Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Effect of High-tin Bronze Composition on Physical, Mechanical, and Acoustic Properties of Gamelan Materials

Slamet S., Suyitno S., Kusumaningtyas I., Miasa I. M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 21, iss. 1

137--145

EN

High tin bronze alloy (Cu>17wt.%Sn) is commonly as raw material to fabricate musical instruments. Gamelan musical instruments in Indonesia are produced using tin bronze alloy raw materials. The tin bronze alloy used by each gamelan craftsman has a different tin composition, generally in the range of Cu(20-24) wt.% Sn. This study aims to investigate the effect of microstructure, density, and mechanical properties of Cu(20-24)wt.%Sn against the acoustic properties processed by the sand casting method. The material is melted in a crucible furnace until it reaches a pouring temperature of 1100ºC by the sand casting method. The specimens were subjected to microstructure observations, density and porosity as well as mechanical properties testing including tensile strength, bending strength, hardness, and modulus of elasticity. Mechanical properties data then used to calculate several parameters of acoustic properties including speed of sound (c), impedance (z) and radiation coefficient (R). Processes simulation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Experiment Method Analysis (EMA) were carried out to determine acoustic properties including sound intensity, natural frequency and damping capacity. The experimental result shows that the increase in tin composition in Cu(20-24) wt.% Sn changed the microstructure of coarse grains into dendrite-columned fine grains. Physical properties of density decrease, while porosity increases. Mechanical properties including tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and bending strength decreased, while the hardness of the alloy increases. The calculation of acoustic parameters such as the speed of sound (c), impedance (z) and radiation coefficient (R) has decreased. Moreover, sound intensity (dB), natural frequency (Hz) and damping capacity also decrease with increasing tin composition. Hence, tin bronze alloy Cu20wt.%Sn is the recommended raw material for the manufacture of gamelan instruments through the sand casting method.

2

Microstructure and properties of tin bronzes produced by the SPD method

Sobota J., Rodak K., Nowak M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2019

|

Vol. 64, iss. 1

95--102

EN

In this article the structural and mechanical properties of grain refinement of Cu-Sn alloys with tin content of 10%, 15% and 20% using the KOBO method have been presented. The direct extrusion by KOBO (name from the combination of the first two letters of the names of its inventors – A. Korbel and W. Bochniak) method employs, during the course of the whole process, a phenomenon of permanent change of strain travel, realized by a periodical, two-sided, plastic metal torsion. Moreover the aim of this work was to study corrosion resistance. The microstructure investigations were performed using an optical microscope Olimpus GX71, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The mechanical properties were determined with INSTRON 4505/5500 machine. Corrosion tests were performed using «Autolab» set – potentiostat/galvanostat from EcoChemie B.V. with GPES software ver. 4.9. The obtained results showed possibility of KOBO deformation of Cu-Sn casting alloys. KOBO processing contributed to the refinement of grains and improved mechanical properties of the alloys. The addition of tin significantly improved the hardness. Meanwhile, with the increase of tin content the tensile strength and yield strength of alloys decrease gradually. Ductility is controlled by eutectoid composition and especially δ phase, because they initiate nucleation of void at the particle/matrix interface. No significant differences in the corrosion resistance between cast and KOBO processed materials were found.

3

The Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of High-tin Bronzes

Nadolski M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 17, iss. 1

127--130

EN

High-tin bronzes are used for church bells and concert bells (carillons). Therefore beside their decorative value, they should also offer other functional properties, including their permanence and good quality of sound. The latter is highly influenced by the structure of bell material, i.e. mostly by the presence of internal porosity which interferes with vibration of the bell waist and rim, and therefore should be eliminated. The presented investigations concerning the influence of tin content ranging from 20 to 24 wt% on mechanical properties of high-tin bronzes allowed to prove the increase in hardness of these alloys with simultaneous decrease in the tensile and the impact strengths (Rm and KV, respectively) for the increased tin content. Fractures of examined specimens, their porosity and microstructures were also assessed in order to explain the observed regularities. A reason of the change in the values of mechanical properties was revealed to be the change in the shape of α-phase crystals from dendritic to acicular one, and generation of grain structure related to the increased Sn content in the alloy.

4

Research of Aluminium Influence on Tin Bronzes

Rzadkosz S., Garbacz-Klempka A., Kozana J., Piękoś M., Czekaj E., Perek-Nowak M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 15, iss. 1 spec.

