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1

Development and financing of infrastructure investments to shape sustainable and resilient mobility

Motowidlak Urszula, Motowidlak Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

349--370

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study is to identify the essential attributes that determine the development of a sustainable, innovative and resistant to disruption transport infrastructure and to answer two research questions: How to shape models for the development of sustainable and innovative transport infrastructure, while maintaining the logistic continuity of mobility and transport systems? and What actions should organizations take in the conditions of permanent change in order to maintain operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness of implemented investments, not only thinking about the possible return of the pandemic, but also about increasingly difficult access to resources, climate change and social needs? Design/methodology/approach: The research methods and techniques used included, among others: content analysis, cause and effect analysis, selected methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, which were used to present and discuss the results of the study. Findings: Searching for methods of operationalization of the implementation of the assumptions of the new development paradigm, a conceptual framework for the model of sustainable development of transport infrastructure was developed. EU programs and instruments supporting the financing of activities in the field of development of sustainable, innovative and resilient transport infrastructure were reviewed. Attributes were indicated so that the development would strive for the simultaneous implementation of economic, social and environmental goals. Research limitations/implications: The study did not measure the sustainability of infrastructure investments in transport. The precondition for successfully performing such a task is the availability of an accurate data set and the selection of appropriate measurement indicators. This has implications for future research. Practical implications: One of the key challenges in cities is making decisions about investments in the development of economically effective, environmentally safe and socially important transport infrastructure. Hence, the development of algorithmic approaches that allow the use of the proposed qualitative model may contribute to improving the efficiency in making investment decisions.Originality/value: The originality of the conducted research was achieved through its measurable character. The proposed model can contribute to the improvement of decision-making tools in the field of allocation of public and other funds for investments, so that they contribute to the sustainability of mobility systems.

2

Identifying the current status of land transport infrastructure in Vietnam to support cross-border flows in southeast Asia (phase 1 conclusions)

Doński-Lesiuk Jakub

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 3

151--162

EN

This article presents selected aspects of the existing land infrastructure system in Vietnam that are important for cross-border transport. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the first phase of the study, which includes the analysis of the condition of the logistics infrastructure that supports the processes of international trade in goods. This phase includes the identification and initial assessment of the usefulness of the components of the logistics system in terms of its functionality and economic efficiency. The results define the scope of work necessary for the proper preparation of the logistics system in Vietnam for the needs related to ensuring the desirable efficiency of logistics corridors connecting Vietnam with China and neighboring regional markets of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

3

The place and role of freight transport in the Polish economy against the background of the European Union

Menes Maciej

Transport Samochodowy

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2022

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z. 2

10--16

EN

The article synthetically characterizes the Polish freight transport sector compared to its counterpart in the European Union. The article presents the changes during the years 1990-2019 taking place in the number of various types of transport means used, belonging to Poland and 27 European Union countries. The volume and structure of the freight transport performance of Poland and the European Union as well as the changes taking place in them over the last 30 years were also characterised. The reasons for changes in the structure of freight transport performance in Poland were analysed. Various types of transport infrastructure in Poland were described and analysed, and the changes taking place in it were presented. The impact of EU funds on changes in the transport infrastructure of Poland was also described.

PL

Artykuł syntetycznie charakteryzuje sektor polskiego transportu towarowego na tle jego odpowiednika w Unii Europejskiej. Artykuł przedstawia zmiany w latach 1990-2019 zachodzące w ilości eksploatowanych różnego rodzaju środków transportu należących do Polski oraz 27 krajów Unii Europejskiej. Scharakteryzowano również wielkość i strukturę pracy przewozowej transportu towarowego Polski i Unii Europejskiej oraz zachodzące w nich na przestrzeni ostatnich 30 lat zmiany. Przeanalizowano powody zmian w strukturze pracy przewozowej transportu towarowego w Polsce. Opisano i poddano analizie różnego typu infrastrukturę transportową Polski oraz przedstawiono zachodzące w niej na przestrzeni 30 lat zmiany. Opisano również wpływ unijnych środków na zmiany zachodzące w infrastrukturze transportowej na terenie Polski.

