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1

Mechanical Behavior of Nitrocarburised Austenitic Steel Coated with N-DLC by Means of DC and Pulsed Glow Discharge

Borowski Tomasz, Kulikowski Krzysztof, Spychalski Maciej, Rożniatowski Krzysztof, Rajchel B., Adamczyk-Cieślak Bogusława, Wierzchoń Tadeusz

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

|

Vol. 67, iss. 1

317--324

EN

AISI 316L steel was subjected to nitrocarburizing under glow discharge conditions, which was followed by DLC (diamond-like carbon) coatings deposition using the same device. The coatings were applied under conditions of direct current and pulsed glow discharge. In order to determine the influence of the produced nitrocarbon austenite layer and the type of discharge on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings, the following features were analysed: surface roughness, coating thickness, structure, chemical composition, adhesion and resistance to frictional wear. For comparison purposes, DLC coatings were also deposited on steel without a nitrocarburised layer. The obtained results indicate a significant influence of the type of glow discharge on the roughness, hardness, nitrogen content and of the nitrocarburised layer on the resistance to wear by friction and adhesion of the produced coatings.

2

A review of digital filtering in evaluation of surface roughness

He Baofeng, Zheng Haibo, Ding Siyuan, Yang Ruizhao, Shi Zhaoyao

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 2

217--253

EN

Surface roughness is an important indicator in the evaluation of machining and product quality, as well as a direct factor affecting the performance of components. A rapidly developing filtering technology has become the main means of extracting surface roughness. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is constantly updating and improving the standard system for filtering technology in order to meet the requirements of technological development. Based on the filters already accepted by the international standard ISO 16610, this study briefly introduces the filtering principle of each filter, reviews the development of each filter in the application of surface roughness, and compares the advantages and limitations of their individual performances. The application range of each filter is summarized and, finally, the future direction of the digital filtering used in surface roughness is extrapolated.

3

Cell-based clinical and experimental methods for assisting the function of impaired livers – Present and future of liver support systems

Pluta Krzysztof Dariusz, Ciezkowska Malgorzata, Wisniewska Monika, Wencel Agnieszka, Pijanowska Dorota Genowefa

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 41, no. 4

1322--1346

EN

Currently, one of the most serious public health issues is the increasing number of cases of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis both of which can lead to liver failure. The only effective method of treatment for this life-threatening condition remains liver transplantation. Unfortunately, the chronic shortage of transplantable organs seriously limits its accessibility to patients. Thus, tremendous research has been done to develop methods capable of replacing liver transplantation by artificial means or to create techniques to partially or fully replace liver function in patients with impaired livers, until liver regeneration or transplantation. This review article is focused on research results that utilize living cells in order to establish bridging therapies in cases of liver failure. This includes both experimental and clinically tested techniques, such as hepatocyte transplantation and usage of the hybrid bioartificial liver devices. The article also discusses research which presents the long-term culture of hepatocytes in conditions that preserve their differentiated state, which is important for such applications as drug development and toxicity testing. Last but not least, the article describes the groundbreaking efforts toward building sophisticated scaffolds for hepatocyte culture that mimic their natural environment, which are based on decellularized tissues and on three-dimensional bioprinting.

4

Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing

Walczak Mariusz, Szala Mirosław

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 4

368--387

EN

Components produced by additive manufacturing (AM) via direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) have typical as-fabricated surface defects. As a result, surface properties of AM products should be modified to increase their strength, anti-wear behaviour, and at the same time to ensure their high corrosion resistance. Surface modification via shot peening is considered suitable for additive manufacturing of medical devices made of 17-4PH stainless steel. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of shot peening pressures (0.3 MPa and 0.6 MPa) and three types of blasting media (CrNi steel shot, nutshell granules and ceramic beads) on the tribological characteristics and corrosion resistance of specimens of DMLS 17-4PH stainless steel. Results demonstrated that shot peening caused steel microstructure refinement and-except for the nutshell shot-peened specimens-induced both martensite (α) formation and retained austenite (γ) reduction. 17-4PH specimens peened with steel and ceramic shots showed the highest increase in surface hardening by approx. ~ 119% (from 247 to 542 HV), which significantly improved their wear resistance. The highest mechanical properties (hardness and wear resistance) and corrosion resistance were obtained for the surfaces modified using the following media: ceramic beads > CrNi steel shot > nutshell granules. Adhesive and fatigue wear were two predominant mechanisms of tribological deterioration. Results demonstrated that the application of shot peening using ceramic beads led to grain size refinement from 22.0 to 14.6 nm and surface roughness reduction, which in turn resulted in higher corrosion resistance of the material. DMLS 17-4PH specimens modified by shot peening using ceramic beads and a pressure of 0.6 MPa exhibited the optimum surface morphology, hardness and microstructure, and thus improved wear and corrosion performance.

