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1

The influence of activity coefficient and equilibrium constant models on the speciation of aqueous solutions of H2SO4–MgSO4–Al2(SO4)3 at 235 and 250 °C

Dickson Okechukwu Vincent, Deleau Thomas, Coquelet Christophe, Espitalier Fabienne, Lombart Julien, Tardy Antoine

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

|

Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 167497

EN

Supersaturation occurs in many industrial applications promoting reactive crystallisation between the reactants to form solutes. These solutes accumulate during precipitation, leading to the formation of scales on the inner walls of the reactor and particularly around the stirrer, causing modifications in the hydrodynamics. This encrustation is responsible for process shutdowns in continuous crystallisation processes. Supersaturation control is essential for industrial processes aimed at controlling or inhibiting the formation of these solids. Knowledge of mineral solubility and chemical speciation is required to account for the composition of the complexes in the system in their various solid or aqueous forms. This speciation is obtained by considering the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of the dissociation/complexation reactions involved in the system, the pressure, and the activity coefficients of the chemical species in their molecular or electrolyte form. From these thermodynamic quantities and the state of the system, we can predict the direction of the reaction. This study highlights the risk of the lack of experimental information on equilibrium constants at high temperatures and moderate pressures. Our goal is to evaluate the accuracy of existing models classically used to predict the equilibrium constant in such very hard conditions encountered in hydrometallurgical processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the influences of equilibrium constants estimation and activity coefficient models on the speciation of H2SO4–Al2(SO4)3–MgSO4 systems, forming hydronium alunite and kieserite in the laterite liquor of hydrometallurgical processes.

2

Studies of Physicochemical Bases and Optimization of Environmentally Safe Technology of Lead Production Waste Recycling

Tileuberdi Ayaulym, Misiuchenka Viktoryia, Tleuov Alibek, Shingisbayeva Zhadra, Anarbayev Abibulla, Ulbekova Mariyam, Khussanov Zhakhongir, Tashenov Yerkebulan, Tleuova Saltanat

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

293--301

EN

Physicochemical research of peculiarities of technogenic metallurgical wastes and mathematical optimization of ecologically safe technology of their processing are of great practical importance for solving ecological problems of the region. The aim and the main direction of the research are connected with the study of physical and chemical bases of the organization of the technology of waste recycling with separation of valuable metals in the form of their chlorides and simultaneous production of agloporite. Peculiarities of phase and mineralogical composition of raw materials and chloride roasting products were studied by means of modern devices: Q-1500D derivatograph, X-ray diffractometer Panalytical X’PERT, scanning electron microscope JSM-6490LV JOEL. Studies have shown that solid metallurgical waste is characterized by the presence of non-ferrous metals Fe, Ti, Pb, Cu, Zn, and the microstructure is characterized by the presence of silicate, aluminosilicate and ferrite minerals. Using the method of mathematical design with the application of Stuyudent’s criteria and Fisher’s equation, the adequacy of the obtained roasting results was established, providing the degree of extraction up to 86–98%, at the temperature of 1100 °С. The microstructure of the roasted products of the waste mixture with clay binder and calcium chloride is characterized by the predominance of calcium ferrites, silicon ferrites and aluminosilicate minerals. The obtained results of the study of the peculiarities of the physical and chemical bases and the optimization of the safe technology are of practical importance for the solution of the ecological problem of utilization of technogenic wastes with obtaining of valuable products.