4

Identification of factors related to transport entrepreneurship influencing the economic development of Ukraine

Riepina Inna, Ligonenko Larysa, Sadovnyk Oleksandr, Dzyubenko Lyubov, Kovtun Vita

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 4

151--163

EN

The integration of Ukraine’s economy into the European space requires the dynamic and balanced development of all its sectors, especially the transport sector. The purpose of the research is to identify the factors related to transport entrepreneurship that affect the economic development of Ukraine, in particular regarding the formation of added value (gross regional product). The paper presents the author’s definition of transport entrepreneurship as an independent, systematic, and risky entrepreneurial activity in providing transport services. The results revealed a negative trend in the formation of the added value of the transport enterprises of Ukraine, both in terms of value and as a percentage of GDP. This prompted the authors to determine the factors affecting the formation of gross added value (gross regional product) by transport enterprises of Ukraine to further develop proposals aimed at their activation. Four models were created in the first stage of the research to achieve the goal. These models are based on gross regional product in transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities; gross regional product in transport, warehousing, and postal and courier activities per capita; gross value added in transport, warehousing, and postal and courier activities; and gross value added in transport, warehousing, and postal and courier activities per capita. In the second stage of the research, the fifth model with the highest correlation coefficients was built, which made it possible to identify the factors of negative and positive influence on the formation of gross added value (gross regional product) by transport enterprises in Ukraine. Based on the results, a number of measures are proposed to stimulate factors of positive influence and neutralize negative influence. The proposed tools for identifying the factors related to transport entrepreneurship that affect the economic development of Ukraine can serve as markers for the formation of the country’s post-war strategy in the field of transport entrepreneurship.

5

Interference between land and sea logistics systems. Multifunctional building system design towards autonomous integrated transport infrastructure

Gerigk M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

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Vol. 16 No. 3

439--446

EN

The research is focused on developing design theory towards efficient multifunctional facilities for logistics supply chains in the contemporary urban city structures. The development of modern systems based on autonomous transport creates new conditions for their management and generates an emerging need to define dedicated functional service structures. An important element of consideration also taken into account is the scenario for large-size unmanned facilities operation in the multifunctional port facility and its connections to power supply from renewable energy sources. Despite the high degree of complexity, modern transport solutions should be focused on optimizing the distribution time and trans-shipment time within the intermodal supply chain as well as provide ecological logistic solutions. Due to the large number of system components, the study presents a simplified database structure allowing for a comprehensive technological overview within the entire system.

6

Podnoszenie konkurencyjności transportu kolejowego w Polsce poprzez rewitalizację stacji i bocznic kolejowych

Lesiak Paweł

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2022

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R. 77, nr 6

6--12

PL

Przedmiotem opracowania jest przedstawienie negatywnego wpływu degradacji i niedorozwoju infrastruktury punktowej na funkcjonowanie systemu transportu towarowego w Polsce. Autor dowodzi, że rewitalizacja stacji i bocznic kolejowych może przyczynić się do podniesienia konkurencyjności transportu kolejowego, zwłaszcza w obszarze konkurowania z przewoźnikami samochodowymi o zlecenia transportowe w ramach przewozów rozproszonych, a także zabezpieczyć system transportowy w naszym kraju przed skutkami nasilającej się kongestii w transporcie drogowym. Niestety w III RP liczba bocznic kolejowych systematycznie spada, a problemy transportu towarów koleją pogłębiane są przez optymalizację infrastruktury kolejowej pod kątem szybkich pociągów pasażerskich. W planach remontów i rozbudowy sieci kolejowej bardziej uwzględnia się bowiem potrzeby ruchu pasażerskiego niż towarowego, co przejawia się chociażby w likwidowaniu tzw. mijanek.