5

Factors Influencing Cavitation Erosion of NiCrSiB Hardfacings Deposited by Oxy-Acetylene Powder Welding on Grey Cast Iron

Szala Mirosław, Walczak Mariusz, Hejwowski Tadeusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no 4

376--386

EN

The work presents the results of a study on cavitation erosion (CE) resistance of two NiCrSiB self-fluxing powders deposited by oxy-acetylene powder welding on cast iron substrate grade EN-GJL-200. The mean hardness of deposits A-NiCrSiB, C-NiCrSiB is equal to 908 HV, 399 HV and exceeds those of EN-GJL-200 and X5CrNi18-10 reference specimens 197 HV and 209 HV, respectively. To study CE, the vibratory apparatus has been used and tests were conducted according to the ASTM G32 standard. Cavitation eroded surfaces were examined using a profilometer, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The research indicated that the CE resistance, expressed by the cumulative mass loss decreased in the following order C-NiCrSiB > A-NiCrSiB > X5CrNi18-10 > EN-GJL-200. Therefore, hardfacings were characterised by lower cumulative mass loss, in turn, higher CE resistance than the reference sample and therefore they may be applied as layers to increase resistance to cavitation of cast iron machine components. Results indicate that in the case of multiphase materials, hardness cannot be the main indicator for CE damage prediction while it strongly depends on the initial material microstructure. To qualitatively estimate the cavitation erosion damage (CEd) of NiCrSiB self-fluxing alloys at a specific test time, the following factors should be considered: material microstructure, physical and mechanical properties as well as surface morphology and material loss both estimated at specific exposure time. A general formula for the CEd prediction of NiCrSiB deposits was proposed.

6

Advances in Surface Engineering Using TIG Processing to Incorporate Ceramic Particulates into Low Alloy and Microalloyed Steels – A Review

Munoz-Escalona Patricia, Mridha Shahjahan, Baker Thomas Neville

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

|

Vol. 15, no 3

88--98

EN

The application of surface engineering techniques to improve the surface properties of carbon steels using high powered lasers for transformation hardening and surface melting is well established. Based on this previous research, a tungsten inert gas torch (TIG) technique has more recently been explored for the surface modification of steels, as a much cheaper option to lasers. In the present research, initial studies compared the preheat temperature recorded on a low alloy steel with Ar, He and N protective shielding gases over a single track length. The effect of overlapping 17 tracks on the temperature variation for three different gases was also explored. These studies lead to Ar being the chosen gas for the next stages of the work. During TIG processing, incorporation of fine TiC or SiC ceramic particulates into the liquid steel was investigated, with the aim of obtaining a uniformly high hardness in a crack and porous- free melt zone of sufficient length and depth to provide improved wear resistance over the parent steel. TiC particulates of 45-100µm size were preplaced on a low alloy steel, and following TIG processing, the hardness increased from the as-received steel value of ~200 Hv to~800 Hv, due to some dissolution and re-precipitation of TiC particulates. The incorporation of the more economic SiC particulates of ∼5μm or ∼75 μm size preplaced on a microalloyed steel was investigated. Single track surface zones were melted by a tungsten inert gas torch, and the effect of two energy inputs, 420 and 840 Jmm−1, compared. The results showed that the samples melted using 420 Jmm−1 were crack-free. Analytical microstructural and XRD studies established that both sizes of SiC particulates dissolved, and that some of the hardness increase recorded was due to formation of a high carbon martensite. A potential method of decreasing SiC particulate dissolution by generating a high Fe–Si liquid, thereby retaining the ceramic in the microalloyed steel after processing, was found to show promise.

