned four problems (questions) was based on a literature review and the semantic and logical analysis of these categories. Findings/conclusions: The main conclusion of the article boils down to three statements: firstly – both trust and confidence have their source in the feelings (spiritual) sphere and feelings logic, that is, both values meet the three criteria of feeling – positivity, unconditionality and permanence (cf. [10]); secondly – trust is an energy that has three streams, types of trust: trust in yourself, trust in other people, and trust shown to us by others. The last two streams of this feelings energy create mutual trust; third – the article contains a concise answer to an important question: is it possible to trust non-human objects, both tangible (e.g. technology, car, etc.) and intangible (services, ideas, etc.)? In response, it should be remembered that these objects are only intermediaries of our trust – through these objects – to the ethical intention of their creators, based on wise recognition of the credibility of these people and their competences. Without such recognition, trust becomes an illusion – an emotion of naivety. Originality/value: The features of the cognitive novelty of this article should be primarily seen in: the presented approach to the category of trust and confidence, based on a clear distinction between feelings and emotions; in an interdisciplinary approach to this value; proposing an approach to defining trust based on the categories of good (ethical) intention, trustworthiness and competence. The article also proposes definition of confidence as the tendency (readiness) to show trust.

11

Identification of the relationship among perceived firm innovativeness, trust and customer loyalty

Komang Suarsana Mahardika, Indrinawati Usman, Sri Wahyuni Astutik, Tanti Handriana

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2022

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Vol. 26, No. 1

125--139

EN

Despite the growing popularity of research on perceived firm innovativeness increasing, but only a few empirical studies that have been conducted to understand how this concept plays a role in creating trust and customer loyalty, especially in the banking sector. The purpose of this research is to provide empirical evidence about the relationship between perceived firm innovativeness, trust and customer loyalty. This sample is 124 respondents of PT Bank Central Asia, Tbk. Data collected through online surveys, Google form, hypotheses were tested using regression intervention. Findings perceived firm innovativeness has positive effect on trust and loyalty. Trust has a positive influence on loyalty. In addition, trust mediates partially the relationship between perceived firm innovativeness and loyalty. It is hoped that this research can be part of the sustainability of PT. BCA, because with strong loyalty, creating a strong and good sustainability internally and for the surrounding environment will be something that can have a positive impact. The existence of both parties who provide mutual support, will create a more meaningful life.

PL

Pomimo rosnącej popularności badań nad postrzeganą innowacyjnością firm, wciąż niewiele jest przeprowadzonych badań empirycznych w tym zakresie, aby zrozumieć, jaką rolę odgrywa to zjawisko w budowaniu zaufania i lojalności klientów, zwłaszcza w sektorze bankowym. Celem niniejszego badania jest dostarczenie empirycznych dowodów na związek między postrzeganą innowacyjnością firmy, zaufaniem i lojalnością klientów. Próba badawcza a to 124 respondentów z PT Bank Central Asia, Tbk. Materiał badawczy zebrano poprzez ankiety internetowe opracowane w formularzu Google, hipotezy zostały przetestowane za pomocą interwencji regresji. Dowiedziono, że postrzegana innowacyjność firmy ma pozytywny wpływ na zaufanie do niej oraz lojalność jej klientów. Co więcej zaufanie ma pozytywny wpływ na lojalność. Ponadto zaufanie częściowo pośredniczy w związku między postrzeganą innowacyjnością firmy a lojalnością. Autorzy mają nadzieję, że niniejsze badania mogą być częścią zrównoważonego rozwoju PT. BCA, ponieważ wysoka lojalność może mieć pozytywny wpływ na stworzenie silnie i dobrze zrównoważonego rozwoju wewnętrznego i otaczającego środowiska. Współistnienie obu tych obszarów, które zapewniają wzajemne wsparcie, stworzy bardziej sensowne życie.

