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1

Textile Wastewater Treated by Constructed Wetlands – A Critical Review

Hussein Amjad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

256--275

EN

Textile industries are among the most environmentally unsustainable businesses, releasing large amounts of effluent that endangers ecosystem health. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are low-cost eco-technical treatments for industrial wastewater control. The CWs are self-contained remediation systems that do not require external energy and have basic mechanisms for pollutant removal, such as biological, chemical, and physical processes. For more than sixty years, constructed wetlands have been utilized to clean wastewater. Most applications have been developed to treat municipal or household wastewater, although CWs are now successfully used to treat a wide range of wastewater types. Constructed wetlands were also employed to treat textile industry effluents in the 1990s. The survey indicated that textile manufacturing wastewaters were treated using subsurface and surface-flow wetlands. Both horizontal and vertical flow systems have been designed within subsurface flow-created wetlands. In addition, many hybrid-built wetlands have recently been documented in the literature for textile industrial wastewater treatment. According to the survey, textile industrial wastewater is treated in constructed wetlands on all continents, and this research includes the data from 65 constructed wetlands in 21 nations worldwide. This paper examined the latest improvements and discoveries in CWs and the many types of CWs used for textile wastewater treatment. The paper also demonstrated state-of-the-art integrated technologies for improving the performance and sustainability of CWs, such as CW-MFC systems.

2

Heavy Metals – Definition, Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Releasing into Ecosystems, Toxicity, and Removal Methods – An Overview Study

Jadaa Waleed, Mohammed Hamad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

249--271

EN

The constant discharge of large quantities of toxic substances due to human activities has led to a global environmental issue. Numerous industrial sectors’ effluents, which include coal-based power plants, mineral extraction activities, electroplating processes, as well as battery manufacturing, release metallic ions towards different ecosystems, such as Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), and Chromium (Cr). Heavy metals pose a significant danger to living organisms, humans, and environments because of their properties, mainly severe toxicity, and strong accumulation ability. Metallic ions are not subject to breakdown towards final components when contrasted with organic contaminants, which are significantly impacted by biochemical and chemical decomposition. Consequently, eliminating these elements has been regarded as a significant task within the water treatment sector. The purpose of this article is to analyze the literature related to heavy metals in terms of different issues. The heavy metals expression is explained. The natural sources and human activities responsible for releasing metallic ions into the environment are comprehensively discussed. In addition, heavy metals toxicity and potential risks to humans and different ecosystems are included. Various approaches for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater, along with their associated advantages and drawbacks, are further evaluated.

3

Wielopoziomowa walka z zanieczyszczeniem wód - nowa odsłona dyrektywy ściekowej

Dawidowicz Magdalena, Kowalczyk Jakub, Pietrzak Dominik

Gospodarka Wodna

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2023

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Nr 3

24--27

PL

Za zanieczyszczenie wód substancjami biogennymi - azotem i fosforem - w dużej mierze odpowiadają rolnictwo i gospodarka ściekowa. By ograniczyć wpływ tych sektorów na stan wód, regularnie prowadzone są przeglądy i aktualizacje programów i polityk w tym zakresie, zarówno na poziomie Unii Europejskiej, jak i krajowym, oraz realizowany jest szereg działań i inwestycji. Z uwagi na dynamiczny rozwój przemysłu i produkcji w ostatnich dekadach problemem dla wód stały się nowe rodzaje zanieczyszczeń. Do walki z ich ograniczeniem służyć ma szeroki wachlarz nowych rozwiązań proponowanych w projekcie znowelizowanej dyrektywy ściekowej.

EN

Agriculture and wastewater management are among the main sources of pollution of waters with biogenic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus. In order to reduce the impact of these sectors on the status of waters, regular revisions and updates of related programmes and policies are carried out, both on EU and national levels, followed by a series of actions and investments. Due to the dynamic development of industry and production over recent decades, waters now face new types of pollutions. The draft revision of the wastewater directive - the so-called transformation - includes a wide range of new solutions to reduce them.

4

Ocena skuteczności oczyszczania wody w aspekcie usuwania związków żelaza i manganu

Wolska Małgorzata, Kabsch-Korbutowicz Małgorzata, Wiśniewski Jacek

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2023

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Nr 2

17--20

PL

Wody podziemne, stanowiące główne źródło zaopatrzenia ludności w wodę do picia, ze względu na swój skład wymagają często uzdatniania z wykorzystaniem procesów napowietrzania i filtracji. O skuteczności przebiegu tych procesów decyduje wiele parametrów eksploatacyjnych poszczególnych procesów jednostkowych, które powinny być kontrolowane, a w wypadku pogorszenia jakości uzdatnionej wody odpowiednio weryfikowane. W artykule, na podstawie przeprowadzonych badan, pokazano ze oceny przebiegu usuwania związków żelaza i manganu podczas uzdatniania wód podziemnych można dokonać na podstawie badań w skali wielkolaboratoryjnej oraz technicznej.

