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1

Study on overlap rate and machinability of selected laser melting of maraging steel

Yang Zeyu, Li Weimin, Liu Shufen, Gao Qi

Materials Science Poland

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2023

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Vol. 41, No. 2

368--382

EN

In order to investigate the material properties of maraging steel laser additive manufacturing, the cladding layers with different overlap rates on the surface of 18Ni300 were prepared by laser cladding technology, and the morphology, microstructure, and hardness of the cladding layer with different overlap rates were analyzed by various means. The results show that the macroscopic morphology of the cladding layer mainly presents three states under different overlap rates, and the change of overlap rate has no effect on the microstructure in the same area of the cladding layer, but does have an effect on the size of the cladding layer. In the end, the optimum overlap rate is 50%, the surface is smooth, the inner is free from defects, the bonding effect is good, and the metallographic structure is even with high hardness. Milling experiments were carried out on the material after laser additive manufacturing, and the surface morphology was observed, confirming a smooth and well-flattened surface with a roughness of 0.342 μm had been obtained. The suitable overlap rate can make the coating surface smoother, reduce the subsequent processing loss, and improve the production efficiency and powder utilization rate while ensuring the coating quality.

2

The Effect of Vibratory Shot Peening on the Geometric Structure of the Surface of Elements Machined by Laser and Abrasive Water Jet Cutting

Skoczylas Agnieszka

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 5

1--11

EN

Elements machined by laser and abrasive water jet cutting sometimes require the use of a finishing treatment. One of the finishing methods for machined elements is vibratory shot peening (VSP). This paper presents the influence of VSP technological conditions on the surface topography and surface roughness (parameters Ra and Rsk) of aluminium alloy AW-7075 samples. Experiments were carried out according to the following plan: first, vibratory shot peening (VSP) was conducted using balls with a diameter d = 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm. Then, the surfaces of the samples after VSP (treated with 6 mm diameter balls) were subjected to re-vibratory shot peening (RVSP). As a result of vibratory shot peening, the Ra parameter of the specimens after laser cutting decreased by 71% to 91%, while for the AWJ-treated elements it decreased by 56% to 85%. The additional operation decreased the Ra parameter in the entry zone by 4% to 6% for the samples after laser cutting and by 5% to 7% for the samples after AWJ, when compared to the Ra value after single vibratory shot peening conducted using balls with d=6 mm. After VSP and RVSP, the surface topography of the samples changed. Vibratory shot peening led to the creation of "striations" on the shot-peened surface that could not be completely removed. The re-vibratory shot peening operation (for specific conditions) had a positive effect on the geometric structure of the surface of the elements after cutting. Both VSP and RVSP caused reduction in the analysed 3D surface roughness parameters.

3

Surface Topography and Tribological Properties of Cutting Tool Coatings

Niemczewska-Wójcik Magdalena, Madej Monika

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 6

39--48

EN

The surface topography formed during the technological process has an influence on the wear characteristics and modifies the surface topography of friction components during the operation process, including cutting tools. It is therefore important to carry out research to find the best material and construction solutions to increase their durability and reliability. The research and analysis covered selected coatings (TiN, TiCN, TiAlN) applied to cutting tools for their anti-wear properties. The coatings were obtained through physical vapour deposition PVD. For the purpose of evaluating the tribological properties of the coatings, friction-wear tests were carried out in rotary motion on a ball-on-disc device (ball made of 100 Cr6 steel, discs made of SW7M steel coated with selected coatings) at a constant load (10N), under coolant lubrication conditions. Investigations of the surface topography before and after tribological tests were carried out on a confocal microscope. The friction coefficient and the amount of wear (wear track) of the coatings were shown to vary under the same operating conditions. The highest friction coefficient was obtained for the TiCN coating (0.199), while the lowest for the TiN coating (0.144) – the surface topography of the balls deteriorated (parameters Sq, Sz, Ssk, Sku increased in value). The highest linear wear (281.1 µm) was obtained for the TiAlN coating (the coating was torn halfway through the test), where the ball surface topography has improved (lowered values of parameters Sq, Sz, Ssk, Sku, Spd, Spc).

