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Odsalanie wody morskiej wykorzystując proces destylacji membranowej : możliwości i szanse

Gontarek-Castro Emilia

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2024

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[Z] 78, 3-4

303--320

PL

Problem dostępu do czystej wody na świecie staje się coraz bardziej poważny. Rozwój nowych zasobów wodnych jest kluczowy dla zapewnienia wystarczającej ilości wody pitnej dla ludzi i zwierząt, a także do zaspokojenia potrzeb przemysłowych, rolniczych i innych sektorów gospodarki. Istnieje wiele innowacyjnych rozwiązań, które mogą pomóc w rozwiązaniu tego problemu. Destylacja membranowa (ang. membrane distillation, MD) to obiecująca technologia odsalania wody morskiej ze względu na zdolność przetwarzania wód o wysokim zasoleniu i możliwość wykorzystania ciepła odpadowego lub alternatywnych źródeł energii. Jednakże, praktyczne zastosowania membran do MD są ograniczone przez niski przepływ pary wodnej i problem z porastaniem i zanieczyszczeniami na membranie. Z tego powodu, w ostatnim czasie wzrosło zainteresowanie opracowywaniem nowych materiałów membranowych o zwiększonej hydrofobowości w celu poprawy wydajności odsalania. Niniejsza praca, przedstawia przegląd danych literaturowych dotyczących destylacji membranowej, możliwości jej zastosowania i szans na jej transformację zgodnie z zasadami zielonej chemii i zrównoważonego rozwoju.

2

Proposal of an Encapsulation-led Disposal Method for Tannery Sludge – a Circularity Approach

Saravanan Jeyabarathi, Venkateswara Rao Polisetty, Pulijala Bhavani, Ravindran T., Venkata Siva Sai G. C.

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2024

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Vol. 34, no. 1

47--75

EN

In the context of achieving sustainable development goals, continuously pushing possible extended research and attempting to implement the respective outcomes in expanding a circular economy for a broad range of products are high priorities. In this paper, we considered disposable tannery sludge as a matter of concern and proposed an innovative framework for placing tannery sludge in the economic value chain via an encapsulation technique-based construction product development. We used polypropylene plastic and a cement-water matrix as encapsulation materials, and the encapsulated tannery sludge bodies were tested for their drop strength, water absorbing behaviour, ability to leach chromium and tendency to lose weight upon ignition. Value of water absorption for the prepared double layered encapsulated tannery sludge bodies was 1.332%, the drop strength performance index arrived was 90% and 0.0001 µg/g of Chromium leaching was found in Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and shown 67% weight loss in thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The results confirmed the possibility of ecocompatible disposal and recirculation of tannery sludge for the sustainable production of building blocks in the form of encapsulated bodies. The outcomes of our work add upon a new perspective to the existing literature regarding the environmentally positive utilization of tannery sludge in the production of building blocks.

3

Strategic management in conditions of uncertainty

Dźwigoł Henryk, Dźwigoł-Barosz Mariola

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 168

119--131

EN

Purpose: to analyse the variables influencing the construction of a new approach in the strategic management process of an enterprise operating under uncertainty. As a theoretical background for the research, the 'valued' concepts related to business management occurring in the global economy were used, i.e. the concepts of knowledge economy, network organisation, sustainable development, time management and social participation. Design/methodology/approach: it is necessary to use methods in practice for research in management science based on observation of facts and the classification used in the methodology of inductive sciences such as: • observation carried out under natural conditions and interaction with the companies under investigation, • observation-intervention which takes place within the framework of transformation activities in companies, and the researcher has a direct influence on the decisions made in this respect. This implies the need to combine scientific and practical objectives. Findings: The market has forced a move away from the traditional business management approach to task-focused teams, where today's boss may be his subordinate's subordinate tomorrow, because that is better for the objectives of a particular project. These groups will be interdisciplinary, according to the nature of the task, and their participants will gain a pretty good knowledge of what the other partners are up to and will be prepared enough to replace them with dignity in forced situations. This approach offers an opportunity for the company to adapt more quickly to dynamic changes in the environment. Research limitations/implications: The research should address the development of a tool to support the selection of methods and approaches for the strategic management process under uncertainty. Practical implications: The authors have identified only some of the determinants of strategic management under uncertainty, such as the knowledge economy, sustainable development, network structure in the enterprise, time management, soft factors in the management process under uncertainty - emotional intelligence. The research should not only develop new approaches in the process of strategic management, but also identify management methods that should primarily be applied under conditions of uncertainty. Originality/value: In the conditions of pandemics and wars, it is necessary to develop a flexible approach to the process of strategic corporate management. It is also necessary to develop or modify existing management methods for these difficult times of dynamic change in the environment.