3

Removal of Dyes by Adsorption Process Using Date Pits as Material Environmentally Friendly

Adachi Abderrazzak, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, El Manssouri Ibtissam, Moussaoui Fatima, El Bourachdi Soukaina, Lahkimi Amal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 8

181--193

EN

This study is based on the use of a natural material in the adsorption process to remove organic pollutants. The objective is to assess its effectiveness in adsorbing the organic pollutant MB from an aqueous solution, while operating in an open system. The DP bioadsorbent was characterized using FTIR and SEM. To determine their effect on adsorption efficiency, a number of variables were examined, including contact time, concentration of pollutant MB, adsorbent mass, pH, temperature, and adsorbent particle size. The effect of these variables on adsorption efficiency shows that a removal rate of 92.66% is achieved under optimum conditions, including a contact time of 35 minutes, a concentration of pollutant MB of 22.5 mg·l-1, an adsorbent mass (mDP) of 1.1 g·l-1 and a solution pH of 5.6. In addition, a progressive decrease in adsorption efficiency is observed with increasing temperature and adsorbent mass. On the other hand, this efficiency increases with increasing a concentration of pollutant MB. Three popular models, the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubin-Radushkevich models, have been used to examine the adsorption isotherms of the MB dye on DP. With a correlation factor of 0.98, it was discovered that MB adsorption monitored by the Freundlich isotherm. The Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich models, however, do not adequately describe the data. The kinetic results were studied using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, and show that MB dye adsorption on DP (adsorbent) follows the pseudo-second-order model. Also estimated were thermodynamic parameters such as (ΔH°), (ΔS°), (ΔG°), enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy respectively to anticipate the character of adsorption. The results indicate that the adsorption process of MB on the bioadsorbent is exothermic. The results derived from the ΔG° values lead to the conclusion that the adsorption of MB occurs spontaneously.

4

Thermodynamics-based measurement of the velocity of high-temperature smoke

Wang Haoyu

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2023

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Vol. 44, no 1

23--36

EN

In view of the high cost and difficulty of ensuring the accuracy in the measurement of fire smoke velocity, the measurement system developed using platinum resistance temperature detectors and an 8-bit microcontroller, is used to realize the fast measurement of high-temperature fire smoke velocity. The system is based on the thermodynamic method and adopts the Kalman filter algorithm to process the measurement data, so as to eliminate noise and interference, and reduce measurement error. The experimental results show that the Kalman filter algorithm can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of fire smoke velocity. It is also shown that the system has high measurement accuracy, short reaction time, low cost, and is characterized by high performance in the measurement of high-temperature smoke velocity in experiments and practice.

5

The behaviour of tannic acid adsorption on fluorite surface: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Tangarfa Mariam, Semlali Aouragh Hassan Naoul

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 1

77--87

EN

Fluorite is an important mineral to produce hydrofluoric acid. As fluorite resources contain calcite as a gangue mineral, the separation between these two calcium containing minerals is difficult. Tannic acid is the most commonly used reagent as a depressant to separate fluorite from calcite by flotation. To enhance this separation, it is so primordial to understand tannic acid physicochemical reactivity via these minerals. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the mechanism of tannic acid adsorption on the fluorite surface by experimental study using isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic. Adsorption isotherm modelling results showed that the adsorption process is well described by Sips model. On the other hand, the kinetic and thermodynamic require firstly the adsorption study as a function of three main reactional parameters including initial tannic acid concentration, solution pH and temperature. This study showed that acidic pH as well as initial tannic acid concentration increase and temperature decrease promote the studied adsorption. These finding were then exploited to determine the adsorption mechanism by pseudo n order kinetic model adjustment to experimental kinetic data using nonlinear regression method. Obtained high correlation coefficient and low mean absolute error at 95 % confidence level showed good agreement of experimental kinetic data with the tested model. These results revealed that the mechanism of tannic acid adsorption onto fluorite was attributed to a chemical reaction. In addition, the thermodynamic study showed that the studied adsorption process was exothermic.

6

Evaluation of CO2 adsorption capacity with a nano-CaO synthesized by chemical combustion/ball milling

Granados-Correa Francisco, Jiménez-Reyes Melania

Materials Science Poland

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2022

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Vol. 40, No. 2

257--269

EN

The adsorption of CO2 on a nano-calcium oxide (nano-CaO) adsorbent was investigated under different conditions of temperature and supply pressure, considering kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic parameters. CaO is a crystalline material with a high surface area and nanosized particles with high porosity, which showed rapid initial CO2 adsorption rates in the moderate temperature range studied. The adsorption was well described by the pseudo-second-order and the intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted the experimental data well, indicating a monolayer-type process. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the CO2/nano-CaO adsorption was endothermic, not spontaneous, and proceeded via physical and chemical processes. The activation energy value confirmed that the mechanism involved is a chemical process. In addition, the nano-CaO adsorbent could be regenerated five times without any significant loss of performance or properties. All the obtained results reveal that this porous nanoadsorbent has huge potential to be applied for CO2-capture technologies on a large scale.

