Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Comparative analysis of the unit costs of the Polish freight international transport operating on the Eastern and EU markets, 2009-2021

Zysińska Małgorzata, Menes Maciej

Transport Samochodowy

|

2023

|

z. 1

37--50

EN

The article represents next part of the cyclical publications of the Department of Economic Research and Transport accessibility in the field of cost analysis of the Polish international freight transport companies. It made a comparative assessment of the average unit costs of international carriers incurred in 2021 in relation to the results from previous years. The study covered enterprises serving Eastern markets and the European Union (EU). The statistical characteristics of the surveyed entities are presented, taking into account their size, determined based on the size of the fleet of trucks operated. It also shows the average costs of one vehicle-kilometre (vehicle-km) of mileage for a truck over 12 Mg GVM, depending on the size of the enterprise and taking into account the direction of transport. The generic cost structure of the surveyed carriers was also analysed. The development of unit costs in 2021 in relation to the period 2009-2020 is presented in tabular and graphic form. A summary of the evaluation of the impact of external factors on the functioning of the sector, from the carriers’ perspective, was also presented. The study was conducted based on the questionnaires completed by carriers associated with (ZMPD) Association of International Road Carriers.

PL

Artykuł stanowi najnowszą cześć cyklicznych publikacji Pracowni Ekonomiki i Dostępności Transportu w zakresie analizy kosztów polskich przedsiębiorstwach międzynarodowego transportu ciężarowego. Dokonano w nim oceny porównawczej średnich kosztów jednostkowych przewoźników międzynarodowych poniesionych w 2021 roku w odniesieniu do wyników z poprzednich lat. Badaniem objęto przedsiębiorstwa obsługujące rynki wschodnie, jak i Unii Europejskiej (UE). Przedstawiono charakterystykę statystyczną badanych podmiotów, z uwzględnieniem ich wielkości, określonej na podstawie liczebności eksploatowanej floty pojazdów ciężarowych. Pokazano również, jak kształtują się średnie koszty jednego wozokilometra (wozokm) przebiegu dla samochodu ciężarowego powyżej 12 Mg DMC, w zależności od wielkości przedsiębiorstwa oraz z uwzględnieniem kierunku przewozu. Analizie poddano również strukturę rodzajową kosztów badanych przewoźników. Przedstawiono w formie tabelarycznej i graficznej kształtowanie się kosztów jednostkowych w 2021 roku w odniesieniu do okresu 2009-2020. Przedstawiono również podsumowanie oceny wpływu czynników zewnętrznych na funkcjonowanie sektora, z perspektywy przewoźników. Badanie prowadzono na podstawie ankiet wypełnionych przez przewoźników zrzeszonych w ZMPD.

2

A study on interstate freight mode choice between trucks and trains used to transport oil products: a case study of Iraq

Noor Hussein M., Asmael Noor M.

Transport Problems

|

2023

|

T. 18, z. 3

29--40

EN

Freight mode choice is an important stage in shipping demand modeling. Transporting oil products using trucks between cities has several issues, including increased risk of accidents, higher transportation costs, environmental impact, and traffic congestion. Due to the absence of local studies, in addition to the few global studies that deal with freight mode selection used to transport oil derivatives between cities, the aim of the study is to develop transport mode choice models for trucks and trains transporting oil products between the interstate capital of Baghdad and the government of Basra for export. The revealed preference survey was used for 277 goods transport data collected with the help of personal interviews, questionnaires, and government institutions. The collected data were processed using two statistical approaches: binary logistic regression and Firth logistic regression. The study’s findings assist decision-makers in selecting sustainable modes of transport.

3

The place and role of freight transport in the Polish economy against the background of the European Union

Menes Maciej

Transport Samochodowy

|

2022

|

z. 2

10--16

EN

The article synthetically characterizes the Polish freight transport sector compared to its counterpart in the European Union. The article presents the changes during the years 1990-2019 taking place in the number of various types of transport means used, belonging to Poland and 27 European Union countries. The volume and structure of the freight transport performance of Poland and the European Union as well as the changes taking place in them over the last 30 years were also characterised. The reasons for changes in the structure of freight transport performance in Poland were analysed. Various types of transport infrastructure in Poland were described and analysed, and the changes taking place in it were presented. The impact of EU funds on changes in the transport infrastructure of Poland was also described.