4

Smart mobility in smart city – Copenhagen and Barcelona comparision

Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 172

679--697

EN

Purpose: The goal of the paper is to analyze the main differences between the smart mobility idea implementation in Copenhagen and Barcelona. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: The papers compares the smart mobility solutions implemented in Copenhagen and Barcelona, two cities that have developed comprehensive and innovative transportation systems. While both cities have sustainable, efficient, and convenient transportation systems, they differ in their focus and governance structure. Copenhagen is a leading city in sustainable transportation, with a strong focus on cycling infrastructure and an integrated public transportation system. On the other hand, Barcelona focuses on reducing traffic congestion and improving air quality, with innovative solutions such as a low-emission zone and a smart parking system. Additionally, Copenhagen has a highly centralized governance structure, while Barcelona adopts a more decentralized approach, engaging citizens and stakeholders in transportation decision-making. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of differences between Copenhagen and Barcelona in the case of smart mobility implementation.

5

Smart City trends and innovations shaping the future of cities

Okello Janet Awino, Akoko John Ayieko

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

553--561

EN

Purpose: To highlight the current smart city trends and innovations that will shape the future of modern cities. Design/methodology/approach: This article review is based on a theoretical literature review on the idea of smart city trends and innovations globally. The theoretical approach was based on published journals, government sources, and other sources. Findings: Human needs as well as the development of electronic-based projects for urban areas have evolved over the years. Environmental pollution has caused a drastic change in climate, urbanization happening rapidly, and more pandemics are expected in the future. But with modern technology advancements, it's important for public institutions and private entities to collaborate to make cities more sustainable. Smart energy solutions, urban planning, and smart health communities are important to smart city trends that can help to significantly transform urban centers. Originality/value: the presented review paper provides a current realistic overview of the innovations and trends implemented for smart city projects. They are implemented in some of the major cities of the world and their influence is important in shaping the lives of urban residents and the future of cities.

6

Key indicators as a source of analysis of the level of progress of sustainable development

Czerwińska Karolina, Pacana Andrzej, Kudelas Dušan

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 172

151--164

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyze the importance of the issue and the level of sustainable development in the context of the functioning of Poland and Slovakia against the background of the European Union, based on a system of indicators, and to analyze the level of implementation of selected sustainable development goals by these countries. Design/methodology/approach: The research process was based on the diagnostic survey method. The techniques used for data collection were content analysis and desk research. The study covered the years 2000-2021. Findings: Both in theory and in practice, a problem has been recognized, namely that the surveillance methods developed are fraught with various disadvantages (e.g., standardization or uniformity of data for all EU countries). Within the framework of each of the examined indicators (from the area of SDG7, SDG8, SDG9), Poland showed a rise in the ranking of EU member states between 2000 and 2021. Slovakia, on the other hand, only in relation to the indicator of ross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector (SDG9) showed a decline in placement. Research limitations/implications: A limitation of the study's implementation is the potential constraints on the availability of the data needed to calculate indicators to monitor the degree to which the Sustainable Development Goals are being met. Practical implications: The results of the research will positively influence the planning of further activities by both the analyzed countries, Poland and Slovakia. The results of the research provide constructive information that may prove useful for the development of future strategic plans related to the implementation of the goals of the concept of sustainable development. Originality/value: The study fills a research gap in the field of comparative analysis of selected spectra of Poland and Slovakia against the background of the European Union in the context of the implementation of sustainable development goals (Development Agenda 2030).

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Industry 5.0 as a new concept of development within high volatility environment: about the industry 5.0 based on political and scientific studies

Gajdzik Bożena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

255--279

EN

Purpose: the aim of the paper is to present the frameworks of Industry 5.0 in a labile environment. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, the notion of a dynamic environment was used, due to the speed of the changes taking place in economies and society, which could be anticipated and proactive measures taken. The pandemic, whose impact was experienced worldwide, changed the environment, which took economies, societies and businesses by surprise. Such an unpredictable, unstable environment is called environmental volatility. Design/methodology/approach: After COVID-19 instability has prevailed in many areas of human activities and societies, as well as in businesses and economies. The strongly popularised, for more than a decade, the concept of Industry 4.0 was transformed. In the new reality more important there were socio-economic and environmental problems. In the new concept called Industry 5.0 three aspects are important: human factors, resilience and sustainability. The above-mentioned aspects were included by the European Commission in the document: “Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European Industry”. The document was published in January 2021. The idea of Industry 5.0 refers to the concept of Society 5.0 in the labile environment after the COVID-19. The paper was realized based on the SLR method. The author used the bibliometrics of scientific publications about Industry 5.0 available in the scientific database Scopus. Findings: This paper presents the policy assumptions of Industry 5.0 based on studies from the political documents and scientific papers. The first scientific publications on Industry 5.0 were registered in scientific databases in 2016. Originality/value The presented frameworks of the Industry 5.0 based on literature review complemented (expanded) the understanding of the European development policy presented in the document: Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry (European Commission, Brussels, Manuscript completed in January 2021).