7

Fundamental study of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2: A short review of thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanisms

Gandhi Romil, Moses Aashish, Baral Saroj Sundar

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 43, nr 2

223-–228

EN

On the off chance that methods which reduce the global CO2 content are unavailable and inefficient, the increasing CO2 levels will lead to a synchronized rise in temperature across the world. The conversion of this abundant CO2 into hydrocarbons like CH4, CH3OH, CO, HCOOH and hydrogen fuel using different techniques and their use for power could assist with the world’s energy deficiency and solve the CO2 reduction-energy nexus. In this study, photocatalytic CO2 conversion by sunlight will be of primary focus since this bears a resemblance with the regular photosynthesis phenomenon. This work also portrays the writings that have narrated the development of mixtures of two or more carbon ions (C2 ̧) within the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. This paper thus comprises the energy required for CO2 photoreduction, the kinetics mechanisms and thermodynamics requirements. The reaction of CO with water and the hydrogenation of CO2 are covered to understand the gap of Gibb’s free energy between both of the reactions. Likewise, the summary of different metal-based co-catalysts, metal-free co-catalysts and their selectivity towards CO2 reduction by photocatalysis and reduction of CO2 into various hydrocarbons, fuel and materials have also been examined.

8

Thermodynamics and Kinetics Analysis on Carbothermic Reduction of Calcined Magnesite in Vacuum

Tang Qifeng, Ao Jinqing, Peng Biyou, Guo Biao, Yang Tao

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

1021--1026

EN

The carbothermic reduction of calcined magnesite in vacuum was studied. By thermodynamic analysis, the starting temperature of reduction reaction dropped from 2173 K to 1523 K when system pressure dropped from 1 atmosphere to 100 Pa. The experiments were carried out at different conditions under 10~100 Pa and the experimental results shown that the reduction extent of MgO improved by increasing the reaction temperature and time, the pellet forming pressure as well as adding fluoride as catalyst. The rate-determining step of carbothermic reduction process was gas diffusion with the apparent activation energy of 241.19~278.56 kJ/mol.

9

The kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium study of nickel and lead uptake using corn residues as adsorbent

Tejada-Tovar Candelaria, Villabona-Ortíz Ángel, Gonzalez-Delgado Angel Darío

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 48

197--204

EN

Agricultural residues rich in lignocellulosic biomass are low-cost and sustainable adsorbents widely used in water treatment. In the present research, thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium of nickel(II) and lead(II) ion biosorption were studied using a corncob (Zea mays). The experiments were performed in a batch system evaluating the effect of temperature and dose of adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to study the equilibrium. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were determined using kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich). Biosorbent characteristics were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic groups are the major contributors to the removal process. Besides, Pb(II) ions form micro-complexes on the surface of the biomaterial while Ni(II) ions form bonds with active centers. It was found that the highest Ni(II) removal yields were achieved at 0.02 g of adsorbent and 70°C, while the highest Pb(II) removal yields were achieved at 0.003 g and 55°C. A maximum Ni(II) adsorption capacity of 3.52 mg∙g–1 (86%) and 13.32 mg∙g–1 (94.3%) for Pb(II) was obtained in 250 and 330 min, respectively. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models best fit experimental data, and Langmuir and Freundlich models well describe the isotherm of the process. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔG0, ΔS0) suggest that the adsorption process of both cations is exothermic, irreversible, and not spontaneous.