7

Analysis of friction interaction and optimisation of detail surface hardening technologies using non-local mathematical models

Lyashenko B. A., Stotsko Z. A., Kuzin O. A., Kuzin M. O., Mechnik V. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 100, nr 1

20--25

EN

Purpose: The aim of the work is to build physically sound engineering and design schemes that take into account the behaviour of polycrystalline metal systems under intense loads and allow optimization of surface treatment technologies to increase the operational reliability parameters of products. Design/methodology/approach: Using the approaches of thermodynamics, a methodological scheme is proposed, on the basis of which it is possible to optimize surface engineering technologies to increase the contact durability of details. Findings: It was found that the maximum increase in the durability of steel 40X13 (AISI 420) is achieved with thermocyclic ion nitriding in a cycle of ± 50°C, and the minimum with isothermal nitriding. Research limitations/implications: In this paper, the optimization of technological solutions to increase the contact durability of structural elements operating under prevailing power loads is given. Practical implications: Using the proposed mathematical relationships, optimal technological regimes of ion-plasma nitriding were established for various operating conditions, under which the maximum durability and wear resistance of 40X13 (AISI 420) steel are ensured. Originality/value: The paper proposes an approach to the formation of functionally gradient surface layers of steel with specified operational parameters when choosing optimal nitriding technology modes based on nonlocal mathematical models.

8

Influence of mechanical activation and heat treatment on surface development and oxide layer thickness of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy

Szota M., Łukaszewicz A., Bukowska A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 97, nr 2

69--76

EN

Purpose: The paper presents the results of mechanical activation of the surface on oxide layer thickness after heat treatment of TU6Al14V ELI alloy. Design/methodology/approach: Specimens were made from 5 mm diameter rod cut into semicircular slices. The samples were mechanically activated throughout mechanical treatment of the surface: one sandblasted with glass beads during 5 minutes and other ground with sandpaper grit 40, 180, 220 and 800 during 7.5 and 15 minutes. Findings: Then microstructure of specimens etched with Kroll solution was observed using an optical microscope and roughness parameters of the surface were measured. Research limitations/implications: Afterwards heat treatment (550°C, 5 hours) was conducted, then roughness parameters and thickness of the oxide layer were measured by means of a scanning microscope. Practical implications: The conducted research showed up that mechanical activation of the surface which cause an increase of surface development results in greater thickness of the oxide layer which is formed during heat treatment. Nevertheless, mechanical activation that results in a decrease of surface development, such as polishing, results in a decrease of oxide layer thickness. Originality/value: The results of the research can be used to obtain the desired thickness of the oxide layer in the production of the elements that require increased wear and corrosion resistance.

9

Ocena jakości warstw nakładanych metodą laserowego osadzania metalu w proszku LDT

Mazurkiewicz A., Poprzeczka A.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

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R. 19, nr 6

591--596, CD

PL

W artykule przedstawiono badania próbek ze stali niestopowej C45 napawanych metodą laserowego osadzania metalu proszkiem typu Stellit Co-21w technice LDT (Laser Deposition Technology). Obserwowano mikrostrukturę przekroju poprzecznego próbek wytworzonych z różną prędkością skanowania oraz ilością podawanego proszku przy stałej mocy lasera. Analizując powierzchnie przekrojów poprzecznych próbek stwierdzono występowanie w napoinie pęknięć, przy określonych parametrach wytwarzania, które należy wiązać z ilością dostarczanego i odprowadzanego ciepła, szczególnie przy niepodgrzewanym podłożu. Potwierdzać to może występowanie w mikrostrukturze napoin podłużnych dendrytów słabo rozgałęzionych, co należy wiązać z kierunkowym procesem odprowadzania ciepła oraz szybką krystalizacją kierunkową. Istnieje możliwość regulowania tych zjawisk przez dobór odpowiednich parametrów obróbki. Analiza mikrostruktury powierzchni przekrojów poprzecznych próbek po napawaniu techniką LDT wskazuje na dobrą jakość metalurgiczną napoiny z wyraźnym wtopieniem i niedużą strefą wpływu ciepła wynoszącą od około 660÷760 µm. Pomiary mikrotwardości wykonane na przekrojach próbek wskazywały na szeroki przedział mikrotwardości wynoszący od 510HV1 w napoinie, około 410HV1 w strefie wpływu ciepła, do 270HV1 w podłożu ze stali konstrukcyjnej C45.