8

Environmental and social aspects of corporate sustainability as perceived by consumers – a case study of clothing brands

Radzymińska Monika, Garbowska Bożena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 168

393--407

EN

Purpose: Competing for a limited number of socially conscious consumers and the appearance of new generations on the market forces a continuous addition of knowledge concerning pro-environmental and pro-social consumer attitudes and behaviour. Therefore, the present study attempts to: - identify the type of actions taken within the framework of sustainable development by selected clothing brands, - assess the pro-environmental and pro-social attitudes of young consumers purchasing clothing, - determine whether environmental and social aspects are a criterion for clothing choice among young consumers. Design/methodology/approach: Two approaches were used in the research. In the first stage of the research, messages posted on the websites of selected clothing brands were analysed. In the second, a quantitative study was conducted among young consumers (n = 218) by indirect online survey measurement, using a survey questionnaire embedded in a Google form. Findings: Young consumers present positive pro-environmental and pro-social attitudes. According to the respondents, the social commitment of companies influences the positive image and popularity of their products. However, almost half of all consumers presented an ambivalent or negative attitude towards paying more for the purchase of goods whose producers are involved in philanthropic and pro-environmental activities. This suggests that, in the view of this segment of respondents, it is the traders who should take financial responsibility for their actions by not raising the prices of the products they sell. Concern for others by purchasing socially committed brands and the environmental friendliness of the product were shown to rank lower in the hierarchy of clothing choice factors. Research limitations: The research was conducted on a narrow subject basis, so the results obtained cannot be generalised to the young consumer segment. The scope of the presented research is also limited. The results of the research should be regarded as a pilot study. Practical implications: The findings are of relevance to managers in charge of sustainability campaigns for clothing brands. They point to the need for further education aimed at shaping altruistic and pro-environmental attitudes. Originality/value: This study highlights that sustainability encompasses a range of activities with different ways of communicating values to consumers.

9

Development of the public infrastructure of EV charging stations in Poland

Pawłowski Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

563--573

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the development of the public EV charging station infrastructure in Poland, at the same time attempting to identify any dysfunctional areas of the process. Design/methodology/approach: A critical analysis of the domestic and foreign research outputs regarding the importance and development of public charging station infrastructures. An analysis of secondary data derived from statistics reports which show the level of development of the public charging station infrastructure in Poland in the 2019-2022 period. Findings: Based on the completed research it was found that the development of the public charging station infrastructure in Poland was quite dynamic. Nevertheless, an in-depth analysis of this direction of development makes it possible to identify potential problems and imperfections of that process. The most significant and accentuated problems include: (1) the disproportionately lower growth rate of the number of public charging stations in relation to the vehicle fleet electrification rate; (2) the dominating share of AC charging stations in the public charging station infrastructure, which offer a lower power level translating into longer vehicle charging times; (3) the uneven spatial distribution of the public charging station infrastructure. Practical implications: Being aware of the direction of development of the public charging station infrastructure is extremely important when it comes to formulating and implementing subsequent investment projects and business models on the market. Originality/value: Public charging station infrastructures - due to the relatively short history of operation - constitute a relatively new object of studies in economic sciences.

