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1

Determination of the friction force between the draw rod and its guide in sucker rod well pumps and an analytical study of the stress deformation state of the valve assembly

Aliyeva Sevda Y., Abbasov Sakit H.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 9

596--603

EN

The article is devoted to the determination of the friction force between the draw rod and the guide and to the analytical study of the stress deformation state of the valve assembly of the rod well pump. In sucker rod well pumps, a hollow cylindrical guide is used to ensure the same axis of the plunger as the cylinder during operation. The guide is attached to the upper end of the pump cylinder. The draw rod connecting the sucker rod and the plunger of the pump moves up and down in the internal cylindrical cavity of the guide in the corresponding movements of the balancer head. There must be a certain clearance between the draw rod and the guide to ensure free movement of the draw rod. Based on the calculation scheme for determining the friction force between the draw rod and the guide is given, and the necessary parameters are determined. According to the values obtained from the calculation, the graphs were built based on the dependences of the friction force between the draw rod and the guide on the angle φ, and on the path of the plunger when φ = 30. At the same time, according to the calculation scheme of the "ball-saddle" pair, the force acting on the ball, the stresses generated on the contact surfaces of the ball and the saddle, and other parameters were found. The friction and wear between the draw rod and the guide is also typical of the friction and wear between the polished rod and the wellhead forming structure. Because, in the latter case, as a result of the suspension point of the balancer head not having the same axis as the wellhead, the polished rod cannot move with the straight axis in wellhead valve.

PL

Artykuł zawiera opis metody wyznaczania siły tarcia pomiędzy cięgłem a prowadnicą cięgła dławikowej pompy wgłębnej oraz analizę odkształcenia naprężeniowego zespołu zaworowego pompy. W żerdziowych pompach wgłębnych stosuje się drążone cylindryczne prowadnice w celu zapewnienia współosiowości nurnika i cylindra pompy. Prowadnica ta jest przymocowana do górnej końcówki cylindra pompy. Cięgło stanowi połączenie żerdzi pompowej z nurnikiem pompy. Porusza się ono w górę i w dół w cylindrycznej prowadnicy, zgodnie z ruchem głowicy wyważającej. Pomiędzy cięgłem a prowadnicą należy zapewnić odpowiedni luz tak, aby zapewnić swobodny ruch cięgła. Wszelkie niezbędne parametry układu ustalono na podstawie schematu obliczeniowego siły tarcia występującego pomiędzy cięgłem a prowadnicą. Na podstawie wartości uzyskanych podczas obliczeń utworzono wykresy obrazujące zależności siły tarcia pomiędzy cięgłem a prowadnicą dla kąta φ oraz dla toru posuwu nurnika, gdy φ = 30. Jednocześnie, zgodnie ze schematem obliczeniowym pary „kula–gniazdo”, wyznaczono siłę działającą na kulę, naprężenia powstające na powierzchniach styku kuli i gniazda oraz inne parametry. Tarcie i zużycie pomiędzy cięgłem a prowadnicą jest również typowe dla tarcia i zużycia występujących pomiędzy drążkiem polerowanym a prowadnicą w zagłowiczeniu odwiertu. W tym drugim przypadku ze względu na to, że punkt zawieszenia głowicy wyważającej nie znajduje się w osi głowicy odwiertu, drążek polerowany nie może się poruszać w osi zaworu głowicy odwiertu.

2

Calibration of reference torque transducer in one direction and use of its cubic coefficients in both directions with improved interpolation error

Khaled K. M., Osman Seif M.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 3

539--551

EN

The current research work presents an investigation into use of the fitting coefficients resulting from the cubic curve fitting of the torque transducer calibration results in one direction to calculate the actual torque in the other torque direction with two methods: one is direct substitution with the nominal torque which gives a propagated linear relative interpolation error and the other is changing the sign of the second coefficient in the cubic function when using in the other torque direction. This proposed modification improves the absolute relative interpolation error by 5 to 16 times in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions based on the torque transducer’s classification.