EN

The main subject of the study is to present the negative impact of the degradation and underdevelopment of point infrastructure on the functioning of the freight transport system in Poland. The author proves that the revitalization of railway stations and sidings can contribute to increasing the competitiveness of rail transport, especially in the area of competing with road freight carriers for transport orders as part of dispersed transport, as well as securing the transport system in Poland against the effects of increasing congestion in road transport. Unfortunately, in the Third Republic of Poland, the number of railway sidings has been systematically decreasing, and the problems of transporting goods by rail are exacerbated by the optimization of railway infrastructure in terms of fast passenger trains. The plans for renovation and expansion of the railway network take into account the needs of passenger traffic rather than freight, which is manifested, for example, in the elimination of the so-called train passing loops.

7

Transport and transport infrastructure of Ukraine in the pre-war period (2010-2021)

Radchenko Oleksandr, Kuczabski Aleksander, Boychuk Alina, Klimovych Serhiy

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

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2022

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nr 25(2)

7--17

EN

The article researches the development state of transport and transport infrastructure in Ukraine over last years. The research findings specify the topicality of the issue solution concerning the enhancement of transport and transport infrastructure in the conditions of structural, energy and financial crises, as well as considering a destructive influence of COVID-19 pandemic, occupation of Crimea, an anti-terrorist operation in East of Ukraine and a full-scale intervention of the Russian Federation started on February 24, 2022. Such methods of improving transport and transport infrastructure development in Ukraine have been offered under the research findings: the increase of public administration level with regard to all aspects of transport infrastructure; the use of proactive management; activation of searches and implementation of investment projects; introduction of an institute of public- private partnership on transport; partial and temporary decrease of tax burden; the development of complex solutions for transport services consumers under the infrastructure areas; optimization of transport pricing, etc.

8

Działania adaptacyjne do zmian klimatu w miastach polskich - planowanie i realizacja

Pancewicz Alina, Anczykowska Wiktoria, Dąbrowska Zuzanna, Żak Natalia

Builder

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2022

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R.26, nr 12

33--35

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu są działania adaptacyjne do zmian klimatu podejmowane w miastach polskich w kontekście zrównoważonego gospodarowania zasobami wodnymi, terenami zieleni, infrastruktury komunikacyjnej, zrównoważonego zabudowywania miasta oraz miejskiej akupunktury. Celem badań jest identyfikacja działań adaptacyjnych w przestrzeniach miejskich, planowanych i wdrażanych od 2017 roku, oraz konfrontacja planów ze stopniem ich realizacji w wybranych zakresach przestrzennych. Badania zostały ograniczone do 44 miast polskich posiadających Miejskie Plany Adaptacji.

EN

The subject of the paper is climate change adaptation activities undertaken in Polish cities in the context of sustainable management of water resources, green areas, communication infrastructure, sustainable urban development and urban acupuncture. The aim of the research is to identify adaptation activities in urban spaces, planned and implemented since 2017, and to confront the plans with the degree of their implementation in selected spatial scopes. The research was limited to 44 Polish cities with Urban Adaptation Plans.

9

Conceptual principles of geospatial data geoinformation integration for administrative and economic management of transport infrastructure facilities

Boyko Olena, Prusov Dmitry, Chetverikov Borys, Malanchuk Maria

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2022

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Vol. 71, no. 1

art. no. e12, 2022

EN

In the article publications have been analyzed and summarized on this topic: studied the experience of implementing building information models and geographic information models for administrative and economic management of transport infrastructure facilities on the example of the regional airport activity. After the stage of collecting geospatial data from various sources and sensors, the data is imported into CAD-systems or GIS-systems. Different software products are used to work with both of these models. The processes of data organization in the process of creating building information models and geographic information models differ to some extent. The issues of integration of such models are not yet fully addressed and need to be addressed. In the process of integration of spatial data, solutions to the integration of semantics, topology, formats and standards of geospatial data are needed. An important task is to develop and study the experience of creating software modules that allow you to integrate BIM-models into geographic information systems. Based on the research, it is established that the current area of research is the development of technologies that allow the generation of information from BIM and GIS to create a more interconnected infrastructure. The integration of BIM and GIS information to create a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a perspective direction.