10

Assessment of knowledge of young users and their views on e-mobility

Sendek-Matysiak Ewelina, Lewicki Wojciech, Łosiewicz Zbigniew, Homik Wojciech

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 4

59--72

EN

The European Union is set to become the world’s first climate-neutral continent in 2050. Achieving such an ambitious goal requires cross-cutting measures in all key sectors of the economy, including transport, which is one of the main sources of emissions in Member States, including Poland. Electromobility is a key instrument for reducing the negative impact of transport on climate and the environment. The current automotive market in Poland, for the most part, is made up of old combustion engine cars. The average age of a passenger car in Poland in 2021 was 14.5 years, 0.2 years more than in 2020. An important point to note is that in 2021, nearly twice as many used cars were imported into Poland as new cars were sold, and this was 11.3% higher than the figure recorded in 2020. At the same time, 48% of the cars were equipped with diesel engines. Thus, it is reasonable to identify the current state of knowledge of e-mobility and its assessment by young consumers (18- to 25-year-olds). How they perceive such vehicles is of great importance. Young buyers are a special group in the automotive market - their purchasing preferences will determine the nature of the car market in the future, including whether it will be zero-emission. Learning about the opinions of young consumers is important. On the one hand, it allows knowledge to be gained about the beliefs, feelings, and level of interest in this type of car and the actions young people want to take regarding purchase and use. On the other hand, knowledge of their attitudes towards electric cars can be the basis for creating more relevant information messages. Such information may also be significant for companies and institutions involved in introducing electric cars to the Polish market and those interested in the issues of new technologies in Poland.

11

The sustainable impact of the use of science based targets in organisations

Carvalho Afonso, Sá José Carlos, Correia Florbela, McDermott Olivia, Dinis-Carvalho José, Fonseca Luís

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2023

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Vol. 5, iss. 1

231--239

EN

Due to the increase in gas emissions and the growth of environmental problems globally, companies are striving to reduce their emissions and waste products in order to become more sustainable and preserve the environment. In order to solve this problem, an initiative called Science Based Targets has been created with the aim of defining targets and paths for companies to follow in order to reduce their carbon footprints. This article will analyse the impact that adherence to this initiative has had on companies' sustainability. To obtain the data, a survey was sent to Portuguese companies. It was concluded that in general Science Based Targets contribute to the sustainable development of organisations, however it is still a very recent initiative which has had low uptake by Portuguese companies.

12

Operational resilience regarding safety and security aspects of industrial automation and control systems

Kosmowski Kazimierz T.

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2023

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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2023

99--116

EN

This chapter addresses selected issues concerning shaping resilience of the industrial automation and control systems (IACS). Such systems play nowadays a key role in safety and security of hazardous industrial installations and critical infrastructure networks due to a considerable attack surface. Productivity, safety, and security management is becoming now more and more challenging due to dynamic changes in business conditions, limited access to energy sources at accepted costs, adverse environment, pandemic consequences, difficulties in maintaining reliable and timely supply chains, etc. In situation of significant uncertainty and interrelated systems involved, a reasonable approach to achieve adopted goals is to elaborate a rational strategy of sustainable development to be combined with shaping resilience of relevant systems in life cycle. It concerns any organisation that governs for instance an industrial company and its manufacturing system, or a state institution responsible for critical infrastructure development. In this chapter shaping operational resilience of industrial control systems regarding basic functional safety and cybersecurity requirements is outlined.

13

Long life pavements with recycled concrete in unbound granular layers

Golkowski Gudrun

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2023

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Vol. 22, no. 4

413--422

EN

The construction of unbound granular layers (UGLs) in pavement construction is mainly based on empiric knowledge of the behaviour of natural aggregates. Is it possible to transfer this behaviour to the performance of recycled materials in UGLs? In an in-situ test-section, divided into 12 sub-sections, BASt has evaluated the performance of UGL made from recycled concrete and different percentages of recycled bricks in comparison to an UGL of natural aggregates for ten years. The data analysis of regularly executed Falling Weight Deflectometer measurements show a sufficient bearing capacity according to the requirements for all different sub-sections. There are nevertheless significant differences due to the composition of the UGLs in the different sub-sections. Regardless of a sufficient bearing capacity other damage has become noticeable. Transversal cracks appeared after a first severe winter and during the next years in the sub-sections with a high percentage of recycled concrete in the UGL. The observed number of cracks correlates strongly with the composition of the UGLs. For a long service life of such pavements, however, an adopted structure and a better determination of their performance in laboratory trials have then been taken into account with regard to the post-hardening behaviour of recycled materials to avoid early damage.