4

Surface Texturing on a CNC Machine Tool Using a Laser

Józwik Jerzy, Dziedzic Krzysztof

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 1

160--172

EN

In the paper stages of the process of constituting a surface with the texture of the injection mold of a wheeled vehicle steering wheel using laser technology was discusses. During micromachining process with texturing there is a 5-axis CNC-controlled CNC machine TOOL LASERTEC 65 Shape used with a rigid monoBLOCK structure with Siemens 840D sl control, equipped with a fiber laser with a power of 100W, a wavelength of 1064 nm and a focal length of 181 mm. Processing technology was prepared using Autodesk Maya, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, NX9, Lastex v. 2.27.26 computer programs and machine tool control systems. Results of machining the steering wheel of a wheeled vehicle with a concentrated laser beam are discussed. Geometric structure of the surface after texturing was evaluated. Presented technology can be used to obtain the desired texture properties on the surface of the parts.

5

Evaluation of the Surface Topography of Ti6Al4V Alloy after the Finish Turning Process under Ecological Conditions

Maruda Radosław W., Leksycki Kamil, Wojciechowski Szymon, Feldshtein Eugene, Łukaszewicz Andrzej

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 2

63--70

EN

This paper describes findings in the surface topography of Ti6Al4V alloy after finish turning process under dry and MQL (minimum quantity lubrication) machining. The research was fulfilled in the range of variable feeds per revolution of 0.005-0.25 mm/rev and cutting speeds of 40-100 m/min using the depth of cut of 0.25 mm that fits finish processing conditions. The test plan was developed on the way to use the Parameter Space Investigation (PSI) method. The topography features were measured by a Sensofar S Neox optical profilometer using the Imaging Confocal Microscopy technique. Ra parameters and surface roughness profiles as well as 2D images and contour maps were analyzed. Under the studied machining conditions, lower Ra roughness parameters are obtained in the feed rate of 0.005-0.1 mm/rev and cutting speeds of 40-60 m/min. In comparison with dry machining, up to 17% reduction in Ra parameter values was obtained using the MQL method and vc = 70 m/min and f = 0.127 mm/rev as well as vc = 47.5 m/min and f = 0.22 mm/rev. Depending on the machining conditions, peaks and pits as well as feed marks typical for the turning process are observed on the machined surfaces.

6

Analysis of the friction mechanisms of DC04 steel sheets in the flat strip drawing test

Szewczyk Marek, Szwajka Krzysztof

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

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2022

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z. 94

51--61

EN

This article presents the use of a specially designed flat strip drawing tester in order to assess the change in surface topography of DC04 steel sheets. The flat strip drawing test simulates friction conditions in the sheet metal-blankholder interface during deep drawing processes. Experimental tests were carried out at various nominal pressures and in dry friction and lubricated conditions. Two widely available gear and engine oils were used in the study. It was found that, in the range of pressures investigated between 3 and 12 MPa, 80W-90 gear oil provided a greater reduction in the value of the coefficient of friction (COF) than 5W-30 engine oil. Gear oil reduced the COF by an average of about 13.4 [%]. The lubrication efficiency depends on the pressure values; the greater the pressure, the lower the lubrication efficiency. A lowering of the value of the main amplitude surface roughness parameters Sa and Sq was generally observed. SEM analysis showed that even under lubrication conditions there was intense flattening of the roughness asperities of the sheet metal.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki oceny zmian topografii powierzchni blach stalowych DC04 za pomocą specjalnie zaprojektowanego testera do realizacji testu przeciągania pasa blachy. Test ten symuluje warunki tarcia na styku blachy z dociskaczem w procesach głębokiego wytłaczania. Badania eksperymentalne przeprowadzono przy różnych naciskach nominalnych oraz w warunkach tarcia suchego i smarowania. Do badań wykorzystano dwa powszechnie dostępne oleje przekładniowe i silnikowe. W zakresie analizowanych nacisków 3-12 [MPa], olej przekładniowy SAE80W-90 zapewnił większe obniżenie wartości współczynnika tarcia w porównaniu do oleju silnikowego SAE5W-30. Olej przekładniowy zredukował wartość współczynnika tarcia średnio o około 13.4 [%]. Efektywność smarowania zależy od wartości nacisków. Im większy nacisk tym efektywność smarowania była mniejsza. Zauważono zmniejszenie wartości głównych parametrów amplitudowych chropowatości powierzchni Sa oraz Sq. Na podstawie mikrofotografii SEM zaobserwowano, że nawet w warunkach smarowania dochodziło do intensywnego wyrównywania wierzchołków nierówności blachy.