3

Load capacity and design parameters of ball-type safetyoverrunning clutch with inclined grooves sides

Protsenko Vladyslav, Malashchenko Volodymyr, Kłysz Sylwester, Nastasenko Valentyn, Babiy Mykhaylo, Avramenko Oleksiy

Diagnostyka

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2022

|

Vol. 23, No. 4

art. no. 2022403

EN

Article deals with safety-overrunning clutches for mechanical transmissions. Modern design of safetyoverrunning clutch with grooves sides inclined to semi-coupling radius has been described and researched in the article. It has practical value for creation modular-type machines. On the basis of the theoretic studies, the expressions for obtaining the main specific operation parameters have been proposed: rating torque, beginning and ending operation torques. As the result of the studies, the equations for estimation the clutch main operation characteristics have been received - rating torque exceeding coefficient, coefficients of clutch accuracy and sensitivity. On account of modeling and comparison with clutch where grooves sides are parallel to the radius made a number of important conclusions. The analysis performed demonstrates that clutches with inclined to radius grooves sides in general have higher operation characteristics compared with clutches with parallel to radius grooves sides, particularly higher accuracy coefficient and lower rating torque exceeding coefficient. Obtained results make it possible to recommend for highly loaded large-mass systems clutches with low values of grooves to clutch axe and grooves sides to radius inclination angles, because it provides balls contact with plane sides grooves surfaces and through this allows to decrease contact stresses compared with clutches with grooves sides parallel to radius; allows to provide high load capacity with low rating torque exceeding in overload mode; in clutches with inclined to radius grooves sides friction impact manifests less in operation with high rotation frequency.

4

A new topology of double-stator permanent magnet machine equipped with AC windings on both stators

Awah Chukwuemeka

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 71, nr 2

283--296

EN

A new double stator permanent magnet machine having two sets of alternating current HacI windings in separate stators is proposed in this study. The proposed machine is appropriate for low-speed direct-drive applications. 2D- and 3D-finite element analysis (FEA) is adopted in the result predictions. The considered machine elements are: coil and phase flux linkage, coil and phase induced-electromotive force (EMF), copper loss, current density and torque characteristics. The analysis shows that the studied permanent magnet HpmI machine has better electromagnetic performance than its single-stator equivalent. Moreover, the proposed machine has potential for higher reliability if the separate stators are used independently. The effect of design parameters on open-circuit flux linkage and induced-electromotive force, as well as on the average electromagnetic torque of the proposed double stator machine is also presented. It is observed that for each of the investigated design variables, there is a need to select the optimal value in order to achieve the best average torque. The investigated design parameters are: the split ratio, magnet thickness, rotor radial thickness, inner stator tooth-width, rotor inner and outer iron-width/pitch ratio, and stator yoke size.

5

Experimental evaluation of eccentric mechanism power loading of movable pressure plate in die-cutting press

Knysh Oleh, Rehei Ivan, Kandiak Nazar, Ternytskyi Serhij, Ivaskiv Bohdan

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2022

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Vol. 16, no. 3

266--273

EN

The paper reports experimental research on torques during cardboard cutting in the die-cutting press with eccentrics in the drive of the movable pressure plate. To conduct the research, an experimental bench with eccentrics in the drive of the die-cutting press is designed and manufactured. The manufactured experimental device for the research on cardboard blanks provides the possibility of getting dependencies of loadings at different parameters of the die-cutting process. The experimental approach envisages the use of the strain gauge measurement method and the wireless module for data collecting, as well as the software for its processing, for getting trustworthy results with minimum faults. The method gives an opportunity to study the torque values during the cardboard-cutting efforts on the drive shaft. The paper shows changes in the torque value on the drive shaft during the kinematic cycle with and without the use of cardboard blank. The angle of the drive shaft rotation during the cutting process was evaluated at selected values of the cardboard thickness. The relationship between the linear cutting efforts and the cardboard thickness, its fibre direction, cutting rule type and rotational speed of the drive shaft is elaborated. This kind of data is approximated by a logarithmic function (logarithmic curve), at R2 from 0.90 to 0.98. The thickness of the cardboard significantly influences the value of the linear cutting effort at all the studied parameters.