PL

Konstrukcja niezwiązanych warstw ziarnistych (UGL) w budowie nawierzchni opiera się głównie na empirycznej wiedzy na temat zachowania kruszyw naturalnych. Czy możliwe jest przeniesienie tego zachowania na wydajność materiałów pochodzących z recyklingu w UGL? W sekcji testowej in-situ, podzielonej na 12 podsekcji, BASt ocenił wydajność UGL wykonanego z betonu z recyklingu i różnych procentów cegieł z recyklingu w porównaniu do UGL z kruszyw naturalnych przez dziesięć lat. Analiza danych z regularnie wykonywanych pomiarów ugięciomierzem wykazała wystarczającą nośność zgodnie z wymaganiami dla wszystkich różnych podsekcji. Istnieją jednak znaczące różnice wynikające ze składu UGL w różnych podsekcjach. Niezależnie od wystarczającej nośności zauważalne stały się inne uszkodzenia. Pęknięcia poprzeczne pojawiły się po pierwszej silnej zimie i w kolejnych latach na pododcinkach z wysokim udziałem betonu z recyklingu w UGL. Zaobserwowana liczba pęknięć silnie koreluje ze składem UGL. Aby jednak zapewnić długą żywotność takich nawierzchni, należy wziąć pod uwagę przyjętą konstrukcję i lepsze określenie ich wydajności w badaniach laboratoryjnych w odniesieniu do zachowania po utwardzeniu materiałów pochodzących z recyklingu, aby uniknąć wczesnych uszkodzeń.

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15-minute city – Genesis – inspiration – realisation. Introduction to research in a form of overview

Fronczak Monika

PUA Przestrzeń Urbanistyka Architektura

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2023

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Vol. 1

139--155

EN

The article serves as an introductory review to research on the concept of the fifteen-minute city, accompanied by the author’s commentary. It discusses the origins of the idea, rooted in the sustainable design movement and the New Urbanism. It presents inspirations stemming from technological advancements and socio-economic transformations. The author analyzes pilot implementations of the concept in European cities and highlights the need for further exploration in the development of the idea.

PL

Artykuł stanowi wstęp do badań nad koncepcją miasta piętnastominutowego w formie przeglądu opatrzonego komentarzem autorki. Omawia genezę pomysłu, którego korzenie sięgają nurtu projektowania zrównoważonego i Nowego Urbanizmu. Przedstawia inspiracje wynikające z rozwoju technologicznego czy przemian społeczno-gospodarczych. Autorka analizuje pilotażowe formy wdrożenia idei w miastach europejskicho oraz wskazuje na potrzebę dalszych poszukiwań w zakresie rozwoju idei.

15

Science Based Targets and the factors contributing to the sustainable development of an organisation from a Literature review to a conceptual model

Sá José Carlos, Carvalho Afonso, Fonseca Luís, Santos Gilberto, Dinis-Carvalho José

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 3

241-253

EN

Sustainable development is a subject of intense discussion, mainly due to climate change, pollution, and increased waste, among other factors. The governments of various countries worldwide have been setting environmental targets for emissions and consumption to combat climate change and improve the state of our planet. Therefore, it is necessary to have an environmental policy with stakeholder engagement. The literature review method, bibliometric analysis, and visual mappings were applied to understand how these sustainable targets are formulated and used by companies to comply with the limits proposed by governments. The Web of Science platform allowed data collection about Lean and Green, Key Performance Indicators (KPI), and Science-Based Targets (SBT). The carried analyses identified the most relevant papers using the PRISMA method, including their authors, their temporal distribution, and a correlation map using the VOSviewer tool. Hence, mapping the current state of the art concerning the SBT topic. Furthermore, a novel conceptual model is proposed to integrate lean and green and create new KPI applied to the definition of SBT to give companies a path and tools to achieve the climate targets efficiently. Future research should focus on the implementation of the conceptual model in several companies to understand its impact to correct and improve the conceptual model proposed.

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Sustainable Development and Sustainable Science. Where We Came From, Where We Are Now and Where We Are Heading? Part II: An In-Depth Analysis of the Concept of Sustainable Development

Drastichová Magdaléna

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2023

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Vol. 18, nr 1

9--27

EN

The concept of sustainable development (SD) is broad and moreover, it is often interchangeably used with the more general, but sometimes also more specific, concept of sustainability. The concept of SD is analysed on the basis on its development (analysed in the first part: Drastichová, 2022) and relationships with sustainability and related scientific (theoretical) and practical concepts. The rationale behind this work lies in clarifying the meaning of SD, including the concept of sustainability, and, on the basis of this, identifying the main ways of moving closer towards the aims of SD, including quality of life and wellbeing. The limitations of the concept are identified and summarized, as are the alternatives to SD and sustainability. The rationale behind this work lies not only in the clarifying of the SD concept, but also in the normative evaluation of this concept in relation to the wellbeing and quality of life of the Earth’s population for an infinite time period, while maintaining the supply of ecosystem services which the planet provides, taking into account that these resources are not only a source of people’s wellbeing, but are essential for people’s survival in general. Hence, this work includes an in-depth sophisticated consideration of the SD concept based on its historical development, as well as normative assessments of the concept resulting from this knowledge. Alternative concepts and the possibilities of sustain-ability science are also summarized. A significant effort has been made to identify the relationships of the SD concept with sustainability and to the main related scientific (theoretical) and practical concepts, as well as to the alternative concepts to them. These outcomes were again obtained from a detailed analysis of history and relevant scientific works. Finally, a possible design of the SD concept is outlined on the basis of the analysis and synthesis of the knowledge.