7

Concept for a Research Methodology of Surface Topography – Testing and Analysis of Tribological Wear Traces

Niemczewska-Wójcik Magdalena

Tribologia

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2022

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nr 4

31--38

EN

The methodology of surface topography research plays a key role in identifying and describing the wear mechanism, including the tribological wear traces. In the published literature, wear traces are most often described based on the surface morphology created in the operation process (microscopic image – optical microscope OM, scanning electron microscope SEM, atomic force microscope AFM); less frequently used are 2D profile description (contact or non-contact profilometer) or 3D topography (profilometer, confocal microscope, interference microscope, focus variation microscope). Each method of testing the worn surface has its own characteristics and purposefulness of use. The combination of different methods enables a comprehensive assessment of the surface topography created in the operation process and the characterisation of tribological wear traces.This work presents the main issues in the range of research methodology of the surface topography created in the operation process (operated/worn surface topography) – the purpose of research, research programme, research methods and tools, analysis of research results (quantitative – parametric and qualitative – non parametric). The research methodology of the surface topography and tribological wear traces is presented on selected examples. The method of conducting a comprehensive analysis, including all elements – surface morphology, 2D profile analysis and 3D topographic analysis – is discussed.

PL

Metodyka badań topografii powierzchni odgrywa kluczową rolę w identyfikowaniu i opisie mechanizmów zużycia, w tym śladów zużycia tribologicznego. W publikowanych pracach najczęściej identyfikacja śladów zużycia przeprowadzana jest na podstawie morfologii powierzchni eksploatowanej (obraz mikroskopowy – mikroskop optyczny OM, skaningowy mikroskop elektronowy SEM, mikroskop sił atomowych AFM), rzadziej stosowane są opisy profilu 2D (profilometr stykowy lub bezstykowy) czy topografii 3D (mikroskop konfokalny, mikroskop interferencyjny, mikroskop różnicowania ogniskowego). Każda z metod badań powierzchni eksploatowanej ma swoją charakterystykę oraz celowość zastosowania. Połączenie różnych metod umożliwia kompleksową ocenę powierzchni eksploatowanej oraz charakterystykę śladów zużycia tribologicznego. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono główne zagadnienia w zakresie metodyki badań powierzchni eksploatowanej – cel badań, program badań, metody i narzędzia badawcze, analiza wyników badań (ilościowa – parametryczna oraz jakościowa – nieparametryczna). Metodykę badań powierzchni eksploatowanej i śladów zużycia tribologicznego zaprezentowano na wybranych przykładach. Omówiono sposób przeprowadzenia kompleksowej analizy, obejmującej wszystkie elementy – morfologię powierzchni, analizę profilową 2D oraz analizę topograficzną 3D.

8

Analytical and experimental study on the surface generation mechanism in shot peening

Zhao Jiuyue, Zhou Weihua, Tang Jinyuan, Jiang Tingting, Liu Huaming

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 3

art. no. e111

EN

Shot peening is a common surface treatment technology for improving fatigue performance of component and is usually conducted after other manufacturing processes. The surface topography of shot peening directly affects the serve performance and has attracted much interest. To better understand surface generation during shot peening, an analytical model for predicting the peened surface topography was proposed by considering: (i) the random nature of the shot stream, such as the number of shots, spatial distribution, nonuniformity of shot size, and impact velocity; (ii) the overlap of dimples with initial surface and the cyclic hardening. The proposed model is verified by comparing the measured and simulated results. The model can better describe the details of the surface profile compared with the finite element method. It is found that the surface roughness Sa first increases and then decreases slowly with the increase of coverage. Besides, the peened surface of carburized and hardened gear steel shows the combined topography of grinding and shot peening. This work could provide a powerful package to efficiently predict the peened surface topography and guide industrial application in shot peening.