EN

The article presents the results of a study of C45 carbon steel hardfacing using laser metal deposition with Stellit Co- 21 powder. The microstructure of the cross-section of samples prepared with different scanning speed and the amount of used powder at constant laser power was observed. Analyzing the cross-sectional areas of the samples, it was found that, at specific production parameters, cracks occur in weld overlay, which should be associated with the amount of heat supplied and discharged, especially at the unheated basis. This may be confirmed by the presence of deposits of weakly branched dendrites in the microstructure, which should be related to the directional heat dissipation process and rapid directional crystallization. It is possible to regulate these phenomena by selecting appropriate processing parameters. The microstructure analysis of cross-sectional areas of samples after hardfacing using LDT technique indicates good metallurgical quality of the deposit with a small heat affected zone of about 660÷760 µm. The microhardness measurements on the sample cross-sections indicated a wide micohardness distribution ranging from 510HV1 in the weld overlay, about 410HV1 in the heat affected zone, to 270HV1 in the C45 steel base.

10

The new generation of the biologicalengineering materials for applications in medical and dental implant-scaffolds

Dobrzański L. A., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D., Czuba Z. P., Dobrzański L. B., Achtelik-Franczak A., Malara P., Szindler M., Kroll L.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 91, nr 2

56--85

EN

Purpose: The publication aims to find the relationship between the proliferation of surface layers of living cells and the deposition of thin atomic layers deposition ALD coatings on the pores internal surfaces of porous skeletons of medical and dental implant-scaffolds manufactured with the selective laser deposition SLS additive technology using titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The extensive review of the literature presents the state-of-the-art in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. General ageing of societies, increasing the incidence of oncological diseases and some transport and sports accidents, and also the spread of tooth decay and tooth cavities in many regions of the world has taken place nowadays. Those reasons involve resection of many tissues and organs and the need to replace cavities, among others bones and teeth through implantation, more and more often hybridized with tissue engineering methods. Findings: The results of investigations of the structure and properties of skeleton microporous materials produced from titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy powders by the method of selective laser sintering have been presented. Particularly valuable are the original and previously unpublished results of structural research using high-resolution transmission electron microscope HRTEM. Particular attention has been paid to the issues of surface engineering, in particular, the application of flat TiO2 and Al2O3 coatings applied inside micropores using the atomic layers deposition ALD method and hydroxyapatite applied the dip-coating sol-gel method, including advanced HRTEM research. The most important part of the work concerns the research of nesting and proliferation of live cells of osteoblasts the hFOB 1.19 (Human ATCC - CRL - 11372) culture line on the surface of micropores with surfaces covered with the mentioned layers. Research limitations/implications: The investigations reported in the paper fully confirmed the idea of the hybrid technology of producing microporous implants and implant-scaffolds to achieve original Authors’ biological-engineering materials. The surface engineering issues, including both flat-layered nonorganic coatings and interactions of those coverings with flat layers of living cells, play a crucial role. Originality/value: Materials commonly used in implantology and the most commonly used materials processing technologies in those applications have been described. Against that background, the original Authors' concept of implant-scaffolds and the application of microporous skeleton materials for this purpose have been presented.

11

Obróbka powierzchniowa stali nierdzewnych : azotowanie i nawęglanie

Brytan Z.

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2017

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nr 9-10

112--114

PL

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę procesów wysokotemperaturowego azotowania gazowego, nawęglania i azotowania niskotemperaturowego stosowanych dla stali nierdzewnych. Opisano mechanizm umocnienia warstwy wierzchniej w wyniku nasycenia powierzchni pierwiastkami międzywęzłowymi (azotu, węgla) i cechy charakterystyczne powstałego w ten sposób austenitu przesyconego tymi pierwiastkami. Ponadto podano charakterystykę komercyjnie dostępnych procesów niskotemperaturowego nawęglania i azotowania stali nierdzewnych.

EN

The paper presents the characteristics of high-temperature gas nitriding and low-temperature carburization and nitriding processes applied to stainless steels. The mechanism of surface hardening by interstitial alloying elements (nitrogen, carbon) has been described and the characteristic features of thus formed expanded austenite supersaturated by these elements have been given. Moreover, the characteristics of commercially available processes of low-temperature carburization and nitriding of stainless steels have been presented.

