Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Zastosowanie metod sztucznej inteligencji (AI) w procesach produkcji stali

Frydrych Karol, Tomczak Maciej, Jasiński Jarosław, Papanikolaou Stefanos

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2023

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nr 7-8

8--14

PL

Sztuczna inteligencja jest narzędziem, dla którego wciąż odkrywamy nowe zastosowania. W jaki sposób może wesprzeć procesy produkcji czy też obróbki stali?

2

Behavior of RC columns strengthened with steel jacket under static axial load

Ghoneim Abd Rahman Mujahid Ahmed, Mohamed Mohamed Mahmoud Ahmed, Haridy Kader, Ahmed Hazem, Pyram Mohmmad, Khalf Abdu

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 2

367--379

EN

The column is one of the most significant structural elements, which is designed to support mainly the compressive load. Strengthening of existing reinforced concrete columns is required to enhance ductility and increase load capacity to sustain the overload as sometimes there may be a change in use. Ten rectangular concrete columns were constructed and tested. H/b ratio was kept constant and equals 6 for all columns. The aim of this work is to study the behaviour and efficiency of RC columns strengthened with steel jackets subjected to axial load. An experimental study of the behaviour of ten strengthened concrete columns with slenderness ratio (H/b) equals 6 was carried out. Variables such as aspect ratio (t/b), the volume of steel batten plates, and spacing of steel batten plates at centres (S) were considered. The results showed that using this method of strengthening is very effective and an increase in the axial load capacity of the strengthened columns is obtained.

3

Experimental investigation of bond–slip behavior of between-anchored steel strips to concrete surface

Kopraman Yağmur, Özdemir Anil, Anil Özgür, Sakin Shaimaa, Armakan Furkan

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 4

art. no. e198, 2022

EN

Reinforced concrete and masonry structures may need strengthening or retrofitting for many different reasons. It is known that strengthening/retrofitting details developed with steel elements are used and widely preferred in these studies. Realistic knowledge of the bond–slip material model between the existing concrete surface and the steel strip in the strengthening/retrofitting details developed using steel strips is extremely important to determine the designed strengthened structural bearing capacity and load–displacement behavior. In the literature review, no study was found in which the bond–slip material model between concrete surfaces and steel strips was investigated extensively. For this reason, an experimental study was planned. In the experimental program, using a special axial tensile test setup designed by the authors, 72 test specimens were tested under the effect of monotonically increased axial tensile force. Axial load displacement, shear stress–shear displacement, and strain distribution values along the steel strip of the test specimens were obtained. It was interpreted how the results were affected by the experimental variables. An innovative bond–slip material model was proposed using the experimental results between the non-anchored and anchored steel strips and the concrete surface. It is thought that the bond–slip model between the developed steel strips and the concrete surface will be useful in the realistic calculation of the bearing capacity and general load–displacement behaviors of the strengthening/retrofitting details designed using steel strips. It can be used in finite element models. It can be used in finite element models. The increase in concrete compressive strength from 10 to 25 MPa increased the axial load maximum bearing capacity values of the steel strips by an average of 44%. The maximum bearing capacity values of the steel strips bonded with a 2 mm thickness epoxy layer were calculated by, on average of 86% higher than the test specimens bonded with 6 mm thickness epoxy. The maximum axial bearing forces of the test specimens in which the axial tensile force was applied concentrically were obtained on an average of 27% greater than the test specimens tested by applying eccentric loading. The maximum bearing capacity values of the test specimens with two anchors on the steel strips adhered to the concrete surface were obtained on an average of 42% higher than the non-anchored test specimens in which only epoxy was used. The maximum bearing capacity values of the test specimens with 400 mm steel strip adhesion length exhibited an average of 108% higher maximum bearing capacity values than the test specimens with 100 mm steel strip bond length.

4

Obróbka cieplna stali średniomanganowych dla motoryzacji

Grajcar Adam, Morawiec Mateusz, Skowronek Adam

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2019

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nr 7-8

12--18

PL

Nowoczesne materiały konstrukcyjne wykorzystywane w branży automotive powinny łączyć wysoką wytrzymałość z dobrą formowalnością – są to własności do niedawna wykluczające się. Z drugiej strony koszty produkcji muszą być relatywnie niskie, gdyż aspekt ekonomiczny jest niezwykle ważny w obecnych czasach. Wymienione własności wytrzymałościowe można uzyskać dzięki rozdrobnieniu ziarna, jak również wygenerowaniu w stali austenitu szczątkowego, którego przemiana powoduje znaczne umocnienie materiału podczas odkształcenia. Koszty produkcji maleją wraz z ograniczeniem zawartości drogich dodatków stopowych. Cechy te wykazują stale średniomanganowe.