6

Pomiar momentu obrotowego jako kryterium realizacji procesu granulacji talerzowej

Rostocki Andrzej, Ławińska Katarzyna, Modrzewski Remigiusz, Hejft Roman, Derbiszewski Bogdan, Obraniak Andrzej

Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów

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2021

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R. 66

159--169

PL

W pracy badano zmiany momentu obrotowego podczas granulacji drobnego materiału (bentonitu odlewniczego) w granulatorach talerzowych przy zmieniających się parametrach procesowych i aparaturowych. Złoże materiału sypkiego natryskiwano w trakcie dozowania, przy stałym natężeniu przepływu cieczy Q=0,5*10-3 dm3/s za pomocą zraszacza, który zapewniał równomierne podawanie cieczy natryskowej. Proces granulacji prowadzono każdorazowo aż do całkowitego zwilżenia materiału w aparacie. Przez cały czas trwania procesu rejestrowano chwilowe wartości momentu obrotowego na wale granulatora. Momenty jednostkowe (zredukowane) M* (na jednostkę masy nasypowej) wyznaczono na podstawie zmierzonych wartości, uwzględniając moment jałowy oraz zmiany masy nasypowej w talerzu. Stwierdzono, że parametry procesu i aparatury miały istotny wpływ na funkcję M* = f(t). Wiąże się to ze zmieniającymi się właściwościami zwilżonego złoża i granulatu, od których zależy charakter ruchu złoża, a co za tym idzie moment niezbędny do pochylenia złoża i wywołania jego cyrkulacji niezbędnej do wywołania mechanizmów tworzenia i wzrostu aglomeratów.

EN

The study investigated changes in torque during granulation of fine material (foundry bentonite) in disc granulator with changing process and apparatus parameters. The bed of loose material was sprayed during dosing, at a constant liquid flow rate Q = 0,5*10-3 dm3/s with the use of a sprinkler, which ensured even distribution of the spraying liquid. The granulation process was carried out each time until the material was completely wetted in the apparatus. Throughout the process, the instantaneous values of the torque on the granulator shaft were recorded. The unit moments M * (per unit of bulk mass) were determined on the basis of the measured values, taking into account the idle moment and changes in the bulk mass in the plate. It was found that the process and apparatus parameters had a significant influence on the function M * = f (t). This is related to the changing properties of the wetted bed and granulate, on which the nature of the bed's movement depends, and thus the moment necessary to tilt the bed and induce its circulation necessary to induce the mechanisms of formation and growth of agglomerates.

7

Shear Flow of Guncotton Pulp

Banishevsky Victor, Zakusylo Roman, Zakusylo Daryna

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2021

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Vol. 18, no. 1

124--142

EN

This article considers aspects of the flow, rheology, and viscometry of guncotton pulp. It is substantiated that during production guncotton pulp is subjected to shear deformation, taking into account sliding over smooth surfaces, in the input zones of the dies, in the barrel, and on the crimped finned tube of the screw extruder. At the same time, the presence of shear stress in guncotton pulp has not been established. A rotational viscometer with a torque meter, which was developed during this research, enabled the presence of shear stress in guncotton pulp to be demonstrated. The values of the flow stress depend on the solvent content in the guncotton pulp; as this is decreased, the τ0 value increases. When the flow curve for the section from τ0 to τRmax was constructed, the flow curves of the guncotton pulp were described by the Herschel-Bulkley equation. The flow curves of guncotton pulp obtained on corrugated capillaries of different sizes are non-invariant and depend on the magnitude of the deformation of the guncotton pulp in the capillaries. Guncotton pulp flows in a narrow range of pressures and deformations.