12

Understanding the adoption of autonomous vehicles in Thailand: an extended TAM approach

Ramjan Sarawut, Sangkaew Purimprach

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2022

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Vol. 14, no. 1

49--62

EN

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are receiving attention in many countries, including Thailand. However, implementing an intelligent transport system has many challenges, such as safety and reliability and the lack of policy supporting such technology use, leading to hazards for passengers and pedestrians. Hence, factors affecting the adoption of autonomous vehicles require better understanding. This research proposes and employs an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by integrating ethical standards, legal concerns, and trust to predict the intended use of autonomous vehicles by Thai citizens. A total of 318 questionnaires were collected from online panel respondents. Research hypotheses were tested using a structural equation modelling approach. The study results suggest that ethical standards have a significant positive effect on the intention to use the technology. Meanwhile, the intention was negatively affected by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and legal concerns. On the other hand, the results indicate that perceived ease of use directly affected trust, leading to AV adoption. However, other factors influenced trust insignificantly. This study demonstrates the vital role of trust in AV adoption. The study also suggests ideas for further study and discusses the implications for the government and autonomous vehicle companies. The article aims to forecast a success factor that the Thai government should use to consider the policy for autonomous vehicle adoption in Thailand. This paper relies on the technology acceptance model to assess and forecast autonomous vehicle adoption. The theoretical model also includes ethical issues, legal concerns and trust in technology. The model was analysed using the structure equation modelling technique to confirm the factor affecting Thailand’s successful autonomous vehicle adoption. This research confirmed that ethical standards, legal concerns, and trust in technology are the factors significantly affecting the intention to use an autonomous vehicle in Thailand. On the other hand, the perceived ease of use significantly affects the trust in autonomous vehicle technology. This research found that such social factors as ethical standards, legal concerns, and trust in technology affect technology adoption significantly, especially technology related to AI operation. Therefore, the technology acceptance model could be modified to confirm technology adoption in terms of social factors. The government could use the research results to develop a public policy for the regulation and standard supporting autonomous vehicle adoption in Thailand.

13

Impact of social capital on health safety during the SARS-CoV-2 flu pandemic

Bylok Felicjan

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2021

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Vol. 3, nr 1

304--311

EN

This paper describes the role of social capital in terms of stimulating activities aimed at improving health safety in times of the Covid 19 pandemic. Ensuring health safety constitutes one of the fundamental aims of every health care system, which is executed by means of multiple institutions associated with health care, as well as through collective action. Social capital stimulates collective action with the aim of stopping the spread of the pandemic. The aim of this paper is to search for ties between social capital and the spread of the pandemic in Poland. As a result of empirical research, it was established that strong social capital had a significant impact on the lower number of Covid-19 infections in provinces in Poland. Simultaneously, this impact is dependent on the level of infections in society. The greater the number of Covid-19 infections, the less social capital restricts the spread of the pandemic.

14

Mediating effect of Indonesia’s public trust on national security from the sense of safety, knowledge, and willingness to participate in state defense efforts

Mas Bakar Dadang, Syamsunasir Syamsunasir, Adriyanto Agus

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 36, No. 4

69--88

EN

Several studies that focus on the willingness to participate show that trust is a vital variable in mediating a person’s disposition to do so. This study examines the role of public trust in national security as a mediating variable of a sense of security and knowledge of the willingness to participate in state defence efforts. The data was collected via a questionnaire distributed to 435 respondents across Indonesia. We used a simple random sampling method; we then analysed using LISREL with Structural Equation Model (SEM). We found that trust cannot mediate a sense of safety and knowledge on the willingness to participate. An exciting finding was that knowledge affects trust, but sense of safety does not affect trust. This is interesting because it contradicts many studies related to political trust, when the willingness to participate is directly influenced by a sense of security and knowledge related to national security. Thus, to increase the willingness to participate in state defence efforts, it is necessary to increase the community’s sense of security and knowledge related to national security. In this case, we recommend providing education related to defence and security to the community and increasing the community’s sense of security.

15

Trust in leadership

Marszałek Mateusz

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2021

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Vol. 53, No. 3(201)

546--554

EN

Trust is one of the organizational resources. In the contemporary world, due to a variety of challenges related to demographic and globalization problems and the revival of modern areas of the economy, human capital and its application on the market are the fundamental growth factor. Trust generates a willingness to cooperate, and it is imperative to build positive relationships with others, which is necessary to cooperate with the environment. The discussed phenomenon is based on social coexistence, reflected on many levels and in various, often overlapping, interactions, and influences. Trust in any organization is a determinant of undertaking supra-individual activities and a pillar for motivating and mobilizing other people. The need for potent leadership is strong trust, openness in communication, and behavior rooted in conduct ethics. The theoretical aspects of trust and the essence of this phenomenon are presented in the article. There are described ways to build trust. Moreover, the issue of trust in organizations was discussed.