9

Surface Topography of Inconel 718 Alloy in Finishing WEDM

Buk Jarosław

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 1

47--61

EN

The properties of Iconel 718 determine its application for parts operating in extremely tough conditions. The difficulties when machining nickel-based superalloys allowed in recent years for researching other machining methods. One of the proposed methods is Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM). It becomes possible to minimize or eliminate such problems associated with electrical discharge machining as microcracks, forming of a white layer, or high surface roughness. One way to avoid these issues is to apply finishing machining. The literature indicates that the peak current is the main parameter responsible for shaping the machined surface in finishing WEDM. Furthermore, few works focus on the electrode’s infeed, in particular there are not many papers regarding the influence of the infeed on the machined surface parameters. Therefore, the paper aims to investigate on the influence of the peak current and infeed during finishing WEDM on the surface properties of Inconel 718. The paper presents measurements of selected surface topography parameters and Abbot Firestone curves (AFC). The presented plots allowed to determine the ranges of the process parameters for which the lowest surface roughness values were achieved. Cross-sections were performed to measure the thickness of a white layer. Nanohardness HV0,01 measured by Berkovich tip was recorded to determine the size of a heat affected zone (HAZ). The correlation between the peak current Ic and the infeed z regarding the machined surface quality was presented.

10

Investigation of the Surface Topography of Titanium Alloys Applied to Friction Components

Gawłowski Grzegorz, Niemczewska-Wójcik Magdalena

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 2

150--158

EN

The subject of this study and analysis was titanium alloy, applied among others to the friction components of orthopaedic (artificial hip joint) implants. This material was subjected to abrasive finishing using a synthetic diamond as a tool. The properties of the studied titanium alloy were characterised. The processing technology and the research methods are discussed. The surfaces, after being subjected to abrasive machining, were studied using three research instruments – an interference microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and an atomic force microscope. Advanced metrology software was used to analyse the measurement data. The aim of the research was to present the changes taking place in the forming of the surface of the studied titanium alloy, in particular those occurring in the final sequential processing. A characterisation of the machined surfaces was prepared based on parametric (surface topography – parameters and functions) and non-parametric (surface morphology – images) analysis. The significant influence of the sequence and the tool (diamond grain and micro-grain) on the surface topography shaped during the technological process is presented. Improvement in the surface quality and features was observed. Parametric analysis showed no significant differences between TA-III and TA-IV surfaces, while these differences were visualised by non-parametric analysis. Moreover, the hereditary features of the surface topography (isotropy and pits/valleys) and their influence on the potential functional properties (place/area for accumulation/retaining of the lubricant in the friction zone) of the titanium alloy were analysed.

11

Modelowanie wpływu parametrów obróbki nagniataniem na chropowatość powierzchni wałków ze stali 42CRMO4

Antosz Katarzyna, Kluz Rafał, Trzepieciński Tomasz, Bucior Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

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2021

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z. 93 [302]

19--29

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań mających na celu określenie wpływu parametrów nagniatania ślizgowego na chropowatość powierzchni wałków wykonanych ze stali 42CrMo4. Proces nagniatania wykonano przy użyciu narzędzi z końcówką z polikrystalicznego diamentu. Przed nagniataniem próbki poddano toczeniu na tokarce narzędziowej. Badania prowadzono według planu Hartleya PS/DS-P:Ha3, który umożliwia zdefiniowanie równania regresji w postaci wielomianu drugiego stopnia. Wykorzystano również modele sztucznej sieci neuronowej do przewidywania chropowatości powierzchni wałków po procesie nagniatania. Rozważane parametry wejściowe procesu obejmowały wartości nacisku, prędkości nagniatania i prędkości posuwu. We wszystkich analizowanych przypadkach nagniatania wartość chropowatości powierzchni określonej parametrem Ra uległa zmniejszeniu. Różnice między danymi eksperymentalnymi a modelem Hartleya nie przekraczały 24%. Najlepszą reprezentację modelu Hartleya uzyskano dla parametrów nagniatania: posuw f = 0,32 mm/obr, nacisk P = 130 N i prędkość nagniatania v = 180 obr/min. Perceptrony wielowarstwowe były najlepszymi predyktorami chropowatości powierzchni wałków. Przy współczynniku korelacji Pearsona R2 powyżej 0,998 wartość średniego błędu bezwzględnego nie przekroczyła 0,005.