PL

Pojęcie zrównoważonego rozwoju (SD) jest szerokie i często stosowane zamiennie z bardziej ogólnym, ale czasem także bardziej szczegółowym pojęciem zrównoważoności. Pojęcie SD jest analizowane na podstawie jego rozwoju (analizowane w pierwszej części: Drastichová, 2022) oraz związków ze zrównoważonością i powiązanymi koncepcjami naukowymi (teoretycznymi) i praktycznymi. Celem tej pracy jest wyjaśnienie znaczenia ZR, w tym pojęcia zrównoważoności, i na tej podstawie wskazanie głównych dróg przybliżania się do celów ZR, w tym jakości życia i dobrostanu. Zidentyfikowano i podsumowano ograniczenia tej koncepcji, podobnie jak alternatywy dla zrównoważonego rozwoju i zrównoważoności. Przesłanką tej pracy jest nie tylko doprecyzowanie koncepcji ZR, ale także normatywna ocena tej koncepcji w odniesieniu do dobrostanu i jakości życia ludności Ziemi w nieskończonym okresie czasu, przy zachowaniu podaży ekosystemów usług świadczonych na planecie, biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że zasoby te są nie tylko źródłem dobrobytu ludzi, ale są ogólnie niezbędne do przetrwania ludzkości. Dlatego też niniejsza praca zawiera dogłębne i rozważania koncepcji ZR w oparciu o jej historyczny rozwój, a także oceny normatywne koncepcji wynikające z tej wiedzy. Podsumowano również alternatywne koncepcje i możliwości nauki o zrównoważoności. Podjęto znaczny wysiłek, aby zidentyfikować związki koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju ze zrównoważonością oraz z głównymi powiązanymi koncepcjami naukowymi (teoretycznymi) i praktycznymi, a także z koncepcjami alternatywnymi do nich. Wyniki te ponownie uzyskano ze szczegółowej analizy historycznej i odpowiednich prac naukowych. Na koniec nakreślono możliwy projekt koncepcji ZR na podstawie analizy i syntezy wiedzy.

17

Sustainability of EU Labour Markets During the Coronavirus Crisis

Milanović Sandra, Stanković Jelena J., Marjanović Ivana, Jovanović Vujatović Milica

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2023

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Vol. 18, nr 1

89--99

EN

The world’s labour markets were significantly affected by the coronavirus spread and lockdowns and deaths caused by it. Policy-makers tried to mitigate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market by imposing different measures and aid packages. Having in mind all activities for combating the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on the labour market in 2020 and 2021, the question arose how resilient are labour markets to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the year before the pandemic? Therefore, this study attempts to answer this question by creating a composite index of ten labour market indicators using the MOORA ranking method. The research sample is made up of 27 European Union (EU) countries. In the first step, countries’ composite indexes were compared on a year-to-year basis (2019-2020, 2019-2021 and 2020-2021) and no significant discrepancies were observed. In the second step, differences in geographical clusters of countries were captured while comparing their composite indexes for 2020 and 2021. The study results indicate that aid packages restricted the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on the EU labour markets and strengthened their sustainability. The downturn in EU labour market indicators was retained thus making divergence between geographical clusters inherited from the previous periods. The research results indicate the importance of joint EU policies in crisis periods for encouraging the sustainability of the EU labour markets and the need to make a balance among EU labour markets under normal conditions.