10

Improving urban development methods for the development of an urban transport system

Nikiforov Oleg, Yarovikov Oleg, Safronov Eduard, Safronov Kirill, Mochalin Sergey

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 3

141--152

EN

The problems of modern urban planning are described and ways to solve these are discussed. Cities of the Russian Federation have low indicators of transport and planning efficiency; the general plan theory of the city does not answer many questions on the development of the urban environment. There are no requirements for the efficient use of urban areas and the formation of a city plan. An integrated approach is considered to improve the productivity of transport infrastructure to the modern level of motorization, develop measures to improve road safety, and also enable the prioritized development of environmentally friendly, economical, and high-speed types of public passenger transport. In this respect, the problems of improving the theory and practice of urban planning are highlighted in a new light. During the period of preparation of this article for publication, a new master plan for the development of the city of Omsk was approved, which included these proposals. The construction of the longest embankment in Eurasia began; a decision was made to use tunnels and stations of the unfinished metro for the development of tram routes.

11

Assessing the impact of transport and logistics on economic growth in emerging economies: a case study for the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Raimbekov Zhanarys, Syzdykbayeva Bakyt

Transport Problems

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2021

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T. 16, z. 2

199--211

EN

This article examines the link between logistics indicators and economic growth in Kazakhstan in the period 1995-2019. Factors and the causal relationship between the indicators of transport development and economic growth, using the models of total production, demand and vector error correction, are studied. The analysis established specifics of the relationship between indicators of various types of transport and economic growth and their mutual influence, both in terms of directions and the nature of the relationship. A bi-directional cause-and-effect relationship between railway transport infrastructure and economic growth has been identified according to the Granger test. It was found that in a small economy, road and sea transport in the long term will lead to a higher rate of economic growth, and vice versa, economic growth encourages the development of pipeline transport and this in turn, in a one-way direction, stimulates the development of all other types of transport. It was revealed that economic growth in Kazakhstan leads to an increase in demand for transport and logistics services and their infrastructure to a lesser extent than in countries with large economies. To improve the effectiveness of the economy, a differentiated approach to transport policy is recommended depending on the highlighted long-term relationship between the studied parameters. Our research indicates that conditions for road and sea transport in Kazakhstan should be improved to stimulate economic growth. The results of the study can be used as recommendations for developing a long-term transport policy.

12

Rola infrastruktury transportu jako jednego z czynników rozwoju regionalnego

Majewski Jakub

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

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2021

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nr 24(3)

7--18

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja miejsca infrastruktury transportowej w programowaniu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego oraz analiza charakteru i roli tego czynnika w wybranych teoriach rozwoju regionalnego. Pierwsza część pracy opisuje metodę badań oraz wykorzystywane źródła. Część druga zawiera syntetyczny przegląd literatury z zakresu ekonomiki transportu i wskazuje na elementy kluczowe z punktu widzenia rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego oraz, co za tym idzie, zainteresowania władz publicznych. W części trzeciej opisana jest dyskusja tocząca się wokół oczekiwanej roli inwestycji infrastrukturalnych oraz ich miejsca w wybranych koncepcjach rozwoju regionalnego. Koncentruje się ona wokół dylematu „wyprzedzającego”, bądź „wtórnego” modelu rozbudowy infrastruktury, a także roli tego zagadnienia na tle innych czynników rozwoju regionalnego. Całość zamyka podsumowanie, które zawiera wnioski na temat roli sfery transportu we wspieraniu rozwoju regionów oraz konkluzję, zgodnie z którą infrastruktura transportu stanowi element niezbędny do kreowania dostępności i równolegle wewnętrznego potencjału regionów.

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the place of transport infrastructure in socio-economic development programming and to analyse the nature and role of this factor in selected theories of regional development. The first part of the paper describes the research method and sources used. The second part contains a synthetic review of the literature on transport economics and indicates the key elements from the point of view of socio-economic development and, consequently, the interest of public authorities. The third part describes the discussion on the expected role of infrastructure investments and their place in selected concepts of regional development. It focuses on the dilemma of the “anticipatory” or “secondary” model of infrastructure development and the role of this issue against the background of other regional development factors. The book closes with a conclusion on the role of the transport sphere in supporting regional development and the conclusion that transport infrastructure is an indispensable element in creating accessibility and, in parallel, the internal potential of regions.