12

Comparison of surface topography after lens-shape end mill and ball endmill machining

Żurek Piotr, Żurawski Karol, Szajna Artur, Flejszar Rafał, Sałata Marcin

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2021

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nr 4

9--15

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań porównawczych topografii powierzchni uzyskanych po obróbce przedmiotu frezem kulistym oraz soczewkowym. Analizę przeprowadzono dla różnych wartości szerokości skrawania ae oraz prędkości posuwu fz. Wyniki badań obejmują porównanie map topografii powierzchni oraz parametrów chropowatości. liniowych i powierzchniowych. W wyniku badań wykazano. że zastosowanie freza soczewkowego pozwala na uzyskanie zbliżonych wartości parametrów topografii powierzchni jak po obróbce fezem kulistym. osiągając przy tym ponad dwa razy większą wydajność obróbki. W rezultacie wykazano potencjał zastosowania frezów soczewkowych w operacjach wykończeniowych jako użytecznej alternatywy dla narzędzi kulistych.

EN

The article presents the results of comparative investigations concerning surface topography obtained as a result of machining the workpiece with ball end and lens-shape end mills. The analysis was conducted for various values of width of cutting ae and feed speed fz. The research results include the comparison of surface topography maps and parameters of linear and surface roughness. It was shown. as a result of the research. that the use of lens-shape end mill allows to obtain similar values of surface topography parameters to the obtained values in machining with ball end mill. while achieving more than twice the efficiency of machining. As a result. there was demonstrated the potential for the use of lens-shape end mills in finishing operations as a useful alternative to ball end mills.

13

Fast Fourier Transform detection and reduction of high-frequency errors from the results of surface topography profile measurements of honed textures

Podulka Przemysław

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2021

|

Vol. 23, no. 1

84--93

EN

In this paper, various type of noise detection procedures with surface topography profile analysis were proposed, compared (studied) and suggested. The honed cylinder liner surface textures with additionally burnished oil pockets were measured with a stylus or optical approaches. Measurement errors, defined as high-frequency measurement noise, were taken into sufficient consideration. It was proposed to select the noise detection methods more with profile (2D) than areal (3D) assessments; some-frequency noise was much easier to observe in profile than surface analysis. Moreover, applications of various type of regular filtration methods, mostly based on Gaussian functions, were compared with Fast Fourier Transform filtration for detection or reduction of some (high) frequency-defined measurement errors.

14

Formation of Surface Topography During Turning of AISI 1045 Steel Considering the Type of Cutting Edge Coating

Szczotkarz Natalia, Maruda Radosław W., Dębowski Daniel, Leksycki Kamil, Wojciechowski Szymon, Khanna Navneet, Królczyk Grzegorz M.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

|

Vol. 15, no 4

253--266

EN

The paper presents evaluation of the surface topography obtained after turning of AISI 1045 steel with the use of cemented carbide tools diversified in terms of applied titanium-based coatings. During the research, three types of coatings deposited with the PVD method on a P25 sintered carbide insert were compared: nitride-titanium TiN, nitride-aluminum-titanium TiAlN and carbon-titanium TiC in a wide range of variable cutting speeds 125 - 325 m/min and variable feeds 0.05 - 0.25 mm/rev. The quality of the machined surface was assessed on the Sensofar S neox System optical profile meter using the confocal method. The paper presents the results of 3D parameters, contour maps, isometric views and material ratio curves. The surface topography analysis showed that for the TiAlN coated insert, lower surface roughness parameters were observed in the range of lower cutting speeds and higher feeds, while for higher cutting speeds, lower values of the selected 3D parameters were found for the insert with TiC coating. For the insert with TiC coating, the most even distribution of the valleys and ridges of the machined surface roughness was also observed. The research results determined the range of cutting parameters that allow the selection of the appropriate type of titanium-based coating when machining AISI 1045 steel.

15

Geometric and Energetic Conditions oF Metals’ Abrasive Wear

Sadowski Piotr

Tribologia

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2020

|

nr 2

63--75

EN

A new interpretation and a quantitative description of abrasive wear of solids are proposed in this paper. The well-known J.F. Archard’s dependence, commonly applied by tribologists to describe volume of a worn material as a function of real contact surface between bodies, serves as the starting point for the discussion. The dependence characterises adhesive wear whose intensity is restricted to certain energy-conditioned values. However, greater wear intensities can be observed in abrasive wear. The quantity of energy required to separate a unit of volume (mass) of a rubbing material is also lower in the case of abrasion than of adhesive wear. It is claimed, therefore, that the principle of straight proportionality between volumetric wear and real contact surface of bodies cannot be used to characterise the wear mechanism. The process of detachment of a worn particle in the form of a chip is related to a certain volume, while the density of the flux of removed material is related to an apparent machined surface, which is in a specific relation to the nominal contact surface of rubbing solids. The proposed new physical model and the analytical description of metals’ abrasive wear are illustrated quantitatively with results of the author’s experiments.