PL

Artykuł syntetycznie charakteryzuje sektor polskiego transportu towarowego na tle jego odpowiednika w Unii Europejskiej. Artykuł przedstawia zmiany w latach 1990-2019 zachodzące w ilości eksploatowanych różnego rodzaju środków transportu należących do Polski oraz 27 krajów Unii Europejskiej. Scharakteryzowano również wielkość i strukturę pracy przewozowej transportu towarowego Polski i Unii Europejskiej oraz zachodzące w nich na przestrzeni ostatnich 30 lat zmiany. Przeanalizowano powody zmian w strukturze pracy przewozowej transportu towarowego w Polsce. Opisano i poddano analizie różnego typu infrastrukturę transportową Polski oraz przedstawiono zachodzące w niej na przestrzeni 30 lat zmiany. Opisano również wpływ unijnych środków na zmiany zachodzące w infrastrukturze transportowej na terenie Polski.

4

Prediction origin-destination matrix of freight travel demand in Baghdad city

Asmael Noor Moutaz, Wazer Zainab A.

Transport Problems

|

2022

|

T. 17, z. 3

187--196

EN

Efficient freight transportation systems typically reduce the cost of moving goods to and from logistics facilities. The demand matrix (O-D) is used to load or allocate the flow of traffic on a network, usually defined as a matrix that detects the number of trips. The objective of this study is to contribute to road freight modeling in Baghdad in general and estimate the O-D matrix for truck traffic using the freight transport data collected. Freight data was collected through roadside and interview surveys at the seven entrances of Baghdad city. In addition, the analysis was performed using Trans CAD ver. 4.5 software. The results provide an analysis of the freight travel demand. The output of this study is useful for decision-makers in the evaluation and execution of freight transportation activities and aids the application of correct decisions.

5

Identification of factors related to transport entrepreneurship influencing the economic development of Ukraine

Riepina Inna, Ligonenko Larysa, Sadovnyk Oleksandr, Dzyubenko Lyubov, Kovtun Vita

Transport Problems

|

2022

|

T. 17, z. 4

151--163

EN

The integration of Ukraine’s economy into the European space requires the dynamic and balanced development of all its sectors, especially the transport sector. The purpose of the research is to identify the factors related to transport entrepreneurship that affect the economic development of Ukraine, in particular regarding the formation of added value (gross regional product). The paper presents the author’s definition of transport entrepreneurship as an independent, systematic, and risky entrepreneurial activity in providing transport services. The results revealed a negative trend in the formation of the added value of the transport enterprises of Ukraine, both in terms of value and as a percentage of GDP. This prompted the authors to determine the factors affecting the formation of gross added value (gross regional product) by transport enterprises of Ukraine to further develop proposals aimed at their activation. Four models were created in the first stage of the research to achieve the goal. These models are based on gross regional product in transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities; gross regional product in transport, warehousing, and postal and courier activities per capita; gross value added in transport, warehousing, and postal and courier activities; and gross value added in transport, warehousing, and postal and courier activities per capita. In the second stage of the research, the fifth model with the highest correlation coefficients was built, which made it possible to identify the factors of negative and positive influence on the formation of gross added value (gross regional product) by transport enterprises in Ukraine. Based on the results, a number of measures are proposed to stimulate factors of positive influence and neutralize negative influence. The proposed tools for identifying the factors related to transport entrepreneurship that affect the economic development of Ukraine can serve as markers for the formation of the country’s post-war strategy in the field of transport entrepreneurship.