13

Comparative analysis of the impact of road infrastructure development on road safety – a case study

Trojanowski Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2020

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nr 63 (135)

23--28

EN

The constant development of transport systems and the extensive activities related to the safety of its users necessitate the development of methods for assessing the impact of road infrastructure expansion/modernization on road safety. The objective of this paper is to elaborate the concept of such an assessment, which will form part of the author’s activities aimed at creating a methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the operational reliability of transport systems. The concept of assessing the impact of road infrastructure development on road safety presented in this paper refers to the GAMAB and Road Safety Impact Assessment methods from the subject literature. Our method is based on a comparative analysis of the condition of road infrastructure before and following its expansion/modernization, based on commonly available data, which constitutes the main advantage of the concept presented in this paper. Furthermore, the coefficients for occurrence of adverse road events were determined, and then conclusions drawn on this basis. The acquired results constitute an argument for the correctness of the presented concept.

14

Analiza wpływu COVID-19 na logistykę i kierunki rozwoju polskiej branży kolejowej

Aloshynskyi Yevhen, Gertz Jan

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2020

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R. 27, nr 3-4

14--19

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano problemy globalnej logistyki, spowodowane ograniczeniami (kwarantanną) wynikającymi z epidemii koronawirusa COVID-19. Przedstawiono kierunki rozwiązania globalnych i lokalnych problemów polskiego rynku transportowego i logistycznego. Rozważono możliwości rozszerzenia sfer wpływów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej w ramach programu rozwoju międzynarodowych centrów logistycznych w Polsce, poprzez stopniową integrację infrastruktury kolejowej Polski i Ukrainy. Przeanalizowano geopolityczny oraz infrastrukturalny potencjał sieci kolejowej Ukrainy.

EN

The article analyses global logistics problems caused by quarantine activities related to COVID-19 coronavirus. Vectors were presented to solve global and local problems of the Polish transport and logistics market. The possibilities of expanding the influence sphere of the Visegrad Group under the international logistics centers development program through the gradual integration of the Poland and Ukraine railway infrastructure. The geopolitical and infrastructural potential of Ukraine's railway network was analysed.

15

Inland water transport applicability for sustainable sea port hinterland infrastructure development. Klaipeda Sea-Port case

Malkus Ričardas, Liebuvienė Jūratė, Jokubyniėnė Vida

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 2

25--31

EN

The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of the main factors influencing negatively Klaipeda Sea Port performance and competitiveness as well as their limiting impact on the development of this transport system entity in general. This case study research is proposing some alternative solutions decreasing negative influences of comparatively declining land transport infrastructure connectivity to the Sea Port hinterland. Analysis of hinterland connectivity is based on the extended gate concept, where a series of terminals and related logistical activities are integrated into a functional single entity. The intensity of real road transport flows on the main connecting road intersections has been evaluated using digital tools with input data from the ArcGIS platform. Also, accessibility to other terminals (at the local, regional and global scale) as well as the terminal is linkage to the regional transport system has been taken into account. One of the objectives of this research was to define objectively the state of traffic flow on the highway connecting Klaipeda sea-port to its hinterland because the road infrastructure was not qualitatively improved for a long period, while the average annual seaport turnover is constantly growing by 6% - 9%. Secondly, it was defined how substantially is possible to decrease the load of road traffic in case of reestablishing of an inland waterway connection between practically the same points of the transport route. Using mathematical modeling of traffic flows is proved that, road transport highway connection in/from the Klaipeda Seaport is loaded substantially and requires systemic improvement (building at least additional lanes in both directions, etc.) to promote further growth of Klaipeda sea-port capacities. The option to apply an additional inland waterway connection allows to decrease the road traffic flow up to 9 – 11% with the possible development of this option, what in its’ turn also decrease the negative influence on the environment.