8

Predictive torque control of induction motor drive with reduction of torque and flux ripple

Kiani Babak, Mozafari Babak, Soleymani Soodabeh, Mohammadnezhad Shourkaei Hosein

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 4

art. no. e137727

EN

The continuing efforts for reduction of the torque and flux ripples using Finite Set Model Predictive Direct Torque Control methods (FS-MPDTC) have been currently drowning a great attention from the academic communities and industrial applications in the field of electrical drives. The major problem of high torque and flux ripples refers to the consideration of just one active voltage vector at the whole control period. Implementation of two or more voltage vectors at each sampling time has recently been adopted as one of the practical techniques to reduce both the torque and flux ripples. Apart from the calculating challenge of the effort control, the parameter dependency and complexity of the duty ratio relationships lead to reduction of the system robustness. those are two outstanding drawbacks of these methods. In this paper, a finite set of the voltage vectors with a finite set of duty cycles are employed to implement the FS-MPDTC of induction motor. Based on so-called Discrete Duty Cycle- based FS-MPDTC (DDC-FS-MPDTC), a base duty ratio is firstly determined based on the equivalent reference voltage. This duty ratio is certainly calculated using the command values of the control system, while the motor parameters are not used in this algorithm. Then, two sets of duty ratios with limit members are constructed for two adjacent active voltage vectors supposed to apply at each control period. Finally, the prediction and the cost function evaluation are performed for all of the preselected voltage vectors and duty ratios. However, the prediction and the optimization operations are performed for only 12 states of inverter. Meanwhile, time consuming calculations related to SVM has been eliminated. So, the robustness and complexity of the control system have been respectively decreased and increased, and both the flux and torque ripples are reduced in all speed ranges. The simulation results have verified the damping performance of the proposed method to reduce the ripples of both the torque and flux, and accordingly the experimental results have strongly validated the aforementioned statement.

9

Study of the two-rotor electric motor of a drive of vehicle drive wheels

Sergienko Nikolay, Kuznetsov Valeriy, Liubarskyi Borys, Pastushchina Mariia, Gołębiowski Piotr, Tkaczyk Sławomir

Archives of Transport

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2021

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Vol. 60, iss. 4

245--257

EN

In recent years, electric and hybrid vehicles have taken more and more attention due to their apparent advantages in saving fuel resources and reducing harmful emissions into the environment. Even though electric vehicles can solve the ecological problem, their operation is faced with a number of inconveniences associated with a limited driving distance from a single charge due to limited storage of energy from an independent power source and a lack of the required service and repair infrastructure. In hybrid and electric vehicles one of the main parameters is the curb weight, which affects energy consumption, vehicle speed, stability, controllability and maneuverability. In this regard, leading car manufacturers use parts with a low specific weight (non-metallic, aluminum alloys, etc.) in the design and also exclude some units from the design. Due to these technical solutions, the vehicle's operating is improved. One of the groups of parameters to be defined when designing a new electric vehicle is the parameters relating to the electric motor. The purpose of the article is determination of the mechanical characteristics of a two-rotor electric motor during magnetic flux control and assessment of the possibility of organizing the drive of the drive wheels of the vehicle. The electric motor has two mechanically independent outputs. For the study, an electrical equivalent diagram has been developed for the given two-rotor electric motor. A simulation model of the equivalent diagram has been built. Simulating the interaction processes of the rotors with the stator made it possible to obtain data for building the mechanical characteristics for each output of the electric motor. Analysis and processing of the mechanical characteristics data of the electric motors showed the conformity and the range of changes in the torque on each of the rotors when changing their slip and revolution, which are required when building algorithms for the operation of electric motor control systems as part of drives for various purposes. Analysis of the simulation results made it possible to assess the possibility of using the considered two-rotor electric motor for the drive of drive wheels in an electric and hybrid wheeled vehicle.

10

A Study on Drilling Machinability of γ-TiAl Alloy

Yang Hyunseok, Jung Woo-Chul, Kong Man-Sik, Lee Changhee

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2021

|

Vol. 66, iss. 4

951--954

EN

Intermetallic γ-TiAl alloy has excellent properties at high temperatures and is thus attracting attention as a substitute for nickel-based superalloy parts for turbine engines. However, γ-TiAl alloy is reported to be a difficult material to be machined due to its low ductility at room temperature, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity. in this study, a system capable of measuring thrust force (Tf) and torque (Tc) during the drilling process was constructed, and drilling processability according to the heat treated microstructure of γ-TiAl alloy was compared. As a result, it was confirmed that the thrust and torque of the γ-TiAl alloy having a microstructure in which the grains were refined by the heat treatment process was relatively low and rapidly stabilized, which is advantageous for drilling.