6

Statistical analysis of road freight transport in Catalonia

Boldizsar Adrienn

Production Engineering Archives

|

2022

|

Vol. 28, Iss. 1

40--49

EN

This article describes the links between economic level, investment in Research & development (R&D), and Catalan freight transport between 2006 and 2016. Catalonia is the second most populous area in Spain, northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, whose economy ranks second among the Autonomous Communities, surpassed only by the Community of Madrid, to speak of a significant economic and social region. The study sought to answer the question of what economic contexts exist in the region regarding freight transport. To do all this, it uses mathematical-statistical tools to explore the relationships between real data sets, which were calculated using seven indicators. The analyses suggest a positive increase in the volume of imports and exports of goods in the region. The same is true for GDP per capita. It came as a surprise that virtually no positive correlations existed between R&D and any other indicators. In analysing the indicators, we found that the current economy was pushed back by the 2008 world economic change, similarly to international trends. At the same time, there has been rapid growth since 2010, especially in exports. This also means that Spain, particularly the Catalan region, has serious trade relations, which affect the region’s economic development and the freight transport industry.

7

Technical, legal, and business conditionings of the functioning of rail operators in the freight transport market

Krześniak Mirosław, Jacyna Marianna, Wasiak Mariusz, Lasota Michał, Wawryszczuk Róża

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

|

2022

|

z. 135

101--114

EN

In the article, the authors presented the technical, technological, legal, and business conditions of the functioning of rail freight transport in the international transport market. The authors analyzed the literature, considering this area's most important national and international normative documents. An essential element of the considerations is the presented schematic concepts of models for various forms of rail freight transport. The main ways of organizing freight transport at the eastern border were also indicated. The reasons for barriers that negatively affect the competitiveness of rail transport with other modes of transportation, especially in international transport, were shown. The rail transport market has undergone many changes recently, including investments in railway infrastructure, the growing importance of intermodal transport, and support for a more sustainable transport system. The article indicates the reasons for the occurrence of barriers that negatively affect the possibilities of further development of railways and the competitiveness of rail transport with other modes of transportation, especially in international transport.

8

The use of the risk matrix method for assessing the risk of implementing rail freight services

Szaciłło Lucyna, Krześniak Mirosław, Jasiński Dobromir, Valis David

Archives of Transport

|

2022

|

Vol. 64, iss. 4

89--106

EN

The article presents a proposal for the use of a risk matrix for assessing the safety of the implementation of rail freight transport. The starting point for considerations related to risk assessment is the conditions arising from the business need and the obligation of entities operating in the railway market to ensure the safety of the implementation of freight tasks. The authors presented selected literature within the framework of the issues discussed. The layers of risk assessment, which include the analytical layer, the decision layer and the elimination layer, indicate the possibility of considering the problem of risk assessment from different perspectives. The identification of direct causes and consequences of undesirable events during the implementation of rail freight transport was also made. The article describes one of the methods of risk management which is the risk matrix. The authors stressed that the construction of a risk matrix should be preceded by an analysis of the factors that affect the safety of rail transportation. This is possible by determining their probability of occurrence and setting values for the consequences of adverse events. The article divides the assignment of levels of adverse events to a five-level risk matrix (slight, low, medium, high, very high). Also presented is a case study considering the risk assessment of rail freight transport in Poland using the risk matrix method for railway accidents in the area of railway lines. Thanks to the development of the risk matrix, a risk management strategy can be used. The last part of the article is a summary, which highlights the possibility of applying the presented approach to risk assessment among entities operating in the rail transport market.

9

Analysis of the volume of passengers and cargo in rail and road transport in Poland in 2009-2019

Macioszek Elżbieta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2021

|

z. 113

133--143

EN

Transport plays an important role in the economy of any country. Efficient and developed transport infrastructure of various modes of transport significantly affects the availability of transport services, and consequently, the well-being of citizens. This article presents an analysis of the volume of passengers and cargo transport using rail and road transport in Poland in 2009-2019. These analyses were carried out based on data obtained from the Central Statistical Office. All data concerns Polish entities that provide services in the field of passenger and freight transport in Poland and focuses on such information as the volume of passengers and cargo by individual means of transport, broken down into domestic and international transport. Further, the presented analyses concern the length of the available rail and road routes, tracks, the size of the rolling stock as well as the groups of transported loads.