12

Napawanie wiązką elektronów przy użyciu drutu

Węglowski M. St., Błacha S.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2017

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R. 89, nr 10

47--51

PL

Celem pracy było przeprowadzenie badań w zakresie napawania przy użyciu wiązki elektronów i materiału dodatkowego w postaci drutu. Zakres pracy obejmował zbadanie wpływu warunków technologicznych tj.: prędkości podawania drutu, natężenia prądu wiązki, prędkości przesuwu, napięcia przyspieszającego na stabilność procesu napawania oraz wymiarów geometrycznych napoin. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, iż przy niskim natężeniu prądu wiązki proces napawania nie jest stabilny. Nadlew nie jest równomierny, można zaobserwować nierównomierność szerokości, wysokości i prostoliniowości nadlewu. Przy zbyt wysokim napięciu przyspieszającym oraz natężeniu prądu wiązki można zaobserwować przetopienie płyty próbnej na wskroś i wyciek w grani. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały również, iż wzrost prędkości napawania (przesuwu stołu) powoduje zmniejszenie szerokości lica oraz wysokości nadlewu.

EN

The aim of the presented work was to carry out the research on electron beam cladding with a wire as a filler material. The scope of the work was to investigate the influence of technological parameters such as: wire feed rate, beam current, travelling speed, acceleration voltage on stability of the cladding process and geometric dimensions of the padding welds. The research revealed that, at low beam currents, the cladding process is unstable. The padding weld reinforcement is non-uniform. Irregularity of the width, height and straightness of the padding welds can be observed. At too high acceleration voltage and beam current, burn-through of plate and excess penetration weld can be revealed. The study also showed that increase of the cladding rate (travelling speed on the table) results in reduced face width and padding weld reinforcement.

13

Wybrane właściwości warstw porowatych powstałych podczas mikrospawania opornościowo-impulsowego

Depczyński W., Młynarczyk P., Ziach E.

Mechanik

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2017

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R. 90, nr 1

56--57

PL

Zaprezentowano sposób wytworzenia porowatej warstwy wierzchniej na stali przy pomocy mikrospawania opornościowo-impulsowego z wykorzystaniem urządzenia WS7000S. Scharakteryzowano właściwości uzyskanej napoiny porowatej. Przeprowadzono badania własności mechanicznych oraz obserwację mikrostruktury.

EN

Presented was the way of forming a porous surface layer on steel with microwelding resistive-pulse using a device WS7000S. Porous properties of the resulting layer were characterized. Mechanical properties were studied and the microstructure was observed.

14

Wybrane właściwości i mikrostruktura złącza ze stopu tytanu spawanego wiązką elektronów

Spadło S., Depczyński W., Młynarczyk P., Wójtowicz W., Mijas R.

Mechanik

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2017

|

R. 90, nr 11

1069--1071

PL

W artykule przedstawiono badania mikrostruktury oraz właściwości i parametrów technicznych spoin wykonanych metodą spawania wiązką elektronową (EBW). Spawanie wiązką elektronową jest procesem łączenia odpowiednim zwłaszcza w przypadku tytanu i innych materiałów podatnych na utlenianie, ponieważ musi się odbywać w próżni. Kwalifikacji spoiny pod względem integralności połączenia dokonano na podstawie badania właściwości mechanicznych i oceny mikrostruktury. Mikrotwardość spoiny zmierzono urządzeniem Matsuzawa-Vickers MX 100 – zastosowano obciążenie 100 G (0,98 N). Do zbadania mikrostruktury i określenia wielkości poszczególnych stref przegubowych użyto mikroskopu Nikon Eclipse MA200.

EN

The paper presents microstructure investigations as well as properties and technical parameters of welds made using the electron beam welding method (EBW). Electron beam welding is a bonding process, especially suitable in the case of titanium and other oxidation-sensitive materials, because it must be carried out in a vacuum. Integrity of the joint was determined on the basis of mechanical properties and microstructure evaluation. The micro-hardness of the weld was measured with the Matsuzawa-Vickers MX 100 – a load of 100 G (0.98 N) was used. Nikon Eclipse MA200 microscope was used to examine the microstructure and determining the size of individual articulation zones.

15

Wpływ parametrów spawania opornościowo-impulsowego superstopów niklu na wybrane właściwości połączenia

Spadło S., Depczyński W., Młynarczyk P., Gajewski T., Dąbrowa J.