PL

Na światowe rynki pracy znaczący wpływ miało rozprzestrzenianie się koronawirusa oraz spowodowane przez niego lockdowny i zgony. Politycy starali się złagodzić skutki pandemii COVID-19 na rynku pracy, narzucając różne środki i pakiety pomocowe. Mając na uwadze wszelkie działania na rzecz zwalczania wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na rynek pracy w latach 2020 i 2021, pojawiło się pytanie, na ile rynki pracy są odporne na skutki pandemii COVID-19 w porównaniu z rokiem poprzedzającym pandemię? Dlatego w niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na to pytanie poprzez stworzenie złożonego indeksu dziesięciu wskaźników rynku pracy z wykorzystaniem metody rankingowej MOORA. Próba badawcza składa się z 27 krajów Unii Europejskiej (UE). W pierwszym kroku porównano złożone indeksy krajów w ujęciu rok do roku (2019-2020, 2019-2021 oraz 2020-2021) i nie zaobserwowano znaczących rozbieżności. W drugim kroku uchwycono różnice w klastrach geograficznych krajów, porównując ich złożone wskaźniki na lata 2020 i 2021. Wyniki badania wskazują, że pakiety pomocowe ograniczyły skutki pandemii COVID-19 na rynkach pracy UE i wzmocniły ich zrównoważoność. Utrzymała się dekoniunktura wskaźników rynku pracy w UE, tworząc dywergencję między klastrami geograficznymi odziedziczoną po poprzednich okresach. Wyniki badań wskazują na znaczenie wspólnych polityk UE w okresach kryzysowych dla wspierania stabilności unijnych rynków pracy oraz na potrzebę zachowania równowagi między unijnymi rynkami pracy w normalnych warunkach.

18

Institutional Development of Organic Farming in the EU

Simin Mirela Tomaš, Milić Dragan, Petrović Marica, Glavaš-Trbić Danica, Komaromi Bojana, Đurić Katarina

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2023

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Vol. 18, nr 1

120--128

EN

The concept of sustainable development has been attracting the attention of the scientific and professional community for decades. Various researches and papers focused on the concept of sustainability, exploring it through the prism of the economic, ecological and social subsystem. In this paper, the authors focus on agriculture and its sustainability. Starting from the assumption that organic farming is a sustainable system production, the authors turn to institutional support, trying to find a link between EU agricultural policy (CAP) and the growth of areas in organic agriculture. The research showed that this kind of support system failed to play the role that was intended for it and did not lead to mass acceptance of organic agriculture everywhere. Authors on the example of Denmark, Germany and Italy show the extent to which state support has influenced the expansion of areas under this system. Also, the comparison with the US agricultural policy leads to the conclusion that support policies for organic production constructed on a one-dimensional focus of payments per unit area will not lead to the expected results in terms of further progress and development of the organic sector.

PL

Koncepcja zrównoważonego rozwoju przyciąga uwagę środowiska naukowego i zawodowego. Różnorodne badania i artykuły koncentrowały się na koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju, eksplorując ją przez pryzmat podsystemu ekonomicznego, ekologicznego i społecznego. W niniejszym artykule autorzy koncentrują się na rolnictwie i jego zrównoważeniu. Wychodząc z założenia, że rolnictwo organiczne jest produkcją systemową zrównoważoną, autorzy zwracają się ku wsparciu instytucjonalnemu, próbując znaleźć związek między polityką rolną UE (WPR) a wzrostem areału w rolnictwie organicznym. Badania wykazały, że tego rodzaju system wsparcia nie spełnił przewidzianej dla niego roli i nie doprowadził wszędzie do masowej akceptacji rolnictwa organicznego. Autorzy na przykładzie Danii, Niemiec i Włoch pokazują, w jakim stopniu wsparcie państwa wpłynęło na ekspansję obszarów objętych tym systemem. Również porównanie z polityką rolną USA prowadzi do wniosku, że polityki wsparcia produkcji organicznej zbudowane na jednowymiarowym skupieniu płatności na jednostkę powierzchni nie doprowadzą do oczekiwanych rezultatów w zakresie dalszego postępu i rozwoju sektora organicznego.

19

Asymmetry as a Factor Weakening Resilience and Integration in the Sustainable Development of the Polish-Czech Borderland in the Context of the Dispute About the Turów Mine

Łaźniewska Ewa, Boháč Artur, Kurowska-Pysz Joanna

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2023

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Vol. 18, nr 1

139--152

EN

By analysing asymmetry in socioeconomic and environmental development in the Polish-Czech borderland, we contribute to the discussion on its impacts as a factor weakening resilience and integration for the purposes of sustainable development in the region. In the article, we use the results of the studies under the Project The crisis at the Turów Mine and its impact on Czech-Polish cross-border cooperation: An evaluation, conclusions and recommendations, funded by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange in 2022. The main aim of our research is to draw conclusions for territorial self-governments as to how they should strengthen sustainable development based on integration with foreign partners, thus enhancing resilience. We draw conclusions based on qualitative research, statistical analyses and literature studies. One of the key conclusions which can be drawn from the present study is that the asymmetry visible in many socioeconomic areas weakens the resilience of institutional structures to crises, resulting in barely discernible cooperation between these regions.