PL

Zaufanie jest jednym z zasobów w organizacji. We współczesnym świecie ze względu na szereg wyzwań powiązanych z problemami demograficznymi, globalizacyjnymi i ożywieniem nowoczesnych dziedzin gospodarki, fundamentalnym czynnikiem wzrostu jest kapitał ludzki oraz jego zastosowanie na rynku. Zaufanie generuje chęć nawiązywania współpracy i jest kluczowe, by budować pozytywne relacje z innymi, co jest niezbędne do tego, aby współpracować z otoczeniem. Omawiane zjawisko jest podstawą współżycia społecznego, mające odzwierciedlenie na wielu płaszczyznach i na polach różnych oddziaływań i wpływów, często nakładających się. Zaufanie w każdej organizacji jest determinantem podjęcia ponadjednostkowych czynności, a także jest filarem do motywowania i mobilizowania innych osób. Potrzebą mocnego przywództwa jest silne zaufanie, otwartość w komunikowaniu się, oraz zachowania zakorzenione w etyce działań. W artykule przedstawiono teoretyczne aspekty zaufania oraz istotę tego zjawiska. Opisano sposoby budowania zaufania. Poruszono temat zaufania w organizacjach.

16

Rola modeli zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi w budowaniu partnerstwa strategicznego w łańcuchu dostaw

Piliszewska Sylwia

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2021

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nr 5

31--43

PL

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wpływu modeli zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi na budowanie partnerstwa strategicznego w łańcuchach dostaw. W artykule zidentyfikowano i opisano proces ewolucji zaufania międzyorganizacyjnego, a także podkreślono wagę japońskich struktur keiretsu w kontekście budowania relacji partnerskich pomiędzy ogniwami łańcucha dostaw. Autorka stworzyła również autorski model zależności pomiędzy modelami zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi a partnerstwem strategicznym w łańcuchu dostaw.

EN

The aim of the article is to present the impact of human resource management models on building strategic partnership in supply chains. The process of the evolution of inter-organizational trust was identified and described, and the importance of Japanese keiretsu structures in the context of building partnerships between the links of the supply chain was emphasized. The author has also created a proprietary model of the relationship between human resource management models and strategic partnership in the supply chain.

17

Ocena poziomu zaufania w wybranych przedsiębiorstwach należących do branż high-tech

Libertowska Andżelika

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2020

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Nr 81

129--140

PL

Obecnie przedsiębiorstwa prowadzą swoją działalność w turbulentnym otoczeniu. Jest to związane z postępującymi procesami globalizacji oraz rozwoju gospodarki opartej na wiedzy, wspartymi rozwojem zaawansowanych technologii. Wobec tego menedżerowie muszą podejmować działania ukierunkowane na wzrost elastyczności organizacji. Poszukiwania źródeł tworzenia i osiągania przewagi konkurencyjnej skupiają się wokół czynników, które mogą ową elastyczność zapewnić. Są to tzw. miękkie zasoby przedsiębiorstwa, w tym zaufanie, związane głównie z jego kapitałem intelektualnym. Celem artykułu jest dyskusja nad znaczeniem, jakie ma w przedsiębiorstwie zaufanie, zarówno wewnętrzne, jak i zewnętrzne. Dodatkowo zawiera on wyniki badań własnych, których tematem jest ocena poziomu zaufania w przedsiębiorstwach należących do branż high-tech w Wielkopolsce.

EN

Currently, enterprises operate in a turbulent environment. This is related to the progressing globalization processes, the development of the knowledge-based economy, supported by the development of advanced technologies. Therefore, managers are forced to take actions aimed at increasing the flexibility of the organization. The identification of sources of building and achieving competitive advantage are concentrated around factors that can provide this flexibility. They are the so-called soft enterprise resources, mainly related to its intellectual capital. The purpose of the article is to discuss the importance of trust in the company, both internal and external. In addition, it contains the results of own research on the assessment of the level of trust in enterprises belonging to the high-tech industries in the Wielkopolska region.