93--98

EN

During the research a group of copper and tin alloys was investigated. The influence of variable additions of aluminium within the range of 0.3 – 1.4 wt % was analysed on tin bronze CuSn10 with the aim of obtaining durable bronzes, from outside the normalized copper alloy groups. Melts were conducted in order to obtain alloy samples for testing the chosen properties. Metallographic and SEM-EDS tests were carried out to determine the microstructure changes caused by introducing Al addition to CuSn10 alloy. Also, chosen mechanical properties were tested for the alloys investigated. The results showed considerable changes in the microstructure as well as significant hardening of the Cu-Sn alloys as the result of aluminium addition. The thermal and dilatometric analysis confirmed the presence of phase changes, also their parameters were assessed depending on the share of aluminium addition in the CuSn10. The aluminium additive applied within the range of 0.3-1.4 wt% to CuSn10 bronze clearly impacted the microstructure and the strength properties analysed, causing the increase in strength and hardness with simultaneous insignificant decrease of elongation of the CuSn10Al alloys.

5

Kształtowanie mikrostruktury i właściwości mechanicznych brązów cynowych

Rzadkosz S., Kozana J., Garbacz-Klempka A., Piękoś M., Cieślak W.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2014

|

Vol. 14, iss. 4 spec.

107--110

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad wybraną grupą stopów z układu Cu-Sn. Przeanalizowano oddziaływanie udziału cyny w brązach cynowych w zakresie od 6 do 30 %. Kontynuując badania zmierzające do uzyskania odpornych na zużycie brązów spoza grup znormalizowanych stopów miedzi, oceniono oddziaływanie dodatku aluminium w stopach Cu-Sn. Przeprowadzono badania metalograficzne zmierzające do określenia mechanizmów oddziaływania zmiennych zawartości dodatków stopowych z uwagi na zmiany podstawowych właściwości mechanicznych. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na wyraźne zmiany mikrostruktur badanych stopów, jak również wykazują silne utwardzenie stopów Cu-Sn. Zastosowane dodatki aluminium w zakresie do 3 % w wybranych stopach powodują również poprawę właściwości mechanicznych badanych brązów cynowych z dodatkiem aluminium.

EN

During the research a chosen group of copper - tin alloys were investigated. The influence Sn in tin bronzes was analysed in the broad spectrum between 6 to 30%. Continuing the research aiming at obtaining durable bronzes outside the normalised copper alloys, the influence of chosen aluminium additive in selected Cu-Sn alloys was assessed. Metallographic tests were carried out to determine the operating mechanisms and also the influence of the varied alloying additives from the perspective of changes in the basic properties of the alloys investigated. The obtained results clearly point to the changes in microstructures and mechanical properties of the alloys investigated.

6

Influence of refining operations on a structure and properties of copper and its selected alloys

Rzadkosz S., Kranz M., Nowicki P., Piękoś M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2009

|

Vol. 54, iss. 2

299-304

EN

The analysis of the refining effwctiveness of the liquid copper and selected copper alloys by various micro additions and special refining substances – was performed. Examinations of an influence of purifying, modifying and deoxidation operations performed in a metal bath on the properties of ceratin selected alloys based on copper matrix – were made. Refining substances, protecting-purifying slag, deoxidation and modifying substances containing micro additions of such elements as: zirconium, boron, phosphor, sodium, lithium, or their compounds introduced in orfder to change micro structures and properties of alloys, were applied in examinations. A special attention was directed to macro and micro structures of alloys, thier tensile and elongation strength and hot-cracks sensitivity. Refining effects were estimated by comparing the effectiveness of micro structure changes with property changes of copper and its selected alloys from the group of tin bronzes.

PL

W ramach badań poddano ocenie analizę skutechności procesów uszlachetniania ciekłej miedzi i wybranych stopów miedzi różnymi mikrodatkami i specjalnymi preparatami uszlachetniającymi. Przeprowadzono badania wpływu zabiegów rafinujacych, modyfikujacych lub odtleniających dokonanych w kąpieli metalowej na właściwości wybranych tworzyw na osnowie miedzi. Do badań zastosowano preparaty uszlachetniające tj. żużle ochronno-rafinujące, preparaty odtleniające i modyfikujące, zawierające różne mikrododatki pierwiastków m.in. cyrkonu, boru, fosforu, sodu, litu, lub ich związki w postaci specjalnych preparatów wprowadzonych w celu zmiany mikrostruktury i właściwosci stopów. Szczególną uwagę skierowano na makro i mikrostrukture stopów, na zmainy wytrzymałości na rozciąganie i wydłużenie oraz na skłonność do pęknięć na gorąco. Efekty uszlachetniania oceniono – porównując efektywność zmian w mikrostrukturze i zmian właściwości miedzi i wybranych stopów miedzi z grupy brazów cynowych.