EN

Groundwater, the main source of the drinking water supply, due to its composition, often requires treatment using aeration and filtration processes. The effectiveness of the process is determined by a number of operational parameters of individual unit processes, which should be controlled and, in the case of the treated water quality deterioration, properly verified. In the article, based on the performed studies, it is shown that the evaluation of iron and manganese compounds removal during groundwater treatment can be carried out on the basis of large-laboratory and technical scale studies.

5

Treatment of Domestic Wastewater on Fixed-Bed Reactor Using Plastic Supporting Media – A Review

Fauzi Mhd., Soewondo Prayatni, Nur Ansiha

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

276--281

EN

Biofilm processes are increasingly being recognized for the removal of organics and nutrients in domestic wastewater treatment. One system that is often used is the Fixed-Bed Reactor (FBR). This review aimed to analyze wastewater treatment using anoxic-aerobic FBR system with various supporting media. The method used was the descriptive analysis of articles obtained from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Springer. The results of the review showed that wastewater treatment with a growth system is able to remove organics and nutrients quite high. The types of polymers used as supporting media for attaching biofilms consisted of PET, PS, HDPE, and LDPE. However, when viewed from the removal efficiency, the supporting media with polymers is superior to PET compared to other types. This is because PET has hydrophobic physicochemical properties which have good adhesion in the initial attachment of microorganisms. In addition, this type of PS polymer also has fairly high organic and nutrient removal efficiency, similarly to other types of polymers such as HDPE, and LDPE.

6

The Impact of Wastewater on the Quality of Water of Nerodime River

Luzha Ibush, Rizani Smajl, Hasalliu Rozeta, Salihu Lorike, Durmishi Berat, Nuha Demokrat, Haziri Veton, Fetoshi Osman, Bytyçi Pajtim

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

10--18

EN

This study aimed to evaluate the discharge waters in the Nerodime River and the impact of the seasons on the quality of the surface waters in the Nerodime River. Research data were collected at six locations along the Nerodime River in three seasons of 2021. During this research, 14 physico-chemical parameters and total coliform bacteria were analyzed. Based on the study results, most of the tested parameters are above the maximum values allowed in conformity with the legislation in Kosova (Administrative Instruction (MMPH) No. 30/2014 and Administrative Instruction (MMPH) No. 16/2012). CCA (canonical correspondence analysis) indicates that Total coliform bacteria were in positive correlation with turbidity, color, chlorides, sulphates, and total coliform bacteria. This Poor quality is a consequence of anthropogenic activities including industrial water use and sewage discharge.

7

A Review on the Adsorption of Phenol Derivatives from Wastewater

Benaddi Rabia, Osmane Ahmed, Zidan Khadija, El Harfi Khalifa, Ouazzani Naaila

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

35--43

EN

Several environmental companies consider phenols compounds to be very dangerous pollutants because they are highly toxic and non-biodegradable, notably their high toxicity in water. For this reason, several processes have been studied by researchers to understand the mechanisms of elimination of phenolic compounds. Adsorption remains the best technique due to its characteristics, in fact, it is non-destructive and simple to use as well as have more other advantages, such as practicality and efficiency and low cost, Therefore, these methods need to be widely developed on an industrial scale to remove phenol derivatives and achieve wastewater quality in accordance with standards. On the other hand, the development of these adsorption methods is highly dependent on new research on materials from abundant natural resources, namely apatites or biomaterials.