Mechanik

|

2017

|

R. 90, nr 11

1060--1062

PL

Zaprezentowano mikrostrukturę oraz badania mechaniczne spawów cienkich blach z superstopów na bazie niklu: Haynes 230 i Hastelloy X. Spoiny wykonano metodą mikrospawania opornościowo-impulsowego z wykorzystaniem urządzenia WS 7000S. Mikrotwardość złączy zmierzono twardościomierzem Matsuzawa Vickers MX 100 przy obciążeniu 100 G (0,98 N). Obserwacje metalograficzne przygotowanych zgładów przeprowadzono za pomocą mikroskopu optycznego Nikon Eclipse MA200 przy różnych powiększeniach. Badania mikrostruktury metalograficznej uzupełniono analizą liniową składu chemicznego. Wykorzystano do tego mikrosondę elektronową typu OXFORD X-MAX.

EN

Microstructure and mechanical tests of welds of thin sheets made from nickel-based super-alloys (Haynes 230 and Hastelloy X) were presented. The welds were made using the resistive-pulse micro-welding method using the WS 7000S device. The micro-hardness of the joints was measured with a Matsuzawa Vickers MX 100 hardness tester at 100 G (0.98 N). Metallographic observations of the prepared micro-sections were performed using the Nikon Eclipse MA200 optical microscope at various magnifications. The metallographic microstructure studies were supplemented by linear analysis of the chemical composition, for which the OXFORD X-MAX electron microscope was applied.

16

System for nonstandard testing of erosive wear of materials

Mizak W., Mazurkiewicz A.

Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance - Problemy Eksploatacji

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2017

|

no. 4

27--35

EN

The article presents a systemic approach to erosive wear testing that allows nonstandard erosion tests of construction and functional materials to be carried out in a wide range of variability of the erosion process parameters, and the testing system allows the identification of phenomena occurring during impact erosion. The methodology and a unique device for the simulation of the erosive wear process included in the developed research system were presented. The results of verification tests of the authors’ system for nonstandard testing of erosive wear of construction and functional materials are also shown in the article.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano systemowe podejście do badań zużycia erozyjnego umożliwiające przeprowadzenie niestandardowych testów erozyjnych materiałów konstrukcyjnych i funkcjonalnych realizowanych w szerokim zakresie zmienności parametrów procesu erozji oraz pozwalające na identyfikację zjawisk zachodzących podczas erozji uderzeniowej. Przedstawiono metodykę i unikatowe urządzenie do symulacji procesu zużywania erozyjnego wchodzące w skład opracowanego systemu badawczego. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań weryfikacyjnych autorskiego systemu ponadnormatywnych badań zużycia erozyjnego materiałów konstrukcyjnych i funkcjonalnych.

17

Modyfikacja powierzchni stali przy użyciu technologii FSP

Węglowski M. S.

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2016

|

nr 11-12

55--58

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nową technologię tarciowej modyfikacji warstw wierzchnich z mieszaniem materiału (ang. friction stir processing − FSP). Technologia ta wywodzi się z metody zgrzewania tarciowego z mieszaniem materiału zgrzeiny (ang. friction stir welding – FSW). Na podstawie przeglądu literatury omówiono zalety oraz możliwe zastosowania technologii FSP do modyfikowania stali. Wskazano na to, że technologia ta powinna uzyskać uznanie w polskim przemyśle, który jest coraz bardziej zainteresowany wdrażaniem innowacyjnych technologii.

EN

A new technology of the friction stir processing (FSP) of material top layers has been presented in the article. The technology is derived from the friction stir welding (FSW) method. On the basis of a literature review, the advantages and possible applications of the FSP technology for steel modification have been discussed. It has been pointed out that the technology should gain recognition in the Polish industry, which is more and more interested in the implementation of advanced technologies.

18

The impact of magnetron source power on mechanical properties and phase composition of TiB2 coatings

Rydzewski M., Kacprzyńska-Gołacka J., Słomka Z., Mazurkiewicz A., Smolik J.