10

Comparison of selected railway lines in Poland using the analytical hierarchy process method

Kamiński Wojciech

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2020

|

z. 108

73--84

EN

The volume of passenger and freight transport on a given railway line depends on many socio-economic factors. Therefore, before starting an investment on a railway line, various analyses are carried out regarding the choice of the line and the scope of works. This article presents the calculation of weights determining the impact of specific socio-economic factors on the volume of rail passenger and freight transport using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Thereafter, a comparison was made of 12 railway lines located in various regions of Poland in terms of their use in both passenger and freight transport. Half of the analysed railway lines are main lines, while the other part are local lines. The comparison made it possible to arrange the selected lines regardless of their category.

11

Determination of the influence of infrastructural and economic factors on the volume of freight transport on railway lines in Poland

Kamiński Wojciech

Transport Problems

|

2020

|

T. 15, z. 4, cz. 2

167--178

EN

This article assesses the effect of factors, such as the number of sidings, the number of station holds, and the occurrence of transit traffic on the volume of freight transport on railway lines in Poland. The volume of freight transport on a railway lin as expressed by the operational work done by freight trains running on this line and the transported freight mass by them. Most often the effect of factors affecting on the volume of transport is assessed by a team of experts. In this analysis, calculations of partial correlation coefficients were performed. The calculations showed that there is a clear relationship between the volume of freight transport and the number of sidings on the line and the occurrence of transit traffic. Based on the obtained partial correlation coefficients, weights corresponding to the effects of individual factors on the volume of freight transport were calculated. The use of these weights for further analysis will avoid the subjective expert assessments that have been used in this type of analysis so far.

12

The influence of logistics innovations on management of freight-transportation processes

Ziyadin Sayabek, Sousa Rui Dinis, Malayev Khakimzhan, Yergobek Dimash, Nurlanova Assel

Polish Journal of Management Studies

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, No. 1

432--446

EN

Time is one of the main factors, and it affects the decision of costumers while choosing a particular transportation company. Every stage of logistics processes takes a particular period. That is why almost every firm thinks about the ways of decreasing the time wastes in order to maximize the profit of business. The objective of this research is to explore how different logistics innovations can affect freight transportation processes and save operational time. To achieve this goal and explore the topic more deeply, a list of articles published in worldwide databases related to this domain was analyzed and interpreted. The survey on freight transportation was used to get a better knowledge of today’s situation of freight systems. Based on the result of this article, it is suggested that new ideas for the management of companies in this sphere are suggested. The findings of this research can help Kazakhstan’s logistics companies to develop better strategies and to adopt innovative logistics technologies into freight transportation. They can make them become innovation-based logistics service providers.

PL

Czas jest jednym z głównych czynników i wpływa na decyzję klientów przy wyborze konkretnej firmy transportowej. Każdy etap procesów logistycznych zajmuje określony okres. Właśnie dlatego prawie każda firma myśli o sposobach zmniejszenia marnotrawstwa czasu w celu maksymalizacji zysku firmy. Celem tych badań jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób różne innowacje logistyczne mogą wpłynąć na procesy transportu towarów i zaoszczędzić czas operacyjny. Aby osiągnąć ten cel i głębiej zgłębić ten temat, przeanalizowano i zinterpretowano listę artykułów opublikowanych w światowych bazach danych związanych z tą domeną. Ankieta dotycząca transportu towarowego została wykorzystana, aby uzyskać lepszą wiedzę na temat dzisiejszej sytuacji systemów towarowych. Na podstawie wyników tego artykułu sugeruje się nowe pomysły dotyczące zarządzania przedsiębiorstwami w tej dziedzinie. Wyniki tych badań mogą pomóc Kazachstanom w logistyce w opracowaniu lepszych strategii i zastosowaniu innowacyjnych technologii logistycznych w transporcie towarów. Mogą sprawić, że staną się dostawcami usług logistycznych opartych na innowacjach.