8

A Review on Processes for Olive Mill Waste Water Treatment

Benaddi Rabia, Osmane Ahmed, Zidan Khadija, El Harfi Khalifa, Ouazzani Naaila

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

196--207

EN

The olive mill waste water (OMWW) are effluents issued from the extraction of olive oil, these effluents are cloudy-looking liquids with a reddish-brown color, their pH varies from 4 to 5. They are very rich in polyphenols, which causes many environmental problems, such as water pollution, Currently, on an industrial scale, there is no reliable, efficient, and less expensive technique for OMWW treatment. OMWW are evaporated in watertight basins or discharged into watercourses. Several techniques have been studied to treat these industrial effluents. The objective of this work was to compare these studies to formulate the recommendations that can be adopted for an effective and cheaper treatment of these effluents which constitute a major environmental problem for water resources. Indeed, it can be concluded that it is very difficult to treat OMWW by conventional methods due to its non-biodegradability and high cost of others methods like distillation and oxidation. In the end, it was concluded that for a better OMWW treatment, it is necessary to start firstly by the adsorption of phenolic compounds which are responsible for the nonbiodegradability of OMWW while using cheaper adsorbents namely clays, bio-adsorbents or apatites, then dilute the OMWW with domestic wastewater. The dilution of OMWW by urban wastewater leads to good mineralization of organic matter by enriching the medium with microorganisms, which facilitates the elimination of the organic load and then we use the usual techniques as a plant filter or active sludge for mixture treatment.

9

Behavior of damaged TBM tunnel under MJS and Micro-disturbance grouting treatment: a case study

Feng Shi, Yang Yijun, Jiang Yexiang, Li Yongdi, Yao Lianghao, Chen Xiaolong

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 2

339--352

EN

The operating subway tunnel is often damaged due to excessive deformation in China. In order to ensure the safe for operation, remediation and protection measures must be taken, especially in soft soil areas. This paper presents a case study on remedial scheme of damaged TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) tunnel adjacent to excavation combining with MJS (Metro Jet System) and micro-disturbance grouting technology in Hangzhou, China. The track bed settlement, horizontal displacement and convergence of the TBM tunnel caused by MJS and micro-disturbance grouting construction were analyzed and discussed. The results showed the characteristics of soil layer under the tunnel have significant influence on the treatment effect. Even if multiple grouting was adopted, the treatment failure may occur under the combination action of external loads such as traffic load or surcharge load, which should be considered when civil engineers design remediation scheme. The results can provide practical experience and guidance for similar treatment scheme of damaged TBM tunnel.

10

Leczenie bólu w covid-19

Bobrzyk Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach

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2022

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T. 15

9--19

PL

Covid-19 stanowi zagrożenie dla zdrowia publicznego na całym świecie. Ból jest najczęstszym, obok gorączki i kaszlu, objawem zgłaszanym przez pacjentów chorujących na covid-19. Występuje u pacjentów w aktywnej fazie choroby, może również dotyczyć chorych z „long COVID” i „post -COVID”, u których symptomy choroby utrzymują się przez wiele tygodni lub miesięcy. Ze względu na złożony charakter bólu, konieczność jednoczesnego leczenia różnych aspektów choroby oraz często przewlekły charakter dolegliwości, leczenie bólu u chorych zakażonych wirusem SARS-CoV-2 może stanowić problem terapeutyczny. W artykule przedstawiono możliwe mechanizmy powstawania bólu oraz opcje jego leczenia.

EN

Covid-19 is a serious threat to public health worldwide. Pain is the most common symptom, along the fever and cough, reported by patients suffering from covid-19. Pain affects patients with the active phase of their disease and can also remain in ‚long COVID’ and ‚post-COVID’ stage, when symptoms of the disease can last for weeks or months. Due to the complex nature of pain, the need for treatment for various aspects of the disease simultaneously, and the often chronic nature of the ailments, pain management in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be a therapeutic problem. The article discusses possible pain mechanisms and treatment options.

11

Innovative Method for Water Deiron Ions Using Capillary Material

Trus Inna, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Halysh Vita, Chuprinov Evhen, Benatov Daniel, Hlushko Olena, Sirenko Ludmila

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

174--182

EN

Among all known inorganic pollutants of wastewater and natural water that adversely affect water bodies, different living organisms and human beings, iron compounds are the most common. Before discharging the wastewater into water bodies, it is important to remove iron ions from wastewater. The application of capillary materials in water and wastewater treatment is a promising direction of ecology and technology. The capillary properties of materials allow the development of quite simple, autonomous, highly efficient and energy-saving systems for water purification. The aim of the present paper was the investigation of the influence of the basic conditions of the filtration process with the application of capillary materia on the efficiency of iron ions removal. The initial concentration of the model solution, pH and temperature of the filtration process, as well as the contact area of the liquid phase with oxygen of the air were studied. The proposed method is appropriate for the treatment of water in the concentration range from 5 to 10 mg/dm3 with an optimum pH in the range of 4–7. The experimental data showed high efficiency of capillary materials application, providing sufficient removal of iron ions from low concentrated solutions, compared to the traditional method of precipitation. The main advantage of the capillary materials is the simplicity of their application, quite high degree of purification and there no need to consume electricity or additional reagents, which allows creating autonomous water treatment facilities and plants.