EN

Advanced structural materials used in the automotive industry should combine high strength and good formability – a pair of properties which until recently were mutually exclusive. On the other hand, production costs must be relatively low because the economic aspect is extremely important nowadays. The mentioned strength properties can be obtained due to grain refinement as well as the generation of retained austenite in steel, which is transformed during deformation causing the significant strain hardening of the material. Production costs decrease with the reduction of the content of expensive alloying elements. These features are the domain of medium manganese steels.

5

Chłodzenie blach taśmowych ze stali wielofazowych dla motoryzacji

Grajcar Adam

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2019

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nr 5-6

95--99

PL

Nowoczesne wysoko wytrzymałe stale wielofazowe dla motoryzacji są produkowane w wąskich oknach technologicznych obróbki cieplnej lub cieplno-plastycznej. Typowe struktury dwufazowe lub wielofazowe wymagają kilkustopniowego chłodzenia z temperatury austenityzacji, niepełnej austenityzacji lub z temperatury końca walcowania na gorąco. Wymaga to dostosowania szybkości chłodzenia do kinetyki przemian fazowych austenitu przechłodzonego dla realizacji kolejnych przemian fazowych, tzn. ferrytycznej, bainitycznej czy martenzytycznej.

EN

Advanced high-strength multiphase steels for the automotive industry are produced in narrow technological windows of heat treatment or thermomechanical processing. Typical dual-phase or multiphase structures are subjected to a multi-step cooling from the austenitizing temperature, intercritical annealing temperature or finish rolling temperature. This requires to adjust the cooling rates to the kinetics of undercooled austenite phase transitions to realize successive phase transformations, i.e. ferritic, bainitic or martensitic. An isothermal holding step is very often needed within bainitic or martensitic transformations. Using universal laminar cooling lines is necessary.

6

Wpływ rodzaju ścierniwa zastosowanego do obróbki strumieniowo-ściernej na topografię powierzchni i wybrane cechy nakładanych powłok cynkowych i lakierniczych. Cz. 2

Burdek M.

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2017

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nr 3-4

106--108

PL

Celem badań była analiza wpływu obróbki powierzchniowo-ściernej blach niepowlekanych na wybrane cechy powłok cynkowych i lakierniczych. Badania wykonano z zastosowaniem cienkich blach ze stali niskowęglowej poddanych obróbce strumieniowo-ściernej, cynkowaniu ogniowemu i powlekaniu organicznemu. Jako ścierniwa stosowano elektrokorund zwykły, elektrokorund szlachetny i mikrokulki szklane w dwóch zakresach średnic. Badano chropowatość powierzchni blach, grubość powłok cynkowych i połysk powłok lakierniczych. Uzyskano powłoki cynkowe i lakiernicze o różnej topografii powierzchni i właściwościach.

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of the abrasive surface treatment of steel sheets on the selected properties of zinc and paint coatings. The examinations were carried out using thin low-carbon steel sheets subjected to abrasive blasting, then hot galvanizing and organic coating. Brown aloxite, white aloxite and glass beads in two diameter ranges were used as abrasive material. The surface topography was determined based on 3D roughness measurements. Zinc coatings of different thicknesses and organic coatings of diverse gloss were obtained.

7

Wpływ rodzaju ścierniwa zastosowanego do obróbki strumieniowo-ściernej na topografię powierzchni i wybrane cechy nakładanych powłok cynkowych i lakierniczych. Cz. 1

Burdek M.

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2017

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nr 1-2

42--46

PL

Celem badań była analiza wpływu obróbki powierzchniowo-ściernej blach niepowlekanych na wybrane cechy powłok cynkowych i lakierniczych. Badania wykonano z zastosowaniem cienkich blach ze stali niskowęglowej poddanych obróbce strumieniowo-ściernej, cynkowaniu ogniowemu i powlekaniu organicznemu. Jako ścierniwa stosowano elektrokorund zwykły, elektrokorund szlachetny i mikrokulki szklane w dwóch zakresach średnic. Badano chropowatość powierzchni blach, grubość powłok cynkowych i połysk powłok lakierniczych. Uzyskano powłoki cynkowe i lakiernicze o różnej topografii powierzchni i właściwościach.