11

Experimental research of paperboard cutting in die cutting press with the screw–nut transmission of drive mechanism of a movable pressure plate

Ternytskyi Serhij, Rehei Ivan, Kandiak Nazar, Radikhovskyi Ihor, Mlynko Oksana

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2021

|

Vol. 15, no. 3

122--131

EN

This paper reports experimental research of torques during paperboard cutting in the die cutting press with the screw–nut transmission in the drive mechanism of the movable pressure plate. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the practical implementa-tion of the pressure plate drive mechanism with the use of screw–nut transmission for the production of cartons of paperboard blanks. The manufactured experimental bench for the research of paperboard blanks provides the possibility of getting dependencies of loads on different parameters of the die cutting process. The developed method of the experimental research envisages the use of the strain gauge method and the wireless module for data measurement and software for its processing that allow getting trustworthy results with minimum faults. As a result of experimental research studies, the impact of paperboard thickness and cutting velocity on torque values has been established. Results of experimental research allow getting trustworthy and systematised information about torque values depending on the thickness of the paperboard, the paperboard fibre direction and pressure plate displacement velocity. It is established that torque values on drive shaft during die cutting of paperboard blanks made of folding boxboard with thickness that lay in range of 0.3–0.7 mm. Experimental research studies show the impact of rotation speed of a drive shaft of the pressure plate drive mechanism on the torque value. The article shows the workability of the designed device with screw–nut transmission in the drive mechanism of a movable pressure plate.

12

Optimum combination of machining parameters during drilling of aluminium 7075 alloys using Grey based Taguchi approach

Sreenivasulu Reddy, Rao Chalamalasetti Srinivasa

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 4, No 3

227--238

EN

From ancient days to till today manufacturing industries, especially making of holes on the parts during drilling process for precision assembling of parts facing problems with burr formation. Drilling operation is one of the finishing operation in the production cycle, removing of burrs during drilling process is a time consuming and non-value added process to the manufacturing sector. So reducing the size of burrs is the main aim of the present study. In the present work, optimization of burr size is considered during drilling of aluminium 7075 alloy. In this connection, experiments are conducted based on Grey based Taguchi. From Grey relational grades of responses selected optimal combination of parameters to attain multiple performance characteristics of responses with a corresponding higher grey relational grade. For identifying the most significant input parameters that influence the output responses ANOVA is conducted. Based on interaction effect plots of data means of responses from results of ANOVA, confirmation tests are conducted by choosing most significant parameters. Finally, observations reveals that feed rate, point and clearance angles are the most influential factors on burr size and also experimental results divulge that the lower the thrust force causes to decrease the burr height. The proposed approach is helpful to the budding entrepreneurs in the related areas to select optimal combination of drilling parameters to attain multiple performance characteristics of responses especially in burr size to prevent the post finishing operations up to certain extent.

13

Stress Concentration Analysis of the Injection Pump Shaft

Bałon Paweł, Świątoniowski Andrzej, Rejman Edward, Kiełbasa Bartłomiej, Smusz Robert, Szostak Janusz, Kowalski Łukasz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

|

Vol. 14, no 2

155--162

EN

The paper presents the methodology for designing the injection shaft drive for diesel engines with 2,3,4,6 and 8 cylinders as well as power from 2.5 to 52 kW per cylinder using the FEM method and experimental research. The pump is the original solution of the authors. The shaft is a basic part of the pump with a complex structure. In order to assess the state of stress in the shaft, the FEM analytical method was used and experimental tests were carried out, subjecting the shaft to torsional moment resulting from the transmitted power. Experimental studies confirmed the results of numerical calculations and the correctness of the adopted solution. The destructive tests were carried out to assess the maximum load capacity of the shaft, loading it with an increasing torque until visible plastic deformations occurred. This condition appeared at twice the moment (Ms = 602 Nm) in relation to the maximum predicted moment in operation (extreme operating conditions of the pump shaft). The theoretical studies confirmed very significant stress concentration (αk coefficient at the level of 2.63 or even 4.7), which may be the cause of fatigue cracks. It also determines the strength of the shaft and its torsional stiffness, which influences the proper functioning of the pump and ensures adequate fuel injection phases.