7

Refining processes of selected copper alloys

Rzadkosz S., Kranz M., Nowicki P., Piękoś M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2009

|

Vol. 9, iss. 2

29-34

EN

The analysis of the refining effectiveness of the liquid copper and selected copper alloys by various micro additions and special refining substances - was performed. Examinations of an influence of purifying, modifying and deoxidation operations performed in a metal bath on the properties of certain selected alloys based on copper matrix - were made. Refining substances, protecting-purifying slag, deoxidation and modifying substances containing micro additions of such elements as: zirconium, boron, phosphor, sodium, lithium, or their compounds introduced in order to change micro structures and properties of alloys, were applied in examinations. A special attention was directed to macro and micro structures of alloys, their tensile and elongation strength and hot-cracks sensitivity. Refining effects were estimated by comparing the effectiveness of micro structure changes with property changes of copper and its selected alloys from the group of tin bronzes.

8

Investigation on the deformability of tin bronzes CuSn6 modified with zirconium on the industrial hot rolling of flat ingots

Ozgowicz W., Malec W., Ciura L.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2007

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

78-83

EN

Purpose: The basic aim of the investigations was to determine the effect of a microadditions of zirconium on the improvement of the plasticity of tin bronze type CuSn6 and its deformability during the production test of hot rolling of flat ingots. Design/methodology/approach: The principle method of testing the deformability of flat ingots at elevated temperature was rest of their hot rolling under industrial conditions. Findings: In result of the investigations it has been found that a microadditions of zirconium in an amount of about 0.03-0.05% ensures an optimal structure and also a higher plasticity and deformability of industrial bronze type CuSn6 in the temperature range of hot rolling. Research limitations/implications: Attempts of hot rolling permitted only in a limited degree to determine the favourable effects of the modifications of the tested bronze with zirconium. In future these effects ought be verified in other processes of hot plastic working. Practical implications: The investigations proved that the applied technology of rolling is an effective way of hot plastic deformation of flat tin bronze ingots modified with zirconium.

9

Analiza mechanizmów kruchości międzykrystalicznej brązów-alpha w temperaturze podwyższonej: Część 2

Ozgowicz W.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

|

2005

|

R. 50, nr 7

377-391

PL

W pracy analizowano główne czynniki i mechanizmy determinujące hipotetycznie zjawisko kruchości między krystalicznej jednofazowych brązów cynowych podczas procesu odkształcenia w temperaturze podwyższonej. Weryfikowano doświadczalnie synergiczny efekt takich mikromechanizmów pękania, jak poślizg wzdłuż granic ziarn oraz kawitacji i segregacji międzykrystalicznej, jak również oddziaływania mikrododatków Ce lub Zr na możliwość ograniczenia tej kruchości i polepszenia własności plastycznych stopów w temperaturze podwyższonej. Stwierdzono, że udział tych mechanizmów w procesie dekohezji jest funkcją złożoną, zależną implicite od składu chemicznego stopów, a w szczególności - czystości granic ziarn i wielkości ziarn. Zaprezentowano w niej również metody modelowania i symulacji komputerowej procesów dyfuzyjnych segregacji międzykrystalicznej na podstawie nowo opracowanego programu komputerowego DYFUZJA. Analiza spektrometryczna Augera oraz metoda symulacji komputerowej potwierdziły możliwość generowania segregacji atomów siarki i cyny na granicach ziarn struktury 2D badanych stopów modelowych.

EN

The main factors and mechanisms determining hypothetically the phenomenon of intergranular brittleness of single-phase tin bronzes during their deformation at elevated temperature have been analysed in this paper. The synergetic effect of the micro-mechanisms of cracking, like grain-boundary sliding, intercrystalline cavitation and segregation, as well as the effect of microadditions of Ce and Zr on the possibility of limiting the intergranular brittleness and improvement of the plasticity of alloys at elevated temperature has been experimentally verified. It has been found that the share of these mechanisms in the process of decohesion is a complex function depending implicitly on the chemical composition of the alloys, particularly the purity at the grain boundaries and grain sizes. Methods of computer modelling and the simulation of diffusive processes of intercrystalline segregation have been presented, too, basing on the newly developed computer program DIFFUSION. Auger's spectrometric analysis and the applied computer-simulation method have confirmed the possibility of generating the segregation of tin and sulphur atoms at the grain boundaries of the 2D structure of the investigated model alloys.