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of the abrasive surface treatment of steel sheets on the selected properties of zinc and paint coatings. The examinations were carried out using thin low-carbon steel sheets subjected to abrasive blasting, then hot galvanizing and organic coating. Brown aloxite, white aloxite and glass beads in two diameter ranges were used as abrasive material. The surface topography was determined based on 3D roughness measurements. Zinc coatings of different thicknesses and organic coatings of diverse gloss were obtained.

8

Repairing and strengthening of elliptical paraboloid reinforced concrete shells with openings

Meleka N. N., Safan M. A., Bashandy A. A., Abd-Elrazek A. S.

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 59, nr 3

401--420

EN

This investigation is carried out to evaluate the repair and strengthening the techniques of elliptical paraboloid reinforced concrete shells with openings. An experimental program of several different techniques in repair and strengthening is executed. The materials, which are considered for strengthening, are; Glass fiber reinforced polymers GFRP at different position of the shell bottom surface, steel strip and external tie. They loaded by four concentrated loads affected on the corners of the opening. The initial and failure loads as well as the crack propagation for the tested shells at different loading stages, defl ections and failure load for repaired and shells are recorded. A non-linear computer program based on finite element techniques is used to study the behavior of these types of shells. Geometric and materials nonlinearities are considered in the analysis. The efficiency and accuracy of computer program are verifi ed by comparing the program results with those obtained experimentally for the control shell with opening and strengthened shells.

9

Influence of heat treatment on the Al-Si coating adhesion to steel strips

Żaba K.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 10, iss. 3 spec.

17--22

EN

A division of methods of coatings adhesion investigations, with special emphasis on qualitative methods is presented in the paper. The obtained results the Al-Si coating adhesion to a steel strips of DX52D grade are given. This strip was examined before and after the heat treatment in temperatures 250-700oC during 30-1440 minutes. Methods of thermal shock, bending, filing, network of cuts and tensile were applied in examinations. The assessment of the method adequacy was performed. Structure changes of coatings due to the heat treatments are presented as observations made by the scanning electron microscope.

10

Przeprowadzenie prób i badań laboratoryjnych pod kątem doboru obróbki cieplnej taśm i pasów stalowych walcowanych na zimno

Maciosowski A., Radwański K., Gazdowicz J., Cesarz S.

Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza

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2009

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T. 61, nr 3

54-56

PL

Celem pracy było określenie możliwości zastąpienia obróbki cieplnej taśm i pasów ze stali konstrukcyjnych i narzędziowych polegającej na hartowaniu i następnym odpuszczaniu w ołowiu, procesem hartowania izotermicznego i/lub wydłużonego chłodzenia w sprężonym azocie. W tym celu przeprowadzono w warunkach przemysłowych Przeróbki Plastycznej na Zimno - Baildon Sp. z o.o. próby hartowania i odpuszczania taśm i pasów wykorzystując dotychczas stosowaną technologię oraz próby wydłużonego ich chłodzenia sprężonym azotem. W warunkach laboratoryjnych wykonano obróbkę cieplną taśm polegającą na hartowaniu izotermicznym. Uzyskane wyniki badań taśm/pasów chłodzonych z temperatury austenityzowania azotem, wskazują, że możliwe jest uzyskiwanie porównywalnych właściwości mechanicznych i twardości taśm i pasów do właściwości mechanicznych i twardości taśm/pasów hartowanych i odpuszczanych w ołowiu.

EN

The purpose of the work was to define the possibilities to replace heat treatment of strips and belts from constructional and tool steel, which was quenched followed by tempering in lead bath, with isothermal hardening and/or elongated cooling in compressed nitrogen. In this purpose, the hardening and tempering tests using the currently applied technology as well as tests of elongated cooling with compressed nitrogen were carried out under the industrial conditions of Przeróbka Plastyczna na Zimno - Baildon Sp. z o.o. The heat treatment of strips, which was isothermal hardening, was performed under the laboratory conditions. The obtained results of testing strips/belts cooled from the nitrogen austenitising temperature show that it is possible to obtain mechanical properties and hardness of the strips and belts comparable to those of the strips/belts hardened and tempered in lead bath.