Problemy Eksploatacji

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2016

|

no. 4

53--61

EN

PVD coatings are widely used in the tool industry. They use hard materials, such as carbides, borides, and nitrides of metallic elements, because these materials have good wear resistance and stability at elevated temperatures. Titanium diboride-TiB2 is a very interesting compound used for coatings in the tool industry. The results of the analysis of research directions in the field of coatings and layers with special operating properties (high hardness, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and good corrosion resistance) indicate that coatings and layers based on TiB2 are one of the most effective materials that improve tool durability. The paper presents the mechanical properties of TiB2 coatings obtained using the magnetron sputtering method in the function of sputtering process power of TiB2 target. The paper includes hardness and Young' s modulus measurements performed with nanoindentation method, and phase composition analysis, and the evaluation of the microstructure and topography using a Hitachi TM3000 scanning electron microscope.

PL

Powłoki PVD znajdują powszechne zastosowanie w przemyśle narzędziowym. Do ich wytwarzania stosuje się twarde związki takie jak: węgliki, borki, azotki metali, które charakteryzują się dobrą odpornością tribologiczną oraz stabilnością w podwyższonej temperaturze. Dwuborek tytanu - TiB2 jest bardzo interesującym materiałem powłokowym, cieszącym się dużym zainteresowaniem w przemyśle narzędziowym. Analiza literatury w zakresie powłok funkcjonalnych (powłok o dużej twardości, dobrym przewodnictwie cieplnym i elektrycznym, dobrej odporności korozyjnej) wskazuje TiB2 jako jeden z najbardziej efektywnych materiałów zwiększających trwałość narzędzi przeznaczonych do obróbki powierzchniowej stopów metali nieżelaznych. W artykule przedstawiono właściwości mechaniczne powłok TiB2 otrzymanych z wykorzystaniem metody rozpylania magnetronowego w funkcji mocy rozpylania targetu TiB2. Artykuł zawiera pomiary twardości oraz modułu Younga, analizę struktury fazowej, badania mikrostruktury oraz badania odporności na pękanie cienkich powłok.

19

Sposoby przygotowania warstwy wierzchniej w połączeniach adhezyjnych

Sommer S.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2015

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R. 22, nr 12

2119--2121, CD

PL

W artykule przedstawiono idee przygotowania warstwy wierzchniej do połączeń adhezyjnych oraz wybrane metody przygotowania tej warstwy: mechaniczne oraz fizyczne. Proces ten jest istotny ze względu na decydujące znaczenie trwałości uzyskanego połączenia klejonego. W przypadku zaniedbań może dojść do osłabienia wytrzymałości, a w najgorszym wypadku rozłączenia warstw i zniszczenia konstrukcji.

EN

The article presents the idea of preparation the surface layer of adhesive connections and selected methods of preparation of this layer: mechanical and physical. This process is very important because it is critical in the stability of obtained adhesive connection. In the case of negligence it may occur in weakening of durability, and in the worst case, disconnection of layers and structural damage.

20

Wytwarzanie powłok i modyfikacja powierzchni przy użyciu wiązki elektronów w spawalnictwie

Pilarczyk J., Węglowski M. St.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2015

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R. 87, nr 9

38--42

PL

Wiązka elektronów, pomimo szeroko rozpowszechnionych technologii łukowych oraz laserowych, jest nadal powszechnie stosowana w przemyśle: motoryzacyjnym, budowie maszyn, elektronicznym, elektrotechnicznym i lotniczym. Technologia umożliwia wykonywanie wysokiej jakości połączeń z wszystkich spawalnych metali konstrukcyjnych. Jest również stosowana do wytwarzania warstw i powłok poprzez napawanie i modyfikowanie powierzchni. W artykule przybliżono przykłady zastosowania wiązki elektronów uwzględniając szybkie prototypowanie, teksturyzację powierzchni, napawanie przy użyciu drutu oraz proszku, stopowanie. Podano informacje dotyczące możliwych technik jakie mogą być stosowane w trakcie w/w procesów.

EN

Electron beam, despite widespread arc and laser technologies, is still widely used in industry such as: automotive, mechanical engineering, electronics, electrical and aerospace. The technology allows to produced high quality welded joints from all weldable structural metals. It is also used for the production of films and coatings by deposition and surface modification. In the paper approximated examples of the use of the electron beam given by the rapid prototyping, texturisation surface, cladding with wire and powder as well as alloying. Provides information about the possible techniques that can be used during these processes.