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Surface Properties of Particles Emitted from Selected Coal-Fired Heating Plants and Electric Power Stations in Poland : Preliminary Results

Pastuszka J.S., Konieczyński J., Talik E.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 3

13--27

EN

The surface properties of particles emitted from six selected coal-fired power and heating plants in Poland have been studied in this work for the first time. Samples were collected beyond the control systems. Surface composition of the size-distributed particles was obtained by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reflection of the smallest, submicron particles was also measured to calculate their specific/mass absorption. The surface layer of the emitted particles was clearly dominated by oxygen, followed by silicon and carbon. The sum of the relative concentration of these elements was between 85.1% and 91.1% for coarse particles and 71.8–93.4% for fine/submicron particles. Aluminum was typically the fourth or fifth, or at least the sixth most common element. The mass absorption of the submicron particles emitted from the studied plants ranged from 0.02 m2g-1 to 0.03 m2g-1. Only specific absorption obtained for the “Nowy Wirek” heating plant was significantly higher than in other studied plants probably because the obsolete fire grate is used in this heating plant. The obtained results suggest that the power/heating-plant-emitted fine particles contain less carbonaceous material/elemental carbon on their surfaces than those that are typical in urban air.

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Concentration level and surface chemical composition of urban airborne particles near crossroads in Zabrze, Poland

Rogula W., Pastuszka J.S., Talik E.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2007

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Vol. 33, no. 2

23-34

EN

The paper presents results of investigations carried out in 2005 at six crossroads in Zabrze. The investigations comprised determinations of vehicular traffic intensity, observations of meteorological conditions and, as a main subject, determinations of concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at all observed sites. Structure of ambient aerosol in the vicinity of crossroads was compared with the structure of aerosol at a reference measuring point, located beyond effects of vehicular traffic, by determining a share of PM2.5 in PM10 for each site. At a selected crossroad the measurements lasted 11 days and the sampled dust was analyzed for chemical composition of surface of its particles with the use of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both the most abundant and trace elements in the surface layer of dust sampled at the crossroads were identified.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań prowadzonych w 2005 r. przy sześciu skrzyżowaniach w Zabrzu. Pomiary dotyczyły określenia natężenia ruchu na skrzyżowaniach, obserwacji parametrów meteorologicznych i przede wszystkim wyznaczenia stężeń pyłu PM2,5 i PM10 we wszystkich badanych punktach. Porównano strukturę aerozolu w okolicy skrzyżowań ze strukturą aerozolu w punkcie odniesienia oddalonym od wpływu komunikacji poprzez wyliczenie udziału PM2,5 w PM10 w każdym punkcie. W jednym z punktów pomiarowych pomiary prowadzono kilkanaście dni, a pobrane próby PM 10 poddano analizie składu chemicznego powierzchniowej warstwy pyłu metodą XPS. Zidentyfikowane zostały główne oraz występujące w śladowych ilościach pierwiastki na powierzchni pyłu pobranego przy skrzyżowaniu.

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Chemical composition of surface layer of PM1, PMl-2.5,PM2.5-10 [commun.]

Klejnowski K., Talik E., Pastuszka J., Rogula W., Krasa A.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2007

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Vol. 33, no. 3

89-95

EN

The paper presents results of application of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigations of external layer of particles of PM1, PMI-2.5, PM2.5-10, the three fractions of suspended dust. The dust was sampled with the use of a Dekati PM-10 impactor within premises of the Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze, and physicochemical analyzed in the Institute of Physics of the University of Silesia. Carbon was shown to be the chief component of the investigated dust particles. Its relative content in particle surface grows with decreasing aerodynamic diameter of particles.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania metody spektroskopii fotoelektronów wzbudzanych promieniami rentgenowskimi (XPS) do badania składu zewnętrznej warstwy pyłu zawieszonego rozdzielonego na frakcje PM1; PMl-2,5; PM2.5-10. Próby pyłu pobrano impaktorem Dekati PM-10 na terenie Instytutu Podstaw Inżynierii Środowiska Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Zabrzu, a badania fizykochemiczne przeprowadzono w Instytucie Fizyki Ciała Stałego Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Badania XPS wykazały, że węgiel był głównym komponentem badanych cząstek aerozolu, a jego względna zawartość w powierzchniowej warstwie wzrasta wraz ze zmniejszaniem się rozmiaru cząstki.

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Corrosion resistance and chemical composition investigations of passive layer on the implants surface of Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy

Walke W., Paszenda Z., Tyrlik-Held J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 16, nr 1-2

74--79

EN

Purpose: The paper presents results of corrosion resistance and surface properties of Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy used in interventional cardiology. Design/methodology/approach: The tests were carried out on grinded, electropolished and passivated samples. The pitting corrosion tests were realized by recording of anodic polarization curves with the use of the potentiodynamic method. The saturated calomel electrode (SCE) of KP-113 type was applied as the reference electrode. The tests were carried out in electrolyte simulating human blood environment (artificial plasma). Crevice corrosion resistance was carried out in accordance to the ASTM F-746-81:1999 standard. Chemical composition investigations of the passive layer were realized with the use of multifunctional electron spectrometer Physical Electronics PHI 5700/660. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with monochromatic radiation AlKα of 1486,6 eV was applied. Findings: Results of electrochemical tests have revealed the influence of surface preparation of the Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy on the corrosion resistance. The tests carried out in the artificial plasma for the grinded, the electropolished and the chemically passivated samples have showed that Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy is resistant to both crevice and pitting corrosion. The chemical composition analysis of the passive layer on Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy has revealed the presence of the following elements: C, O, N, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and W. Research limitations/implications: The research was carried out on samples, not on final elements. The tests were carried out in in vitro conditions. Practical implications: The suggested surface treatment can be used for implants made of the Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy. Originality/value: The proposed surface treatment ensures the increase of the corrosion resistance in the blood environment that increases biocompatibility.