16

Improving seaport competitiveness by creating a connection to the national rail network

Pietrzak Oliwia, Pietrzak Krystian, Wagner Natalia, Montwiłł Andrzej

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 4, cz. 1

149--161

EN

This article discusses the issue of seaport competitiveness. This is one of the most important issues in port studies. Conducting a port competitiveness analysis focuses on comparing components of port competitiveness for selected ports or terminals. First, a comparative analysis of selected seaports was performed in the article, followed by a detailed analysis of selected terminals in indicated ports. The main purpose of the article is to assess the effect of the new investment in the seaport in the town of Police (the construction of the railway connection with the national network) on its competitive position in relation to seaports in the immediate vicinity. To achieve the assumed goal, the following research methods were used: literature review, documentary method, linear weighting method, and variant analysis. The areas covered by the research study are selective seaports in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (Szczecin, Świnoujście, and Police), Poland. Based on the research studies completed so far, it was shown that connecting a seaport with the national rail network may be a significant factor affecting the port’s competitiveness in relation to the ports located in the direct vicinity.

17

Analysis of the possibility of reducing external costs of transport within land-sea transport chains on the example of Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, Poland

Montwiłł Andrzej, Pietrzak Krystian, Pietrzak Oliwia

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 4, cz. 2

179--190

EN

Land-sea transport chains constitute a key part of the Europe’s economy, as a significant part of its trade is carried out using sea transport. Transport, storage, or delivery processes carried out within these chains are characterized by specified economic and technical efficiency, which often does not take into consideration the external costs these processes generate. Therefore, there is a need for further changes in the European land-sea transport chains, the aim of which should be a further reduction of the negative influence of transport on the society and the environment, in accordance with the assumptions adopted under the EU's sustainable development policy. The article examines the land-sea freight transport chains in terms of the EU's sustainable development goals on the example of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (ZV), Poland. The region was selected owing to two key factors. First, the transport chains across the region are typical for many European areas. Second, the region itself has experienced intensive development of the Transport, Shipping and Logistics (TSL) sector and a numer of changes in freight flows for several years. The main goal of the article was to identify the possibility of reducing external costs resulting from the use of combined transport solutions in ZV. Two case studies were analyzed for this purpose. In both of them, the assumed effect was the reduction of external costs of freight transport in ZV. The potential reduction of external costs generated by cargo transport in ZV was estimated on the basis of the European methodology in terms of the amount of external costs generated by individual modes and means of transport. The research showed that the implementation of combined transport in ZV can bring measurable benefits to the region. The analyses also allowed for the identification of technical and organizational activities that are crucial for ZV and make it possible to reduce negative transport effects.

18

Impact of Road Transport on Air Pollution in EU Countries

Ochnio Luiza, Koszela Grzegorz, Rokicki Tomasz

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 2

1058--1073

EN

The main purpose of the work is to show the level of air pollution emitted by road transport and its relationship with economic development and transport infrastructure in European Union countries. The study presents the diversity in emissions of road transport by countries, shows the dynamics of changes in this area, determines the relationships between the level of economic development, equipping with road infrastructure and emissions of air pollution in EU countries. The research period concerned the years 2006-2017. The sources of data was EUROSTAT database. The ranking built by means of multidimensional data analysis tools indicated Portugal and Luxembourg as countries with relatively high emissions of air pollutants (group 3), countries with moderate emissions are Bulgaria, Malta, Cyprus and Sweden (group 2). Analysis of data on the rate of change in emissions and the volume of GDP in EU countries also indicates compliance with the Kuznets environmental curve.