13

Rozbudowa korytarzy logistycznych jako rozwój transportu w Europie

Kępa Paulina, Dereń Klaudia

Journal of TransLogistics

|

2020

|

Vol. 6, nr 1

57--66

PL

Tematem artykułu jest rozbudowa sieci korytarzy logistycznych w Europie. Zostały w nim przedstawione obecne i prognozowane problemy dalekobieżnego transportu towarowego oraz szanse rozwoju transportu w Europie poprzez wyznaczenie nowych korytarzy logistycznych wraz z innowacyjną infrastrukturą, dającą możliwość wykorzystania pojazdów alternatywnych oraz transportu multimodalnego. Druga część artykułu skupiona jest na udziale Polski w powyższych rozwiązaniach oraz na wpływie nowych korytarzy logistycznych na gospodarkę naszego kraju.

EN

The topic of the article is the expansion of the network of logistic corridors in Europe. It presents the current and projected problems of long-distance freight transport and the opportunities for the development of transport in Europe through the designation of new logistic corridors with innovative infrastructure, giving the opportunity to use alternative vehicles and multimodal transport. The further part of the article focuses on Poland's participation in the above solutions and on the impact of new logistic corridors on our country's economy.

14

Analysis of problems and solutions for urban freight transport in Brazilian cities

de Oliveira Leise Kelli, de Oliveira Leite Nascimento Carla, Tavares Muzzi Sousa Luísa, Costa e Silva Thaiza Gabrielle, Goes Pinto Paulo Henrique, Moura Pereira Renata, Pugas Farias Lais, Magalhães Oliveira Renata Lúcia, Ferreira Suellem C., Rodrigues de Jesus Mylena Cristine, Alves Martins de Souza Lara

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

|

2020

|

nr 7

37--44

EN

This paper analyzes problems and solutions of urban freight transport in six cities of different sizes and economic profile in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data were collected in commercial establishments and analyzed through descriptive statistics and using the method of successive intervals. The results obtained reflect the retailers' point of view and indicate that the problems and solutions are different in each city considered in this paper. The availability of unloading zones is the main problem in Betim, Belo Horizonte, Contagem and Itabira. The off-peak delivery is viewed as a solution in Divinópolis, Betim and Itabira. Therefore, with no possibility to determine a single remedy as a broad national solution to urban freight transport, it is instead necessary to investigate the realities of each city so that the policymakers could implement local solutions that reduce the externalities of urban freight transport.

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano problemy miejskiego transportu towarowego i związane z tym rozwiązania stosowane w sześciu brazylijskich miastach różnej wielkości i o różnym profilu ekonomicznym, zlokalizowanych w stanie Minas Gerais. Dane do badań zbierano w placówkach handlowych i analizowano za pomocą statystyk opisowych oraz metodą kolejnych interwałów. Uzyskane wyniki odzwierciedlają punkt widzenia detalistów i wskazują, że problemy poszczególnych miast nie są jednakowe, podobnie jak potencjalne rozwiązania. Dostępność stref rozładunku jest głównym problemem w miastach Betim, Belo Horizonte, Contagem i Itabira. Natomiast dostawy poza godzinami szczytu są postrzegane jako rozwiązanie w Divinópolis, Betim i Itabira. Nie ma możliwości określenia jednego środka zaradczego jako szerokiego krajowego rozwiązania dla miejskiego transportu towarowego. Zamiast tego konieczne jest zbadanie realiów każdego miasta, aby decydenci mogli wdrożyć lokalne rozwiązania, które złagodzą efekty zewnętrzne miejskiego transportu towarowego.

15

Input/output models for freight transport demand: a macro approach to traffic analysis for a freight corridor