18

Final purchasers cooperation with offerors vs trust in products according to the extent of purchasers' involvement in their preparation

Baruk Agnieszka Izabela

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 147

41--52

EN

Purpose: This article aims to determine the significance of cooperation between final purchasers and offerors in the process of creating a marketing offer, as well as identify the dependencies between this cooperation and purchasers’ trust in products, according to the scope of purchasers’ involvement in their preparation. Design/methodology/approach: The results of a cognitive-critical analysis of the world literature on the subject indicate a cognitive and research gap in this area. Until now, cooperation between final purchasers and offerors has not been examined in the context of mutual trust. In order to reduce the gap, empirical studies were conducted, in which a questionnaire was used to gather primary data. The data was subjected to a quantitative analysis, including statistical analysis. Findings: The results made it possible to verify three research hypotheses and draw conclusions of cognitive and applicability value. Statistically significant dependencies were identified between respondents’ trust in products and three analysed variables reflecting their attitudes towards cooperation with offerors and their prosumptive behaviours. The relatively strongest dependence is visible between trust in products according to the scope of respondents’ involvement in their preparation and respondents’ willingness to cooperate with producers. Research limitations/implications: The research has certain limitations, such as its subjective and objective scope. It comprised only adult final purchasers and the analysis comprised only selected aspects of cooperation between final purchasers and offerors. Originality/value: The results of the research contribute to the theory and practice of marketing and consumer behaviour, reducing the cognitive and research gap in the analysis of this cooperation in the context of trust in products.

19

Effectiveness factors in interim management projects – research concept

Skowron-Mielnik Beata, Sobiecki Grzegorz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 149

575--593

EN

Purpose: The aim of studies undertaken in the article is to identify factors that may have an effect on the relationship between the results of interim management projects and increasing their effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach: An empirical-inductive approach – the literature studies and secondary empirical data analyses. Findings: The authors point to the following three key factors: trust, power and knowledge. In the future, the results of the studies presented here will form the foundations to develop an empirical-inductive research program with the aim to verify the significance of the identified factor, the relationships between them and their effect on the effectiveness of the process. It applies not only to commercial organizations, but also to non-profit institutions, political organizations and public utility organizations, such as health care institutions. Practical implications: This article refers to the effectiveness of the implementation process of interim management projects. The effectiveness of the whole process is strongly conditioned by both the competence of the interim manager and the perception of the client. Research results can be used to improve these competences and to improve the effectiveness of IM projects. Originality/value: The pioneering nature of work aimed at filling the existing research gap and answering the research question made the authors opt for an empirical-inductive approach.

20

Factors shaping inter-organizational trust in e-commerce based on literature review

Gajda Klaudia

Management

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2020

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Vol. 24, no. 1

23--38

EN

The article is devoted to identifying external and internal factors that shape inter-organizational trust in e-commerce. Studying how trust between e-commerce partners is built, four key B2B trust spheres were analyzed based on literature. After analyzing thirteen research reports, the factors shaping B2B trust are presented due to their frequency of occurrence in the reports. Research has shown that among the many factors determining B2B trust, the greatest value in interactions between e-commerce partners lies in the factors, i.e.: „common values”, „communication”, „experience and qualifications”.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest zidentyfikowaniu czynników zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych, które kształtują zaufanie międzyorganizacyjne w handlu elektronicznym. Badając, w jaki sposób budowane jest zaufanie pomiędzy partnerami e-handlu, w oparciu o literaturę, przyjrzano się również czterem, kluczowym sferom zaufania B2B w świetle definicyjnym. Po przeanalizowaniu trzynastu raportów badawczych, przedstawiono czynniki kształtowania zaufania B2B, ze względu na częstotliwość ich występowania w raportach. Badania pokazały, że spośród wielu czynników determinujących zaufanie B2B, największa wartość w interakcjach między partnerami e-handlu, leży po stronie czynników, tj. „wspólne wartości”, „komunikacja”, „doświadczenie i kwalifikacje”.