PL

Celem głównym pracy było porównanie poziomu zanieczyszczenia powietrza emitowanego przez transport drogowy i jego związku z rozwojem gospodarczym i infrastrukturą transportową w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2006-2017. W pracy przedstawiono zróżnicowanie w emisji zanieczyszczeń przez transport drogowy w krajach UE, ukazano dynamikę zmian w tym zakresie, określono związki i między poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego, wyposażeniem w infrastrukturę drogową, a emisją zanieczyszczeń powietrza. Dane pochodziły z baz i raportów EUROSTAT. Zbudowany za pomocą metod wielowymiarowej analizy danych ranking szeregujący Państwa pod względem emisji związków do atmosfery pochodzących z transportu i uwzględniając infrastrukturę drogową oraz powierzchnię kraju, wskazał na Portugalię i Luksemburg jako kraje o stosunkowo dużej emisji (grupa 3), kraje o umiarkowanej emisji to Bułgaria, Malta, Cypr oraz Szwecja (grupa 2). Analiza tempa zmian emisji zanieczyszczeń do powietrza oraz wielkości PKB w krajach Unii wskazuje także na zgodność ze środowiskową krzywą Kuznetsa.

19

Utilization Range of By-Products from Coal Combustion in Earth Structures of Transport Infrastructure

Mraz Vaclav, Suda Jan, Lojda Vit, Culka Adam, Trubac Jakub

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2020

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no. 1, vol. 2

131--138

EN

In transportation engineering, earthwork is the main structural material which geotechnical properties can be positively modified with admixtures. This article focuses on the application of energy by-products in earthwork of transportation line structures and summarizes their advantages and define the scope of their utilization. Earthwork construction demands the considerable volume of quality material and therefore, the effort to optimize traditional material substitution is made. One possibility is to apply solid by-products emerging when combusting coal, which is referred to as secondary energy products. These include various types of fly-ash, slag, bottom ash or gypsum. Requisite for their further widespread utilization is the application in the construction and modernization of transport infrastructure, including road and rail construction, or in the case of flood control dams within the framework of water management measures against flooding. They can be utilized also as municipal waste dumps covering. However, the application of fly ashes in earthwork constructions delivers certain limits. When contacting with rain ingress or groundwater, the leaching containing heavy and toxic metals depending on energy by-product type may occur. Alternatively, the limitation of their application can be relatively low mechanical resistance to cyclic saturation and frost effect and consequent volume changes. This article deals with long-term observation results of the energy by-products saturation and additivity influence on volume changes. For the investigation purpose of failure causes, the phase composition using X-ray crystallography and Raman spectroscopy was determined.

PL

W inżynierii transportu masy ziemne są głównym materiałem konstrukcyjnym, którego właściwości geotechniczne można pozytywnie modyfikować za pomocą domieszek. Artykuł koncentruje się na zastosowaniu produktów ubocznych spalania w pracach ziemnych w konstrukcji linii transportowych ocenia ich zalety oraz określa zakres ich wykorzystania. Konstrukcja robót ziemnych wymaga znacznej ilości wysokiej jakości materiału, dlatego podejmowane są wysiłki w celu optymalizacji zastępowania materiałów. Jedną z możliwości jest zastosowanie stałych ubocznych produktów spalania węgla, które są określane jako wtórne produkty energetyczne. Należą do nich różne rodzaje popiołów lotnych, żużli, popiołów dennych lub gipsu. Kierunkiem ich wykorzystania jest zastosowanie w budowie i modernizacji infrastruktury transportowej, w tym w budownictwie drogowym, kolejowym, budowie zapór przeciwpowodziowych. Zastosowanie popiołów lotnych w konstrukcjach ziemnych ma jednak pewne ograniczenia. Podczas kontaktu z wnikającymi deszczami lub wodami gruntowymi może wystąpić ługowanie metali ciężkich i toksycznych w zależności od składu ubocznego produktu spalania. Ograniczeniem ich zastosowania może być względnie niska odporność mechaniczna i mrozoodporność. Artykuł dotyczy wyników długoterminowych obserwacji dodatku ubocznych produktów spalania na zmiany objętości. Skład fazowy określono za pomocą krystalografii rentgenowskiej i spektroskopii Ramana.