10

Zrównoważone budownictwo; w poszukiwaniu przemiany prometejskiej

Czarnecki Lech, Deja Jan

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2021

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R. 77, nr 7

300--308

PL

Przedstawiono krytyczną analizę znaczenia elementów termodynamicznych w kształtowaniu zrównoważonego rozwoju w budownictwie. Przedstawiono współczesne wyzwania stojące przed wykorzystywanymi masowo materiałami, takimi jak beton i cement. Pokazano, jak na przestrzeni lat następuje rozwój betonu: nie przez substytucję, a przez modyfikacje. Na podstawie rzeczywistych danych z polskiego przemysłu cementowego pokazano, jak zmiany technologiczne, ograniczając zapotrzebowanie na energię cieplną w produkcji klinkieru portlandzkiego, próbują przesunąć barierę termodynamiczną całego procesu. Przedstawiono także krytyczne opinie na temat możliwości dokonania takich prometejskich zmian, wskazując jednak, że w wielu publikacjach pojawiają się stwierdzenia, że tylko te zmiany są zdolne wygenerować skokową zmianę w rozwoju ludzkości.

EN

This contribution is a critical analysis of the role of thermodynamic factors in shaping the sustainable development in building engineering. The actual challenges are presented on the example of concrete and cement – the commonly used materials. It has been found that the development of concrete technology occurs by modification, not by substitution. Taking into account the data supplied by Polish cement industry it is possible to reveal that the changes in the field of technology, aimed in the reduction of energy consumption for cement clinker production, replace the thermodynamic barrier of the process as a whole. In this contribution, the critical opinions relating to the possibility of Promethean evolution mentioned above are presented too. However, in many reports there is an idea that only these changes could generate a step change in the development of humanity.

11

Biosorption of Pb(II) by the resistant Enterobacter sp. : Investigated by kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics

Liu Lei, Xia Mengya, Hao Jianwen, Xu Haoxi, Song Wencheng

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2021

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Vol. 47, no. 3

28--36

EN

The Pb(II)-resistant bacterium was isolated from heavy metal-contained soils and used as a biosorbent to remove Pb(II). The strain was identified as Enterobacter sp. based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The effect of biosorption properties (pH value, Pb(II) concentration, bacterial concentration and temperature) on Pb(II) was investigated by batch experiments. Results of FTIR and XPS showed that the biosorption process mainly involved some oxygen-containing groups (-OH and -COOH groups). The experimental results and equilibrium data were fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively. The experimental biosorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model, and the maximum biosorption capacity was 40.75 mg/g at 298 K. The calculated ΔGо and ΔHо were –4.06 and 14.91(kJ/mol), respectively, which indicated that biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Results show that Enterobacter sp. will be an efficient biosorbent for Pb(II) removal.

12

Jak dobierać parametry obiegu chłodniczego?

Kamecki Piotr

Technika Chłodnicza i Klimatyzacyjna

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2020

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nr 1-2

25--26

PL

Wydaje się, że temat jest banalnie prosty, że użytkownicy mają odpowiednią wiedzę, aby swoje instalacje chłodnicze prowadzić optymalnie z niskim zużyciem energii. Jednak jeśli przyjrzymy się jak naprawdę one pracują to nieraz musimy przyznać, że do optymalnych warunków jest jeszcze bardzo daleko. Autor od kilkunastu lat zajmuje się m. in. działalnością szkoleniową i swoje wnioski wysnuwa także z rozmów z kursantami, którzy stosunkowo często po raz pierwszy słyszą jak dobierać parametry pracy swoich sprężarek. Warto zauważyć, że prawidłowe parametry muszą być określone już na etapie projektowania instalacji.

EN

At the first glance the question is very simple and it seems that the users have enough knowledge to operate their refrigerating plants with a low energy consumption. But in fact the working parameters are very often far from the optimal values. The author presents his conclusions based on his long training activity and questions of the participants. It is worth to notice that correct working parameters of any refrigeration system have to be determined already in the designing process.