14

Niedoceniany wpływ błędów montażowych na nośność stalowych łączników rozporowych

Konieczny Kazimierz, Dudek Daniel

Przegląd Budowlany

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2019

|

R. 90, nr 7-8

75--79

PL

W artykule opisano wpływ najczęściej popełnianych błędów w trakcie montażu stalowych łączników rozporowych na nośność zamocowań. Zazwyczaj wynika to z zarysowań podłoża betonowego, użycia wierteł o niewłaściwej średnicy, zastosowania nieodpowiedniego momentu instalacyjnego, zbyt płytkiego osadzenia łączników w podłożu itp. Stwierdzone w badaniach różnice w nośności mogą dochodzić nawet do 200%.

EN

The paper describes the effects of errors most frequently met while installing the metal anchors on the bearing capacity of the fixing system. It is usually caused by cracks of the concrete base, usage of drills with incorrect diameters, application of improper installation torque and/or too shallow embedment of anchors in the concrete base, and also other factors. The differences in the capacity found in the tests can reach even 200%.

15

An experimental study of cutting fluid on drilling AISI 1040 steel

Alim Md. Abdul, Uddin Md. Julhash, Islam Md. Ariful

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 3, No 1

7--12

EN

This experimental study investigated the effects of a conventional cutting fluid during drilling cylindrical holes on workpiece materials made of the AISI 1040 steel. Drilling responses were compared between dry and wet (in presence of the cutting fluid) cutting conditions with respect to drilling force, roundness deviation and taper of the hole, and chip morphology. High production machining and drilling with high cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut were found to be inherently associated with the generation of a large amount of heat and high cutting temperature. In a dry condition such high cutting temperature not only reduces dimensional accuracy and tool life but also impairs the roundness deviation and taper of the hole. The use of a conventional cutting fluid, in such a situation, was very effective to reduce the cutting temperature. In a dry cutting condition, numerous tool-wears were found on the drill bits. Drilling in such a dry condition seriously affects roundness of the hole, and chip shape and color. Contrastingly, use of a traditional cutting fluid reduced temperature as well as improved roundness and taper of the hole. It also acted as a lubricate at the tool tip–work surface interface. Overall, the conventional cutting fluid enhanced the quality of the machine work and potentially can increase machine life of drill bits.

16

Buckling of moderately thick annular plates subjected to torque

Bagheri Hamed, Kiani Yaser, Eslami Mohammad Reza

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. LXVI, nr 2

209--227

EN

An attempt is made in the current research to obtain the fundamental buckling torque and the associated buckled shape of an annular plate. The plate is subjected to a torque on its outer edge. An isotropic homogeneous plate is considered. The governing equations of the plate in polar coordinates are established with the aid of the Mindlin plate theory. Deformations and stresses of the plate prior to buckling are determined using the axisymmetric flatness conditions. Small perturbations are then applied to construct the linearised stability equations which govern the onset of buckling. To solve the highly coupled equations in terms of displacements and rotations, periodic auxiliary functions and the generalised differential quadrature method are applied. The coupled linear algebraic equations are a set of homogeneous equations dealing with the buckling state of the plate subjected to a unique torque. Benchmark results are given in tabular presentations for combinations of free, simply-supported, and clamped types of boundary conditions. It is shown that the critical buckling torque and its associated shape highly depend upon the combination of boundary conditions, radius ratio, and the thickness ratio.