12

Contribution to the Treatment of Urban Wastewater in the City of Fez by Coagulation and Flocculation Using a Biodegradable Reagent

Elmansouri Ibtissame, Lahkimi Amal, Benaabou Mohamed, Chaouch Mehdi, Eloutassi Noureddine, Bekkari Hicham

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

77--85

EN

This study includes two parts; the first one, concerns evaluation of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the urban wastewater of the city of Fez, through a space-time dynamics. In turn, the second part deals with the contribution to the treatment of these effluents, by a new biodegradable reagent in the process of physicochemical treatment (coagulation flocculation). For this purpose, the sampling of urban wastewater was carried out 4 months (September, December, February and June 2019), at a rate of two samplings per period on 4 specific sites along the river Fez, the degree of contamination of which differs from one site to another, according to space and time. The diagnostic of these stations showed a high level of pollution that is difficult to biodegrade. Indeed, this pollution can cause negative effects not only on the environment but also on human’s health. In order to take long-term action against the low quality of water and to replace certain inorganic coagulants, alternative processes for water treatment using cactus powder were set up. The characterization of results showed that the urban effluent has a high load in terms of electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as concentrations of faecal coliforms, streptococci and staphylococci. In addition, the purifying power revealed that the removal rate of COD reaches maximum values of 38% and 58% forlimeand the mixture of lime with cactus powder, respectively.

13

Issues of biodegradable components in municipal solid waste: short overview of the problem and its possible solution in Ukraine

Prykhodko Veronika, Safranov Tamerlan, Shanina Tatyana

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2022

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Vol. 15, no. 2

157--167

EN

The paper focuses on the problem of biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste in Ukraine. More then 60% of the total municipal solid waste mass in Ukraine is biodegradable waste. At present, this waste group is almost completely dumped on waste disposal sites and landfills that lead to “resource value” loss and to environmental problems. The work presents a classification of the group of biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste as well as quantitative characteristics of the group and the results of data variability analysis. Methane emission and disruption of the natural cycles of nutrients, in particular carbon, are considered as the environmental problems, related to such waste disposal on the waste dumps. Based on the biodegradable waste classification, the main possible ways of the problem solution that will help to achieve a “zero waste” goal for this group are presented. Efficient use of such waste as recyclable material resources is possible in case of easily-decomposed organic waste separation at the waste generation moment.

14

VCX 600i XP: Nowe 5-osiowe centrum obróbkowe

Świat Obrabiarek i Narzędzi

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2021

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R. 16, nr 4

8

15

Premiera na rynku a800Z

Świat Obrabiarek i Narzędzi

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2021

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R. 16, nr 4

8

16

Biofilmy w systemach dystrybucji wody - przegląd historyczny, przyczyny i konsekwencje Cz. 1, Krótka historia o wodzie bezpiecznej

Kręgiel Dorota

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2021

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Nr 3

19--21

PL

Biofilmy w sieci dystrybucji można zdefiniować jako niepożądane nagromadzenie materiału biologicznego na różnych powierzchniach instalacyjnych, co niesie ze sobą poważne konsekwencje związane ze zmianą barwy, zapachu i smaku wody, a także ze stopniowym niszczeniem materiału rur i złączek. Początkowe próby rozwiązywania problemu biofilmów obejmowały stosowanie zbiorników sedymentacyjnych oraz czyszczenie sieci dystrybucji. Na przełomie XIX i XX wieku zaczęto stosowanie techniki filtracji piaskowej i dezynfekcji, co bardzo pomogło ograniczyć ładunek substancji organicznych w wodzie pitnej. Lepsze zrozumienie przyczyn bioosadzania w systemach dystrybucji wody skutkowało wprowadzaniem różnych przepisów i wytycznych, które z kolei były czynnikiem napędzającym kierunek wprowadzania nowych metod uzdatniania wody, nowych materiałów rur i połączeń, wreszcie rozwoju nowych technik analitycznych. Celem tego przeglądu jest omówienie przyczyn i konsekwencji tworzenia biofilmów z historycznego punktu widzenia, począwszy od pierwszych zapisanych wydarzeń aż do początków XX wieku.

EN

Biofilms in water distribution system can be defined as the undesirable accumulation of biological material on the various installation surfaces, with serious consequences in terms of color, odor and taste, as well as the gradual deterioration of the material of pipes and fittings. Initial attempts to solve the biofilm problem included using of sedimentation tanks and cleaning of the distribution network. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, sand filtration and disinfection techniques were used, which greatly helped to reduce the load of organic substances. A better understanding of biofouling in water distribution systems resulted in the introduction of various regulations and guidelines, which in turn drove the direction of new water treatment methods, new pipe materials and connections, and finally the development of new analytical techniques. The purpose of this review is to discuss the causes and consequences of biofilm formation from a historical point of view, from the first recorded events to the early 20th century.