PL

W pracy zaproponowano nowy sposób interpretacji i ilościowego opisu zużywania ściernego ciał stałych. Za punkt wyjścia do rozważań przyjęto powszechnie znaną i stosowaną w tribologii zależność analityczną J.F. Archarda opisującą objętość zużytego materiału jako funkcję powierzchni rzeczywistej styku ciał. Zależność ta charakteryzuje zużywanie adhezyjne, którego intensywność jest ograniczona do pewnych wartości uwarunkowanych energetycznie. Podczas zużywania ściernego obserwuje się jednak większe intensywności zużywania. Również ilość energii potrzebna do oddzielenia jednostki objętości (masy) trącego się materiału jest mniejsza w przypadku zużywania ściernego niż – adhezyjnego. Dlatego w niniejszej pracy stwierdzono, że zasada prostej proporcjonalności zużycia objętościowego do powierzchni rzeczywistej styku ciał nie może być utrzymana dla scharakteryzowania mechanizmu ścierania. Proces oddzielania się cząstki zużycia w postaci wiórka odniesiono do pewnej objętości, a gęstość strumienia masy usuwanego materiału – do umownej powierzchni skrawania, pozostającej w określonym związku z powierzchnią nominalną styku trących się ciał. Zaproponowany nowy model fizyczny i analityczny opis zużywania ściernego metali zostały zilustrowane ilościowo na przykładzie wyników eksperymentalnych badań własnych.

16

Wpływ struktury tkanin bawełnianych na ich topografię

Kosiuk Gabriela, Matusiak Małgorzata

Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów

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2020

|

R. 65

68--78

PL

Podstawowe parametry struktury tkanin to: splot, liczność osnowy i wątku oraz masa liniowa osnowy i wątku. Wymienione parametry wpływają na kształtowanie się właściwości tkanin. Jedną z istotnych cech tkanin jest jakość ich powierzchni, w tym topografia powierzchni. Charakteryzuje ona ukształtowanie powierzchni tkanin. W ramach pracy wykonano badania topografii powierzchni tkanin bawełnianych o splocie płóciennym. Badane tkaniny różnią się między sobą licznością wątku. Badania topografii powierzchni tkanin wykonano za pomocą profilometru MicroSpy Profile współpracującego ze specjalistycznym oprogramowaniem Mark III. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników przeanalizowano wpływ liczności wątku na wybrane parametry charakteryzujące topografię powierzchni tkanin.

EN

The basic parameters of the woven fabrics’ structure are the following: weave, warp and weft density as well as warp and weft linear density. The aforementioned parameters influence the properties of fabrics. One of the important characteristics of fabrics is the quality of their surface, including the surface topography. The topography characterizes the surface structure of fabrics. In the frame of presented work, the topography of the surface of cotton fabrics with a plain weave was tested. The fabrics being the objects of the investigation differ between each other in the rage of weft density. The study of the surface topography of fabrics was performed using the MicroSpy Profile profilometer cooperating with specialized Mark III software. Based on the obtained results, the influence of weft density on the selected parameter characterizing the topography of the fabric surface was analyzed.

17

Badania topografii tkanin gofrowanych

Matusiak Małgorzata

Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów

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2020

|

R. 65

48--67

PL

Tkaniny gofrowane są specyficzną grupą tkanin o charakterystycznej topografii powierzchni [1, 2]. Charakteryzują się fakturalną powierzchnią, wynikającą z występowania naprzemiennie pasków gładkich i gofrowanych (pofałdowanych) ułożonych w kierunku osnowy. Niekonwencjonalna topografia powierzchni tkanin gofrowanych przede wszystkim wpływa na wygląd tkanin i wyrobów z nich wykonanych. Charakterystyczne ukształtowanie powierzchni tkanin gofrowanych wpływa również na ich właściwości, zarówno mechaniczne jak i biofizyczne. W chwili obecnej nie ma uznanych w świecie metod badawczych, pozwalających na skwantyfikowanie topografii powierzchni tkanin gofrowanych oraz efektu gofrowania. Jedyną miarą, która stosowana jest w ocenie efektu gofrowania jest wrobienie osnowy tworzącej paski gofrowane [3, 4]. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena topografii powierzchni tkanin gofrowanych za pomocą profilometru. Badaniom poddano tkaniny gofrowane o zróżnicowanym raporcie pasków gofrowanych. Wyznaczono szereg parametrów, które w sposób liczbowy opisują topografię powierzchni tkanin.