10

Analiza mechanizmów kruchości międzykrystalicznej brązów-alpha w temperaturze podwyższonej: Część 1

Ozgowicz W.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

|

2005

|

R. 50, nr 6

320-327

PL

W pracy analizowano główne czynniki i mechanizmy determinujące hipotetycznie zjawisko kruchości międzykrystalicznej jednofazowych brązów cynowych podczas procesu odkształcenia w temperaturze podwyższonej. Weryfikowano doświadczalnie synergiczny efekt takich mikromechanizmów pękania, jak poślizg wzdłuż granic ziarn oraz kawitacji i segregacji międzykrystalicznej, jak również oddziaływania mikrododatków Ce lub Zr na możliwość ograniczenia tej kruchości i polepszenia własności plastycznych stopów w temperaturze podwyższonej. Stwierdzono, że udział tych mechanizmów w procesie dekohezji jest funkcją złożoną, zależną implicite od składu chemicznego stopów, a w szczególności - czystości granic ziarn i wielkości ziarn. Zaprezentowano w niej również metody modelowania i symulacji komputerowej procesów dyfuzyjnych segregacji międzykrystalicznej na podstawie nowo opracowanego programu komputerowego DYFUZJA. Analiza spektrometryczna Augera oraz metoda symulacji komputerowej potwierdziły możliwość generowania segregacji atomów siarki i cyny na granicach ziarn struktury 2D badanych stopów modelowych.

EN

The main factors and mechanisms determining hypothetically the phenomenon of intergranular brittleness of single-phase tin bronzes during their deformation at elevated temperature have been analysed in this paper. The synergetic effect of the micro-mechanisms of cracking, like grain-boundary sliding, intercrystalline cavitation and segregation, as well as the effect of microadditions of Ce and Zr on the possibility of limiting the intergranular brittleness and improvement of the plasticity of alloys at elevated temperature has been experimentally verified. It has been found that the share of these mechanisms in the process of decohesion is a complex function depending implicitly on the chemical composition of the alloys, particularly the purity at the grain boundaries and grain sizes. Methods of computer modelling and the simulation of diffusive processes of intercrystalline segregation have been presented, too, basing on the newly developed computer program DIFFUSION. Auger's spectrometric analysis and the applied computer-simulation method have confirmed the possibility of generating the segregation of tin and sulphur atoms at the grain boundaries of the 2D structure of the investigated model alloys.

11

Zużycie tribologiczne brązów antymonowych.

Czupryk W.

Zagadnienia Eksploatacji Maszyn

|

2001

|

Vol. 36, nr 4

9-21

PL

W publikacji przedstawiono informacje dotyczące problematyki zużycia brązów antymonowych. Zużycie brązów antymonowych dwu- i wieloskładnikowych w tarciu z udziałem smaru nie przewyższa zużycia brązów cynowych, przyjmuje też mniejsze wartości w zależności od składu brązu. Przyjmując wartość zużycia jako kryterium przydatności nowych materiałów do pracy w tarciu z udziałem smaru, można wskazać na brązy antymonowe jako materiały mogące zastąpić drogie i deficytowe brązy cynowe z zaleceniem użycia ich w postaci wylań cienkowarstwowych.

EN

The publication, in form of a compilation of ealier works by the same author, presents information about the problems of antimony bronzes wear, which can be successfully substituted in certain uses for the more expensive and scarce tin bronzes. Two-component antimony bronze wear in friction with the use of lubricant does not exceed the wear of tin bronzes, and is even lower in many cases, depending on contents of bronze. Introduction of bismuth to antimony bronze and of bismuth as well as nickel was aimed to change the unwanted tendency in wear of steel elements. During tests with two-component antimony bronzes it was found that along with the increase of antimony contents in these bronzes, wear also increased. However, after the introduction of bismuth, no excessive steel wear was found. Nickel as the fourth component of the CuSbBi alloy brings about further reduction of wear of steel elements with a slight increase in bronze wear. Taking the amount of wear as a feasibility criterion of new materials for operation in frictional conditions with the use of lubricant, antimony bronzes can be recommended as alternative materials for tin bronzes, if used in form of thin-layered linings.

12

Wpływ temperatury spiekania na własności i strukturę spiekanych brązów cynowych

Frydrych H., Romański A., Olszewska I.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

|

2001

|

R. 46, nr 4

181-185

PL

Wykonano badania struktury i własności spieków otrzymanych z trzech różnych proszków brązu cynowego, pochodzących z importu. Zastosowano różne temperatury spiekania. Określono wpływ temperatury spiekania na gęstość i zmiany wymiarowe spieków oraz ich wytrzymałość na zginanie.

EN

The structure and properties of sinters produced at various temperatures, from three different, foreign, tin bronze powders, were analysed. The relations of sintering temperatures, density and bending strength of the sinters were defined.

13

Modyfikacja brązu cynowego CuSn10

Romankiewicz F., Głazowska I., Reif W.

Krzepnięcie Metali i Stopów

|

1998

|

nr 37

113--118

EN

Investigations on the modification of tin bronze CuSn10 with Zr additive as well as the complex additives consisting of P-Fe-Zr and Mg-P-Fe-Zr revealed the advantageous influence of these reagents on a structure and properties of the alloy. The modification processes caused the apparent grain refinement and as the consequence the increase of tension strenght of about 20% was achieved. Electron microscopy examinations allowed to identificate heterogeneous crystallization nuclea and to determinate the elements which formed the nuclea.