17

Analysis of the influence of magnetic induction ramp profile on axial force and friction torque generated by MR fluid

Horak Wojciech, Szczęch Marcin

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

|

2019

|

Vol. 13, no. 3

153--157

EN

The unique properties of magnetic fluids result from their ability to undergo reversible, almost immediate, changes in their rheological properties under the influence of magnetic fields as well as the possibility to position them by magnetic field forces. It is also possible to control the direction and flow rate of such fluids. These properties provide an efficient way to develop new types of controllable machines and devices, such as brakes, clutches and bearings. The objective of the study was to examine the axial force and torque friction of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid working in the shear flow mode (parallel plate system) subjected to different magnetic induction ramp profiles. The rotation speed and working gap height were also taken into account. Determining the response of the tested system to magnetic induction change in different working conditions was of particular interest.

18

Research and development of an electric traction drive based on a switched reluctance motor

Buriakovsky S., Maslii A., Pasko O., Denys I.

Transport Problems

|

2018

|

T. 13, z. 2

69--79

EN

In the most developed countries, intensive studies are being carried out to utilize various types of electric machines such as synchronous motors with permanent magnets and traction motors with non-traditional magnetic systems on traction electric drives. Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) are one of the most simple, reliable, and cost-efficient technology used in manufacture and operation. Its convenient traction performance, combined with the high overload capacity, makes its use promising for both freight and passenger rolling stock. Our research is directed to develop a control system for a four-phase SRM. The procedure of fuzzy-regulator synthesis is presented. A physical model of a switched reluctance drive is created, namely, it is a system of a wheel set and a motor. The efficiency of the control system with different types of speed regulators was checked and their main quality indicators were determined. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the fuzzy regulator more precisely controls the regulated value.

19

Processing of long lasting signals of torsional vibrations measured using incremental encoders

Dereszewski M., Sikora G.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 4

59--65

EN

The article describes processing method of a signal, coming from torsional deflections of an internal combustion piston engine’s crankshaft, registered using two optical encoders ETNP-10. Standard measurement and recording set ETNP-10 enables recording of Instantaneous Angular Speed values encompassing 10 revolutions of the crankshaft, what is equal to 5 cycles of four-stroke engine. That time duration is sufficient for analysis of changes of angular speed caused by, for example, malfunction of fuel injection valve, but is insufficient in case of observation characterized by low frequency changes with period of fluctuations, lower than 0.8 sec. Short time for recording makes impossible following of instantaneous angular speed deviations caused by magnitude modulation of engine’s load value. In the article is presented an algorithm written in MATLAB environment, which allows processing of the data recorded using the recorder DAS 1600 Sefram. The recorded this way signals have around 26 seconds' duration of engine work. Data acquired from two encoders mounted at opposite sides of the shaft, in form of square magnitude signals are transformed into instantaneous speed and subsequently to instantaneous angular shift, what is basis for torsions calculation. In the article is also presented method of elimination of systematic error due to assumed method of averaging. Finally, some examples of results of torsional deflection measurement and analysis are presented.

20

Diagnostic aspects of a crankshaft torsional oscillations monitoring by IAS measurement

Dereszewski M.

Journal of KONES

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2018

|

Vol. 25, No. 1

67--74

EN

Continuous monitoring of diesel engine performance under its operating is critical for prediction of malfunction development and subsequently functional failure detection. Analysis of Instantaneous Angular Speed (IAS) of the crankshaft is considered as one of non-intrusive and effective method of detection of combustion quality deterioration. The article contains presentation of attempt of monitoring of piston engine’s crankshaft torsional vibrations by measurement of Instantaneous Angular Speed at free, and power output ends of the engine’s crankshaft. The angular speed measurements was done using two optical sensors for reading the IAS, mounted at shaft line’s opposite ends, one at free end of the crankshaft and second at end of generator’s shaft. In the article is presented description of the measurement system and explanation of its mode of work. Experiments were based at two kinds of malfunction possible to be simulated at test bed. First one was simulation of a leak of fuel injection pump, the second one relayed on mounting of sets of injection valves with different nozzles characteristics (spraying nozzle angle), giving different parameters of fuel injection. Presented results of experiment derives from test cycle carried out using laboratory stand of Gdynia Maritime University equipped with 3- cylinder self − ignition engine, powering electric generator.