This extensive analytical article presents vehicles for disabled people, that were driving on the Polish roads in the years 1945-1990. Over the years, they have undergone detailed type-approval tests at the Motor Transport Institute in Warsaw, thanks to which the original technical characteristics and functional description of this type of vehicles have been analysed and presented for the first time. The material was illustrated with numerous photographs, drawings and tables, and appropriate conclusions were presented at the end.
PL
W tym obszernym analitycznym artykule zaprezentowano pojazdy dla osób niepełnosprawnych, które poruszały się po polskich drogach w latach 1945-1990. Na przestrzeni lat przeszły one szczegółowe badania homologacyjne w Instytucie Transportu Samochodowego w Warszawie dzięki czemu zachowała się oryginalna po raz pierwszy zanalizowana i zaprezentowana charakterystyka techniczna i opis funkcjonalny tego typu pojazdów. Materiał zobrazowano licznymi fotografiami, rysunkami i tabelami a na końcu zaprezentowano stosowne wnioski.
In many city centres and some large urban areas, access restrictions are imposed on trucks and vans. On the other hand, the number of e-commerce packages to be delivered daily is increasing rapidly, and service companies of all kinds also have to serve their customers in these areas. The use of cargo bikes is seen as a possible solution. The direct reason for this research is the observation that there is still room for a new type of cargo bike that meets the needs of the outlined target groups. This article summarises how the quality function deployment (QFD) method has been used for the systematic development of an electric cargo tricycle that meets these needs. The developed tricycle distinguishes itself from existing cargo bikes mainly by its loading capacity, stability and manoeuvrability. The prototype tests performed by professional couriers were so positive that a pilot series was built.
This contribution introduces process and results of assessment of the ride properties of a tricycle in terms of driving safety as well as in terms of ride comfort for passengers. The analysed tricycle has been designed at the authors’ workplace. Ride comfort for passenger of road vehicles is one of the most important performances of a vehicle. The research of automotive passenger ride comfort is still very important. Values of vertical wheel forces were evaluated as critical parameters for assessment of driving safety and values of total accelerations were assessed in terms of ride comfort. At the same every vehicle has to meet quite strict criteria for driving safety. All calculation and evaluation of results were carried out by means of multibody software package.
PL
Praca prezentuje proces oceny i wyniki badań właściwości jezdnych pojazdu trójkołowego pod względem bezpieczeństwa jazdy, a także pod względem komfortu jazdy dla pasażerów. Analizowany trójkołowiec został zaprojektowany w miejscu pracy autorów. Komfort jazdy dla pasażerów pojazdów drogowych jest jednym z najważniejszych parametrów pojazdu. Badania komfortu jazdy pasażerów samochodów są nadal bardzo ważne. Wartości sił pionowych kół oceniono jako parametry krytyczne do oceny bezpieczeństwa jazdy, a wartości przyspieszeń całkowitych oceniono jako najważniejsze w kwestii komfortu jazdy. Jednocześnie każdy pojazd musi spełniać dość surowe kryteria bezpieczeństwa jazdy. Wszystkie obliczenia i oceny wyników przeprowadzono za pomocą pakietu oprogramowania wieloobiektowego.
Vibration properties of road vehicles can be in principles evaluated using two ways, i. e. by simulation computations using a virtual model of a vehicle and by measuring on a real vehicle prototype, whereby, their dynamical properties are usually assessed in compliance with to two criterions, namely from the ride comfort for passengers point of view and from the driving safety point of view. The topic of this article is focused on evaluation of passenger’s ride comfort of a tricycle. In this regard, vertical movements of a vehicle are most important. In respect of ride comfort for passengers, accelerations in vertical direction are critical. Accelerations are usually detected on a seat. In regard of driving safety, value of the contact force between a wheel and a road are decisive. In our research we present process of investigation of level of ride comfort for passengers and level of driving safety of a tricycle based on simulation computations using the tricycle multibody model.
In the article two different control system structures of electric driven tricycle are presented. The very specific feature of the vehicle is that it works with "pedaling by wire". It means, that there is no mechanical coupling between pedals and any of driven wheels. This structure gives an advantage of achieving wide range of the correlation between the pedals load torque and speed and the driven wheels electromagnetic torque and speed. The challenge is to provide a natural pedaling feels for the rider. Two different approaches for control system signal flow are compared for natural pedaling feel for cyclist. The system architecture bases on CAN network distributed control that links three independent wheel drives, dedicated HMI panel, generator inverter and centralized supervisory board. The modelling methods are presented in the paper with an appropriate analytical base. Simulation results of presented control structures follows experimental ones taken from the electric tricycle.
W artykule zawarto opis trójkołowego pojazdu zbudowanego w większości z części rowerowych i napędzanego silnikiem elektrycznym. Przedstawiona koncepcja stanowi oryginalne osiągnięcie – od projektu, poprzez dobór elementów konstrukcyjnych i sterowania, aż do wykonania pojazdu i przeprowadzenia testów użytkowych. Głównymi kryteriami stawianymi przed nowym pojazdem były: prostota obsługi, niezawodność, dostępność elementów oraz koszt materiałów. W pracy przedstawiono również uzyskane wyniki testów prototypu oraz nakreślono kierunki dalszych prac.
EN
The article includes a description of the three-wheeled vehicle built mostly from bicycle parts and driven by a DC motor. The concept is a original achievement – beginning from the design through selection of components and control system, until to the vehicle prototype performance and testing. The main criteria for the new vehicle were: ease of use, high reliability, availability of components and material cost. The paper presents the tests results and directions for further work.
The article presents an optimization process of the brake disc in terms of mass and strength resistance. A model of the disc was made using three-dimensional software – Catia V5 (CAD). Model has been subjected to the parameterization process for the strength calculations. A brake disc was fixed at the location of the mounting screws and subjected to torque resulting from the braking process. As a result of calculations, a set of parameters that meet the established boundary conditions was obtained as shown in the article.
W pracy przedstawiono projekt wielofunkcyjnego pojazdu trójkołowego dla dzieci niepełnosprawnych. Ze względu na istotne znaczenie rowerów w rehabilitacji ruchowej oraz ich powszechne występowanie zaproponowano konstrukcję charakteryzującą się wielofunkcyjnością i modułowością. Przeprowadzona analiza stereomechaniczna konstrukcji pojazdu pozwoliła na weryfikację wytrzymałościową i ocenę jego ramy nośnej. Obliczenia i symulacje przeprowadzono w programie Ansys Workbench i na tej podstawie wyciągnięto wnioski końcowe.
EN
The project of a multifunctional tricycle for disabled children is presented in this paper. Modal construction of tricycle has been developed for children rehabilitation. A stereomechanical analysis of the vehicle’s frame has allowed to verify material properties and its strength. The calculations and simulations have been made in Ansys Workbench program. Obtained results were used to propose final conclusions.
W pracy przedstawiono propozycję trójkołowego rowem dla dzieci niepełnosprawnych wspomagającego ich rehabilitację. Projekt został wykonany w programie Inventor, natomiast obliczeń wytrzymałościowych dokonano w systemie ANSYS. Projekt zrealizowano we współpracy z firmą Ortolan.
EN
This paper is presented the project of tricycle for disabled children, which is designed to rehabilitation them. Mechanical side of this project was made with Inventor 11, but stress and strain of frame was obtained with ANSYS. The project was realized in cooperation with a Ortolan Corporation.