Pompigna Andrea, Mauro Raffaele

Archives of Transport

|

2020

|

Vol. 54, iss. 2

21--42

EN

Input Output model are of great interest in the transport sector, especially regarding freight transport demand. These models allow to analyze the cross effects of: political, macroeconomic and transport changes; industrial dynamics; exchange flows between different sites within a reference area, more or less divided into subareas. Although very interesting and desirable to be used and disseminated, their use is often hindered by the complexity of the modelling structures that need to describe the interactions with the transport systems and by the difficulty of finding complete and reliable data. In this context, this paper deals with a macro-level Input Output approach for freight demand analysis, which directly relates the quantities of goods transported along a multimodal corridor to the functioning of the economic system. The proposed model is structured on two levels: the first level allows the sectoral production forecasts of the entire economic system based on the exogenous final demand; the second allows the forecast of tons transported, annually and by sector, along the corridor based on the sectoral production estimated at the first level. The two modelling levels are applied to the analysis and forecast of freight traffic demand along the Italian-Austrian cross-border stretch of the Brenner corridor, a fundamental axis of the European transport infrastructure network. The model has been verified and validated on data covering 15 years between 2000 and 2014 using the reclassified time series of Input Output tables and the international trade data for Italy. The model has been used to produce medium-long term forecasts for different economic scenarios. The macro-level point of view and the application for the corridor provide a simple and directly applicable model compared to the complex articulations that characterize the Input Output applications to the transport systems, which can hinder their concrete use as decision support in the planning of transport infrastructures.

16

Research on relationship between freight transport and transport infrastructure in selected European countries

Gnap Jozef, Varjan Pavol, Durana Pavol, Kostrzewski Mariusz

Transport Problems

|

2019

|

T. 14, z. 3

63--74

EN

The article deals with research on the relationship between the performance of road and rail freight transport and transport infrastructure in EU countries. The authors of the article examined the relationship between transport performance and transport infrastructure by correlation and regression analyses. Verification of the statistical significance of the regression model was also performed. The main objective of the contribution is to find out what are the relationships and influences between transport infrastructure and development of transport performance. Research has shown that the strength of the relationship between transport infrastructure and transport performance is different for states. There are strong dependencies as well as strong independent relationships between the transport infrastructure and transport performance.

17

Analiza transportu produktów chemicznych w Unii Europejskiej

Pecyna Anna, Zbigniew Krzysiak, Caban Jacek, Samociuk Waldemar, Brumerčíková Eva, Bukova Bibiana, Buczaj Agnieszka

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2019

|

T. 98, nr 8

1330--1334

PL

Przedstawiono analizę bezpieczeństwa oraz wielkość międzynarodowego transportu towarowego produktów chemicznych w Unii Europejskiej (UE) w odniesieniu do poszczególnych rodzajów transportu. Skupiono się na porównaniu infrastruktury transportowej, ilości i rodzaju przewożonych towarów w międzynarodowym transporcie towarowym. Omówiono środki umożliwiające poprawę bezpieczeństwa w zakresie transportu produktów chemicznych na terenie UE.

EN

A review, with 35 refs., of shares of various transport types (by rail, road, water and air) used to transfer the chem. materials. Environmental risk associated with the use of the transport types was assessed.

18

Jak kształtuje się przyszłość żeglugi śródlądowej w Polsce? Perspektywy rozwoju żeglugi śródlądowej

Adamiak Dominika, Baczyńska Paulina

Journal of TransLogistics

|

2019

|

Vol. 5, nr 1

53--68

PL

Referat obrazuje sposób kształtowania się stanu transportu wodnego śródlądowego w Polsce, a także charakterystykę obecnej sytuacji żeglugi śródlądowej. W referacie ujęto przyczyny wystąpienia utrudnień w rozwoju. W tekście ujęto również perspektywy rozbudowy oraz modernizacji szlaków wodnych z uwzględnieniem pozytywnych i negatywnych aspektów planowanych działań. Celem referatu jest przedstawienie kierunków, w których według Ministerstwa Gospodarki Wodnej i Żeglugi Śródlądowej będzie rozwijać się polska żegluga śródlądowa na przestrzeni najbliższych jedenastu lat. W referacie podane zostały przykłady zadań inwestycyjnych oraz udogodnień dla armatorów, które muszą zostać zrealizowane, by ta gałąź transportu mogła rozwijać się zgodnie z obraną koncepcją. Dodatkowo pokazano potencjalne źródła i mechanizmy finansowania planowanych inwestycji.