EN

Seersucker woven fabrics are a specific group of fabrics with a characteristic surface topography [1, 2]. They are characterized by a textured surface, resulting from the alternation of smooth and puckered stripes arranged in the direction of the warp. The unconventional topography of the surface of seersucker woven fabrics primarily affects the appearance of fabrics and products made of them. The characteristic shape of the surface of the seersucker fabrics also influences their mechanical and biophysical properties. At present, there are no internationally recognized research methods allowing to quantify the surface topography of seersucker fabrics and the seersucker effect. The only measure that is used to assess the seersucker effect is the take up of the warp into the puckered stripes [3, 4]. The aim of this study was to assess the surface topography of seersucker woven fabrics using a profilometer. Seersucker woven fabrics with a varied report of puckered stripes were tested. For the tested fabrics, a number of parameters were determined which numerically describe the topography of the fabric surface.

18

Wpływ nagniatania hydrostatycznego na wybrane parametry struktury geometrycznej powierzchni po procesie frezowania

Radwański Ryszard, Dzierwa Andrzej, Pacana Andrzej

Przegląd Mechaniczny

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2020

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nr 7-8

38--41

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wpływ parametrów nagniatania hydrostatycznego na wybrane parametry topografii powierzchni. Badania wykazały, że w wyniku zastosowania nagniatania hydrostatycznego uzyskano znaczącą redukcję parametrów wysokościowych powierzchni po procesie frezowania.

EN

The article presents the influence of hydrostatic ball burnishing parameters on selected surface topography parameters. Studies have shown that as a result of the use of hydrostatic ball burnishing, a significant reduction in surface height parameters after the milling process was obtained.

19

Effect of non-zero mean stress bending-torsion fatigue on fracture surface parameters of 34CrNiMo6 steel notched bars

Macek Wojciech, Szala Mirosław, Trembacz Jarosław, Branco Ricardo, Costa José

Production Engineering Archives

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2020

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Vol. 26, Iss. 4

167--173

EN

Modern methods of testing materials require the use of the latest technologies and combining measurement and calculation methods. It is important to find a quantitative way of describing, among other things, the failures so that it can help to design with high accuracy. This paper studies loading orientations on crack shape and fracture surface changes. The advantage of the entire fracture surface method is simplicity and applicability in studies on other materials, shapes and loadings. A higher values of fracture surface parameters (Sx, Vx) was observed in failure specimens with lower σ/τ (B/T) ratios. It has been observed that largest crack lengths with a small number of cycles occur for loading combinations different then B=T. As well as analyzed surface parameters Sx, Vx, are higher for larger number of cycles to crack initiation (Ni) values.

20

Atomic force microscopy with fractal studies of temperature induced changes in the surface topography of polymeric materials

Rydzkowski Tomasz, Kulesza Sławomir, Bramowicz Mirosław, Michalska-Pożoga Iwona

Polimery

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2020

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T. 65, nr 1

25--32

EN

Changes in the surface topography of polymeric materials can be analyzed to find the correspondence between observed surface features and specific external factors that might also influence physical and functional properties of the investigated material. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were carried out to investigate the thermal changes in the surface topography as well as in the inner structure of the low density polyethylene (LDPE) samples subjected to 10 recirculations (rLDPE). For better assessment, fractal analysis and AFM results were additionally compared to DSC tests results.

PL

Analiza zmian topografii powierzchni materiałów polimerowych pozwala wyznaczyć zależności między obserwowanymi cechami powierzchni a określonymi czynnikami zewnętrznymi, które mogą wpływać na właściwości fizyczne i funkcjonalne badanego materiału. W niniejszej pracy metodą mikroskopii sił atomowych (AFM) oceniano zmiany termiczne topografii powierzchni, a także wewnętrznej struktury próbek polietylenu małej gęstości (LDPE) poddanych 10-krotnej recyrkulacji (rLDPE). Wyniki AFM i analizy fraktalnej porównywano z wynikami badań metodą różnicowej kalorymetrii skaningowej (DSC).