20

The optmization tool supporting supply chain management in the multi-criteria approach

Izdebski M., Jacyna-Gołda I., Gołębiowski P., Plandor J.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 66, nr 3

505--524

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowe narzędzie optymalizacyjne wspierające zarządzanie łańcuchem dostaw w aspekcie wielokryterialnym. To narzędzie zostało wdrożone w systemie EPLOS (Europejski Portal Usług Logistycznych). System EPLOS to zintegrowany system informatyczny wspierający proces tworzenia sieci dostaw i dystrybucji w łańcuchach dostaw. Ten system składa się z wielu modułów, np. moduł optymalizacji odpowiedzialny za przetwarzanie danych, generowanie wyników, moduł danych wejściowych, moduł kalibracji parametrów algorytmu optymalizacyjnego. Głównym celem badań było opracowanie systemu do określania parametrów łańcucha dostaw, które wpływają na jego efektywność w procesie zarządzania przepływem towarów między poszczególnymi ogniwami łańcucha. Parametry te zostały uwzględnione w modelu matematycznym jako zmienne decyzyjne w celu ustalenia ich w procesie optymalizacji. W modelu matematycznym zdefiniowano dane wejściowe adekwatne do analizowanego problemu, przedstawiono główne ograniczenia związane z wyznaczaniem efektywnego sposobu zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw oraz opisano funkcje kryterium. Problem zarządzania przepływem towarów w łańcuchu dostaw został przedstawiony w ujęciu wielokryterialnym. Ocenę efektywności zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw przeprowadzono na podstawie globalnej funkcji kryterium składającej się z częściowych funkcji kryteriów opisanych w modelu matematycznym. Główne funkcje kryteriów na podstawie których wyznaczane jest końcowe rozwiązane to współczynnik wykorzystania wewnętrznych środków transportu, współczynnik wykorzystania zewnętrznych środków transportu, koszty pracy środków transportu wewnętrznego i personelu, całkowity koszt realizacji zadań transportowych, współczynnik wykorzystania czasu zaangażowania pojazdów, całkowity czas poświęcony na wykonanie zadań, czy liczba pojazdów. Punktem wyjścia do badania było założenie, że o skuteczności zarządzania łańcuchem decydują dwa problemy decyzyjne ważne dla menedżerów w procesie zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw, tj. problem przydziału pojazdów do zadań i problem lokalizacji obiektów logistycznych w łańcuchu dostaw. Aby rozwiązać badany problem, zaproponowano innowacyjne podejście w postaci opracowania algorytmu genetycznego, który został dostosowane do przedstawionego modelu matematycznego. W pracy szczegółowo opisano poszczególne kroki konstruowania algorytmu. Zaproponowana struktura przetwarzana przez algorytm jest strukturą macierzową, dzięki której wyznaczane są optymalne parametry łańcucha dostaw. Procesy krzyżowania i mutacji zostały opracowane adekwatnie do przyjętej struktury macierzowej. W procesie kalibracji algorytmu wyznaczono takie wartości parametrów algorytmu tj. prawdopodobieństwo krzyżowania czy mutacji, które generują optymalne rozwiązanie. Poprawność algorytmu genetycznego oraz efektywność zaproponowanego narzędzia wspomagającego proces zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw została potwierdzona w procesie jego weryfikacji.

EN

The article presents a new optimization tool supporting supply chain management in the multi-criteria aspect. This tool was implemented in the EPLOS system (European Logistics Services Portal system). The EPLOS system is an integrated IT system supporting the process of creating a supply and distribution network in supply chains. This system consists of many modules e.g. optimization module which are responsible for data processing, generating results. The main objective of the research was to develop a system to determine the parameters of the supply chain, which affect its efficiency in the process of managing the goods flow between individual links in the chain. These parameters were taken into account in the mathematical model as decision variables in order to determine them in the optimization process. The assessment of supply chain management effectiveness was carried out on the basis of the global function of the criterion consisting of partial functions of the criteria described in the mathematical model. The starting point for the study was the assumption that the effectiveness of chain management is determined by two important decision-making problems that are important for managers in the supply chain management process, i.e. the problem of assigning vehicles to tasks and the problem of locating logistics facilities in the supply chain. In order to solve the problem, an innovative approach to the genetic algorithm was proposed, which was adapted to the developed mathematical model. The correctness of the genetic algorithm has been confirmed in the process of its verification.