EN

The lecture shows how the situation of inland waterway transport in Poland is shaped as well as the characteristics of the current situation of inland navigation. The lecture shows also the reasons for development difficulties and proscpects for the extension and modernization of waterways regarding the positive and negative aspects of planned actions. The aim of the lecture is to present the directions in which, according to the Ministry of Water Management and Inland Navigation, Polish inland navigation will develop over the next eleven years. The examples of investment tasks and facilities for shipowners that must be carried out in order for this branch of transport to develop due to the the chosen concept are also given. In addition, potencial sources and financing mechanisms for planned investments are shown as well.

19

A study framework for assessing the performance of the urban freight transport based on PLS approach

Moufad Imane, Jawab Fouad

Archives of Transport

|

2019

|

Vol. 49, iss. 1

69--85

EN

The urban freight transport (UFT) is an important component of the urban logistics. It represents a driving force for the economic dynamics and attractiveness of a city. It can be treated as all movements of goods necessary for the economic activities, the institutions and the residents of urban life. Through, it faces with problems relating to the congestion, unsafety, atmospheric and noise pollution that constrain its performance and hinder its development. This performance is a complex subject on which a great deal of research has emerged in the last decade. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop a model for assessing the performance of the UFT. The objective is to identify the determinants of the performance of the urban freight transport and measure the impact of each factor. Therefore the first part of this article concerns the elaboration of the model and the formulation of the hypotheses. First, an overview of the factors that could influence the performance of the UFT was identified based on a literature review. The result of this step allowed to model, by mobilizing the GRAI grid (Graph of results and interrelated activities), the UFT system in order to release the decisional links between these factors. Then, the grid will be decomposed into hypotheses explaining the relations between the factors and the performance of the UFT. The formulation of each hypothesis will be based on all the theoretical works that have treated it. The second part includes the empirical study to test the model using the partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Therefore, we conducted a survey among managers and users of the UFT in the city of Fez. A hypothetico-deductive approach has been used with a sequential methodological complementarity between qualitative analysis for exploratory purposes and the support of quantitative analysis for confirmation. The results of the test, confirm a significant influence of the identified factors on the UFT performance. The practical scope of this paper is to provide a decision-making framework for urban management department explaining the impact of these factors on the UFT performance.

20

Połączenia kolejowe pomiędzy Polską i Obwodem Królewieckim

Maciążek F.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

|

2018

|

R. 25, nr 1-2

28--40

PL

Komunikacja kolejowa pomiędzy Polską i Obwodem Królewieckim funkcjonuje obecnie tylko nieznacznie lepiej niż przed 1989 r. Połączeń pasażerskich brakuje, a szanse na ich uruchomienie są dość mgliste. Jednak całkiem poprawnie rozwija się wymiana handlowa, w tym import surowców energetycznych z Rosji, głównie węgla kamiennego, gazu propan-butan czy nawozów sztucznych. Ze względu na specyfikę transportu towarów masowych, a także dość długą trasę, jaką przemierzają te ładunki do granicy z Polską (węgiel jest wydobywany m.in. w kopalniach położonych we wschodniej Syberii), ich transport koleją wydaje się niezagrożony. Około 79% importu rosyjskiego do Polski odbywało się za pośrednictwem transportu kolejowego (według masy przewożonych ładunków) i tylko 4% z użyciem transportu samochodowego. Natomiast w strukturze eksportu Polski do Rosji podobne wskaźniki są odwrócone – koleją przewożonych jest tylko 21% ładunków i aż 72% transportem samochodowym (GUS, 2003 r.).

EN

The rail communication between Poland and the Kaliningrad Region could de described as the standard one. Although the passenger communication does not work and the chances for reactivation of it is rather impossible, but trade exchange is quite well developed including imports of energy resources from Russia (coal, propane-butane gas, etc.). The present-day rail infrastructure is old transshipment points at the border built for the army before 1989 and adapted for civil use in the new reality of the free market in Po land. The problem that has not been solved for years is the launch of passenger communication between cities in Poland: Gdańsk, Olsztyn or Białystok and the cities like Kaliningrad and Chernyachovsk. In last period (20-25 years), the Polish-Kaliningrad communication has been improved in comparison to the one in the period before 1989 (then civil border crossings did not exist), but a lot of work should be done to achieve a satisfactory level