17

Stem cells in diabetes – will implementing interdisciplinary online collaboration help to dispel ethical resistance?

Kozłowska Ewa, Grabowska Anna, Deutsch Nellie

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2021

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Vol. 24, no. 163

68

18

Advanced bio-hybrid materials incorporated with the nanocarrier-drug system as multi-compartmental dressings supporting the treatment of Psoriasis

Bialik-Wąs Katarzyna, Miastkowska Małgorzata, Pluta Klaudia, Malina Dagmara

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2021

|

Vol. 24, no. 163

19

Badanie oleju w transformatorach sieciowych i rozdzielczych oraz jego regeneracja w transformatorach dużych mocy w celu przywrócenia właściwości eksploatacyjnych

Gołębiowski Lesław, Wajda Józef

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2020

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R. 88, nr 11

20--25

PL

W artykule omówiono sposób postępowania przy pobieraniu oleju z transformatorów trzeciej grupy do badań laboratoryjnych, a także mechanizm powstawania w olejach izolacyjnych stałych zanieczyszczeń i produktów starzenia w miejscu zainstalowania transformatorów. Opisane zostały doświadczenia w prowadzeniu siarki aktywnej (w olejach korozyjnych). Przedstawiony został sposób regeneracji oleju wyeksploatowanego i korozyjnego w transformatorach małych i dużych mocy. Zestawione wyniki odzwierciedlają proces starzenia izolacji w trakcie kilkuletniej eksploatacji po uzdatnieniu oleju do eksploatacji.

EN

The article discusses the procedure for taking oil from transformers of the 3rd group for laboratory tests, as well as the mechanism of the formation of solid impurities and aging products in the insulating oils at the place of transformer installation. Experiments in conducting active sulfur (in corrosive oils) have been described. The method of regenerating used and corrosive oil in low and high power transformers is presented. The summarized results reflect the aging process of the insulation during several years of operation after oil treatment for operation.

20

Ocena jakości wód basenowych – studium przypadku

Michałkiewicz Michał, Kruszelnicka Izabela, Ginter-Kramarczyk Dobrochna, Śmigielska Agata

Technologia Wody

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2020

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Nr 2 (70)

30--37

PL

Praca zawiera wyniki analiz mikrobiologicznych i fizykochemicznych wody basenowej. Przedmiotem badań była woda pochodząca z niecek basenów sportowych znajdujących się na dwóch pływalniach. Na obu badanych basenach prowadzono różną dezynfekcję wody. Na jednym z nich woda była naświetlana promieniami UV i na koniec dodawano podchloryn sodu. Na drugim basenie woda była dezynfekowana wyłącznie podchlorynem sodu. Przydatność badanej wody porównano z dopuszczalnymi wartościami obowiązującymi zgodnie z Rozporządzeniem Ministra Zdrowia oraz z wynikami otrzymanymi z Sanepidu (z rocznego okresu badań). Ogólnie stwierdzono, że jakość wody jest bardzo dobra pod względem mikrobiologicznym i fizykochemicznym. Dobrane systemy uzdatniania wody są odpowiednie dla każdego analizowanego basenu. Równoczesne badanie wody pod kątem mikrobiologicznym jak i fizykochemicznym pokazuje, że na jakość badanej wody ma duży wpływ metoda dezynfekcji. Badania dowiodły, że zarówno analizy mikrobiologiczne jak i fizykochemiczne są istotne w celu określenia jakości i przydatności wody basenowej do użytkowania.

EN

The work contains a microbiological and physicochemical analysis of pool water. The subject of research was water from the basins of two sports swimming pools. For both tested pools, different water disinfection was carried out. In one of them, the water was irradiated with UV rays and finally added sodium hypochlorite. In the second pool, the water was disinfected only with sodium hypochlorite. The usefulness of the tested water compared with the acceptable values in accordance to the Regulation of the Ministry of health and with the results obtained from the epidemiological station (annual period). In general, it was found that the water quality in terms of microbiological and physicochemical balance is very good. Selected water treatment systems are appropriate for each of the analyzed pools. Simultaneous water testing for microbiological and physicochemical quality shows that the method of disinfection has a significant influence on the water quality. The studies have shown that both the microbiological analysis and physicochemical properties are relevant in order to determine the quality and balance of the pool water.