13

Theoretical analysis of determining the thermal efficiency in engine with Atkinson cycle

Sikora Mieczysław, Orliński Piotr, Bednarski Mateusz, Wojs Marcin K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

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2019

|

z. 1/119

43--53

EN

In this work, the thermal efficiency in an engine with the Atkinson cycle was determined. The authorsof the work showed a significant increase in the overall efficiency of the engine operating according to the Atkinson cycle in relation to the engine working according to the Otto, Diesel and Sabathe cycles. The article presents the results of simulation studies on the efficiency of an internal combustion engine operating according to the Atkinson cycle and comparative cycles: Otto, Diesel, and Sabathe. The simulation tests were carried out taking into account the type of the theoretical working factor ofthe thermal cycles. The work has determined the degree of isobaric volume change in the Atkinson cycle and its influence on the theoretical efficiency of the cycle.

PL

W niniejszym artykule dokonano teoretycznej analizy wyznaczania sprawności ogólnej silnika cieplnego pracującego według obiegu Atkinsona. Autorzy pracy wykazali wystąpienie znaczącego wzrostu sprawności ogólnej silnika pracującego według obiegu Atkinsona w stosunku do silnika pracującego według obiegów Otto, Diesla i Sabathe’a. W artykule przedstawione zostały wyniki badań symulacyjnych dotyczących sprawności silnika spalinowego pracującego według obiegu Atkinsona oraz porównawczo obiegów: Otta, Diesla i Sabathe. Badania symulacyjne przeprowadzone zostały w uwzględnieniem rodzaju czynnika roboczego teoretycznego obiegu cieplnego. W pracy został wyznaczony stopień izobarycznej zmiany objętości w obiegu Atkinsona oraz jego wpływ na sprawność teoretyczną obiegu.

14

Analiza obiegów termodynamicznych opartych na acetonie

Mikielewicz Jarosław, Matysko Robert

Technika Chłodnicza i Klimatyzacyjna

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2019

|

nr 6-7

246--250

15

Przegląd elewacji z zastosowaniem przestrzeni wentylacyjnej w zakresie efektywności termicznej

Schabowicz Krzysztof, Zawiślak Łukasz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2019

|

R. 90, nr 7-8

97--102

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano współczesne systemy elewacji z zastosowaniem przestrzeni wentylacyjnej, tj. elewacje podwójne typu DSF i elewacje wentylowane. Skupiono się na analizie współczesnej wiedzy z zakresu efektywności termicznej tych elewacji oraz wykorzystania ich w klimacie umiarkowanym ze względu na oszczędności energii. Przeanalizowano również możliwość dalszego rozwoju elewacji z zastosowaniem przestrzeni wentylacyjnej.

EN

The article analyzes contemporary facade systems with ventilation space i.e. double skin façades and opaque ventilated façades. The article analyzes contemporary knowledge of thermal efficiency of these façades and their use in a temperate climate due to energy savings. The possibility of further development of such elevations was analyzed.

16

Analiza wytrzymałościowa MES podłogowych paneli grzejnych poddanych obciążeniom eksploatacyjnym

Kosiuczenko Krzysztof, Barnat Wiesław, Ciepielewski Radosław, Dybcio Paweł, Jagusiak Bogusław

Modelowanie Inżynierskie

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2019

|

T. 39, nr 70

56--61

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu była realizacja analizy wytrzymałościowej nowego systemu ogrzewania podłogowego wykorzystującego modułowe panele grzejne nowej generacji. Praca obejmowała analizę wpływu termicznych obciążeń eksploatacyjnych na właściwości mechaniczne paneli grzejnych. Realizowana była metodami numerycznymi z zastosowaniem metody elementów skończonych w programie PLM Femap oraz LS Dyna. Do zamodelowania właściwości materiałowych drewna użyto m.in. modelu materiału ortotropowego pn. Wood ( nr 143).

EN

The aim of this work was to carry out strength analysis of a new underfloor heating system using modular heating panels. The work included the analysis of the impact of thermal operating loads on the mechanical properties of new generation heating panels. It was implemented using numerical methods using the Finite Element Method in the PLM Femap program and LS Dyna. The material model Wood (143) available in the LS Dyna program was used to model wood material properties.