11

Effect of cold rolling and annealing on mechanical properties of HSLA steel

Schindler I., Janosec M., Mistecky E., Ruzicka M., Cizek L., Dobrzański L. A., Rusz S., Suchanek P.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 36, nr 1

41-47

EN

Purpose: was to examine effect of the parameters of cold deformation and recrystallization annealing on mechanical properties of a Nb-microalloyed HSLA steel. Design/methodology/approach: Research of strip steel QStE 420 was based on a combination of laboratory cold rolling, recrystallization annealing in vacuum furnace, mechanical (particularly tensile) tests and metallographic analyses. Findings: It was validated that by a sophisticated combination of size of previous cold reduction size and parameters of the following annealing it is possible to impact markedly a set of final properties of particular strips. Formability of the studied HSLA steel rises and vice versa strength properties fall with an increasing temperature of annealing. Research limitations/implications: The experiment should be supplemented by additional TEM analyses explaining the behaviour and role of precipitates. Practical implications: The experimentally obtained particular trends of mechanical properties may be utilized for optimization of conditions of heat treatment of the investigated HLSA steel in a cold strip rolling mill, reflecting the specific requirements for a relation between strength and plastic properties. Originality/value: Experimental potentialities of the Institute of Modelling and Control of Forming Processes in the sphere of cold rolling and heat treatment were introduced in their integrity for the first time.

12

Ocena jakości taśmy stalowej z powłoką Al-Si, przeznaczonej na rury zgrzewane

Żaba K.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

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2008

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R. 53, nr 11

680-694

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań stalowych taśm z powłoką Al-Si w stanie dostawy, przeznaczonych na zgrzewanie rury, wykorzystywane jako elementy układów wydechowych. Badaniom poddano taśmy z gatunku DX52D+AS120 i DX53D+AS120. Określono skład chemiczny, własności mechaniczne taśm, ich grubość, chropowatość i grubość powłoki. Dodatkowo wykonano badania przyczepności, odporności korozyjnej oraz odporności powłoki na działanie cykli cieplnych. Wyniki przedstawiono za pomocą narzędzi dostępnych w profesjonalnym programie Statistica oraz obserwacji makro- i mikroskopowych.

EN

The input materials for manufacturing welded tubes for elements of exhaust systems (strictly correlated and dependent from diameter and wall thickness of the manufactured tubes) are coiled, narrow strips, usually hot rolled (of very good surface quality), and, in case of precise tubes, cold rolled, of thickness determined by wall thickness of ready tubes. This input, directly after transferring to the technological line, is subjected to mechanical processing of edges and joined into an endless strip in the way of cross-wise welding of following coils. Furtherly, in a continuous line, the strip is formed into a tube, welded, calibrated and cut. For production of tubes provided for exhaust systems, strips of low-carbon steel or chromic seel are used. In the hereby work, two grades of steel strips with silumine coating - DX52D+AS120 and DX53D+AS120 - were subjected to detailed tests. The silumine coating is produced in the way of hot dip galvanizing, by submersion in a liquid Al-Si alloy, containing ca. 8-11 % Si. Addition of silicon significantly increases the resistance against performance of high temperatures and decreases problems connected with coating. A characteristic feature of this specific material is the presence of Al-Fe-Si diffusive layer between the metal and the coating, possessing good influence on adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coating. Simultaneously, increase of thickness of this layer, as well as of the thickness of the coating, results in decreasing material's capability for deforming. The work presents results of tests of delivered steel strips with Al-Si coating, provided for welded tubes applied as elements of exhaust systems. The chemical composition, mechanical properties, thickness and porosity of the steel strips, as well as the thickness of the coating, have been determined. Additionally, researches of coating resistance against performance of heat cycles, adhesion and corrosion resistance have been conducted. Results were presented by application of tools available in the professional Statistica program, as well as micro- and macroscope observations.

13

Numeric calculation process of expression springy piston's ring from steel tape

Kaźmierczak A., Ożga E., Zabłocki W.