PL

Analizując asymetrię rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego i środowiskowego na pograniczu polsko-czeskim, włączamy się w dyskusję na temat jej wpływu jako czynnika osłabiającego odporność i integrację na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju regionu. W artykule wykorzystujemy wyniki badań w ramach Projektu Kryzys w Kopalni Turów i jego wpływ na czesko-polską współpracę transgraniczną: ocena, wnioski i rekomendacje, finansowanego przez Narodową Agencję Wymiany Akademickiej w 2022 r. Głównym celem naszych badań jest wyciągnięcie wniosków dla samorządów terytorialnych, w jaki sposób powinny wzmacniać zrównoważony rozwój oparty na integracji z partnerami zagranicznymi, wzmacniając tym samym resilencję. Wnioski wyciągamy na podstawie badań jakościowych, analiz statystycznych oraz studiów literaturowych. Jednym z kluczowych wniosków, jakie można wyciągnąć z niniejszego badania, jest to, że asymetria widoczna w wielu obszarach społeczno-gospodarczych osłabia odporność struktur instytucjonalnych na kryzysy, czego efektem jest słaba współpraca pomiędzy tymi regionami.

20

Managing uae supply chain carbon footprint: sustainability and climate change mitigation strategies

Al Chami Riad

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28. No. 1

7--24

EN

This research introduces new methods to measure UAE supply chains' carbon footprints to identify sustainability initiatives to mitigate climate change. It finds opportunities for improvement and provides actionable insights to promote environmental sustainability via thorough analysis, and tries to understand how carbon emissions hurt ecosystems and how to remedy them and determines carbon-emitting industries. Corporations emit the most carbon due to inadequate supply networks. Corporate social responsibility is crucial to customer trust and global norms in modern organizations. Environment protection and carbon emission reduction rules are crucial in the UAE, which wants to be a business powerhouse. Quantitative research is cross-sectional because numbers better explain the situation. Some data was obtained for this study. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to obtain data from 90 UAE supply chain workers. Demographic descriptive information and firm carbon emission data were used. The knowledge helped respondents identify eco-friendly corporate practices. Education is essential to convincing businesses and consumers of their environmental responsibility. The survey results demonstrate that young people are more aware and can boost CSR in the sector. The findings showed that younger and more educated individuals were more hopeful about carbon and environmental issues. Education and awareness campaigns are needed to promote sustainable behaviour and reduce carbon footprints.

PL

Niniejsze badanie wprowadza nowe metody pomiaru śladu węglowego łańcuchów dostaw w Zjednoczonych Emiratach Arabskich w celu zidentyfikowania inicjatyw na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju ukierunkowanych na łagodzenie zmian klimatycznych. W badaniu wskazano możliwości usprawnień i dostarczono praktycznych wniosków mających na celu promowanie zrównoważonego rozwoju środowiskowego poprzez dokładną analizę. Starając się zrozumieć, w jaki sposób emisje węgla szkodzą ekosystemom, badanie to także wskazuje branże emitujące najwięcej dwutlenku węgla. Warto zauważyć, iż przedsiębiorstwa emitują najwięcej dwutlenku węgla z powodu niewystarczających sieci dostaw. Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu ma istotne znaczenie dla zaufania klientów i norm globalnych we współczesnych organizacjach. Ochrona środowiska i przepisy dotyczące redukcji emisji węgla są kluczowe w ZEA, które pragną być potęgą biznesową. Badania ilościowe mają charakter przekrojowy, ponieważ liczby lepiej wyjaśniają sytuację. Do niniejszego badania pozyskano określone dane. Aby je zgromadzić wykorzystano prostą technikę losowego próbkowania, uzyskując dane od 90 pracowników łańcucha dostaw w ZEA. Wykorzystano demograficzne informacje opisowe i dane dotyczące emisji dwutlenku węgla przez przedsiębiorstwa. Wiedza ta pomogła respondentom zidentyfikować ekologiczne praktyki korporacyjne przyjazne środowisku. Edukacja jest kluczowa, aby przekonać przedsiębiorstwa i konsumentów do ich odpowiedzialności za środowisko. Wyniki badania pokazują, że młodzi ludzie są bardziej świadomi i mogą zwiększyć społeczną odpowiedzialność biznesu w sektorze. Wyniki wykazały, że młodsze i bardziej wykształcone osoby były bardziej optymistyczne w kwestii redukcji emisji dwutlenku węgla i problemów środowiskowych. Kampanie edukacyjne i świadomość ekologiczna są potrzebne do promowania zrównoważonego rozwoju i redukcji śladów węglowych.