17

Microstructure Analysis of Equiatomic Multi-Component Ni20Ti20Ta20Co20Cu20 Alloy

Glowka K., Zubko M., Świec P., Prusik K., Dercz G., Stróż D.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

|

Vol. 64, iss. 2

785--789

EN

An equiatomic multi-component alloy Ni20Ti20Ta20Co20Cu20 (at.%) was obtained using vacuum arc melting. In order to characterize such an alloy, microstructure analysis has been performed using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, Electron Backscattered Diffraction, X-ray Diffraction and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy techniques. Microstructure analysis revealed the presence of one rhombohedral and two cubic phases. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy measurements revealed that both observed phases include five chemical elements in the structure. Using Rietveld refinement approach the lattice parameters were refined for the observed phases.

18

Experiences with gas engines during practical ship operations – impact of load fluctuations during generator operations on the ship’s power grid

Rother S., Watter H.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2018

|

nr 55 (127)

44--50

EN

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) qualifies as sustainable and secure marine fuel that is reliable in supply. The international standards (IGF Code) and classification regulations have been aligned. First experiences in ship operations and design are now available. Initial reports from the practical ship operations show that the lack of knowledge and misjudgements of original equipment manufacturers (OEM’s), suppliers, consulting services and flag state authorities have led to operational restrictions or expensive retrofitting. The aim of this paper is to illustrate first experiences and operating instructions using this new and different marine fuel; derive recommendations for instructions for education and training programmes at maritime colleges, universities and business partners; present action recommendations for future operational concepts.

19

Aspekt techniczny i ekonomiczny działań termomodernizacyjnych na charakterystykę cieplną budynku mieszkalnego. Część 2

Nieznalski K.

Technika Chłodnicza i Klimatyzacyjna

|

2018

|

nr 5

186--190

PL

W części pierwszej artykułu („TCHiK” nr 3/2018) przedstawione zostały wyniki obliczeń i wnioski dotyczące charakterystyki cieplnej dla wybranego, wolnostojącego budynku mieszkalnego. Na ich podstawie Autor ocenił, które przegrody budowlane tego obiektu wymagają szybkiej poprawy termicznej. W części drugiej publikacji zwrócona została uwaga na aspekt ekonomiczny termomodernizacji przyjętego do analizy domu. Podano w niej koszty przeprowadzenia tego procesu i spośród kilku rozważanych wariant wybrano najkorzystniejszy. Przedstawione zostało zapotrzebowanie na energię cieplną analizowanego budynku po jego termomodernizacji.

EN

In the first part of the paper („TCHiK” No 3/2018) calculation results and conclusions on thermal characteristic for the analysed building have been presented. The most urgent modernization actions have been pointed. In the second part the chosen variant of thermomodernization is discussed. Heat demand of the analysed building after modernization is determined.

20

Physicochemical study of dye removal using electro-coagulation-flotation process

El-Hosiny F. I., Abdel-Khalek M. A., Selim K. A., Osama I.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

|

Vol. 54, iss. 2

321--333

EN

The performance of electro-flotation with aluminum electrodes for the removal of different dyes from synthetic aqueous solutions and real wastewater was studied. Parameters affecting the electro-coagulation-flotation process, such as pH, initial dye concentration, treatment time and temperature were investigated. The maximum dye removal from synthetic solutions was achieved at pH 7. The order of the dye removals is nonionic>cationic>anionic. The removal process follows pseudo first-order kinetics and the adsorption follows both physical and chemical adsorptions which is exothermic. Negative values of entropy change, ΔS°, and Gibbs free energy change, ΔG°, indicate that this adsorption process is spontaneous and less favorable at high temperatures. Treatment of a real wastewater from textile dyeing factory showed that the removal efficiency was ranging between 92-99% for all constituents. The energy consumption is 0.0167 kWh/dm3.