Journal of KONES

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2007

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Vol. 14, No. 2

234-238

EN

In article shortened description of technology was introduced forming of elements of springy multiple oil rings of combustions' engines and numeric model used to calculation of deformations and loads in tape. In calculation, theoretical model of nonlinear inelastic material was applied, with bilinear isotropic hardening model. Results of calculations were shown. In particularly springy element of oil ring type Hastings, forming device of springy elements type Hastings, set of two element for forming device of springy Hastings ring, view of one elements expression part device type Hastings, diagram of folding device, geometrical model of folding device, finite element model of folding device, graph of load function, view of deformed tape model, contours view notes stresses in fragment of tape are presented in the paper. Presenting research are result of realization of one of topics of the purpose project concerning implementation of prototype technology of piston rings of combustion engines accomplished by FPT "Prime" S.A. and the Wroclaw University of Technology.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono skrócony opis technologii formowania elementów sprężystych wieloczęściowych pierścieni olejowych silników spalinowych oraz model numeryczny tego procesu wykorzystywany do obliczania odkształceń i obciążeń w taśmie. W obliczeniach zastosowano teoretyczny model materiału sprężysto - plastycznego bilinearny, z modelem kinematycznego umocnienia. Pokazano wyniki przykładowych obliczeń. W szczególności w artykule przedstawiono element sprężysty typu Hastnigs pierścienia olejowego, Urządzenie do tłoczenia elementów sprężystych typu Hastings, zespół dwóch tłoczników urządzenia do tłoczenia elementów sprężystych typu Hastings, zbliżenie części roboczej jednego z tłoczników urządzenia do tłoczenia elementów sprężystych typu Hastings, rysunek fałdownika, schemat geometryczny fałdownika, model dyskretny fałdownika, przebieg funkcji obciążenia, widok odkształconego modelu fragmentu taśmy, warstwice naprężeń węzłowych modelu fragmentu taśmy. Prezentowane badania są efektem realizacji jednego z zadań projektu celowego dotyczącego wdrożenia technologii prototypowych pierścieni tłokowych silników spalinowych realizowanego przez FPT "Prima" S.A. oraz Politechnikę Wrocławską.

14

Influence of cold rolling and annealing on mechanical properties of steel QStE 420

Schindler I., Janošec M., Místecký E., Růžička M., Čížek L., Dobrzański L. A., Rusz S., Suchánek P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 18, nr 1-2

231--234

EN

Purpose: was to investigate impact of cold reduction size and annealing on mechanical properties of HSLA steel. Design/methodology/approach: Testing of strip steel QStE 420 was based on a combination of cold rolling, recrystallization annealing, mechanical testing and metallographic analyses. Findings: It was confirmed that by a suitable combination of size of previous cold deformation and parameters of the following annealing it is possible to influence considerably a complex of mechanical properties of particular strips. Strength properties were more or less decreasing with the rising annealing temperature, whereas plastic properties were increasing. Research limitations/implications: The experiment should be supplemented by additional modes of soft- and recrystallization annealing. Practical implications: The results may be utilized for optimization of terms of heat treatment in a cold rolling mill, exactly in accordance with specific requirements for a relation between plastic and strength properties of the investigated material. Originality/value: Research possibilities of VSB-TUO in the sphere of cold rolling were introduced for the first time.

15

Naprężenia własne w procesie wieloprzepustowego walcowania na zimno taśm stalowych

Marczak Z., Burdek M.

Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza

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2000

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T. 53, z. 3

3-7

PL

Określono rozkład naprężeń własnych w taśmach stalowych walcowanych z takim samym odkształceniem całkowitym, lecz przy zmiennej liczbie przepustów. Przedstawiono metodę pomiaru naprężeń własnych przez wiercenie płaskiego otworu centralnego. Wyznaczono rozkłady naprężeń własnych badanych taśm stalowych, charakteryzujące odmienne amplitudy i obszary zmiany znaku. Stwierdzono, że sposób odkształcania wywiera wpływ na stan naprężeń wyrobu, co można wykorzystać do bezpośredniej poprawy własności wyrobów w czasie ich wytwarzania.

EN

Internal stress distributions were determined in steel strips after cold rolling with constant total reduction produced in variable number of passes. A technique of drilling of a central flat hole was developed for the purpose. It was found that stress distributions varies with regard to the amplitudes and locations of change in sign. It was concluded that stress distribution in steel strips could be controlled by selection of the method of deformation.