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Spatio-temporal assessment of drought in the semi-arid region of Algerian steppe through index and remote sensing

Bouarfa Said, Farhi Yassine, Youb Okkacha, Boultf Meriem, Djoudi Warda, Faci Mohammed

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 53

210--218

EN

The scarcity of annual rainfall, which sometimes spreads over successive years, causes persistent droughts. In order to study the drought severity on the Algerian steppe, we analysed precipitation data (1985-2015) from the weather stations of Ain Sefra, El Bayadh, Tiaret and Djelfa, using drought meteorological indices: the mean deviation, the standardised precipitation index, the rainfall index and the frequency analysis of the rainfall series. Thus, we adopted the diachronic study by satellite remote sensing for the years 2002 (the driest year) and 2009 (the wettest year), which allowed us to better understand the evolution of the steppe rangelands surface and to better interpret their spatial-temporal changes. Drought, as determined by the mean deviation index, occurred during two periods (in sequence and corresponds to 55% the sequences of deficit years), one over 12 years (from 1994/1993 to 2006/2005) and the other over 5 years (1985-1990) and with isolated years. The results of the diachronic study of the vegetation change demonstrate the obvious divergence of the vegetation cover between 2002 and 2009. Drought has impacts on vegetation composition, growth, productivity, structure and functioning of ecosystems, which limits regeneration of vegetation cover.

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Effect of Soil Moisture on the Epigeic Arthropods Diversity in Steppe Landscape

Kirichenko-Babko Marina, Danko Yaroslav, Franus Małgorzata, Stępniewski Witold

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 5

137--147

EN

The consequences of global climate change are a decrease in precipitation as well as an increase in the length of the period with high temperatures from spring to autumn. The climate change intensified the negative consequences of land reclamation and regulation of rivers by dams in Ukraine in the 20th century. The modern landscape of the Circum-Pontic and Circum-Azov regions in Ukraine has undergone desertification, and a multiple reduction in the freshwater runoff has manifested itself in a violation of the water balance of soils and their salinization. In addition to the climate change and anthropic landscape transformations, most upland areas in southern Ukraine have been converted into farmland, systematically fertilized and treated with pesticides and herbicides. Total plowing of the territory also led to soil erosion and degradation. The global climate change and the impact of human activity have affected the diversity of the steppe fauna as well. The questions of the influence of soil humidity on the diversity of epigeic arthropods were considered on the example of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Soil moisture is one of the key factors that determines their diversity.

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Accelerated steppe demutation (ecological restoration) as an effective method for restoration of the Crimean steppe landscapes

Wakhrusheva L., Wakhrushev B.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2013

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nr 20

45--50

EN

Accelerated steppe demutation (ecological restoration) is an effective method for restoration of the Crimean steppe landscapes. Critical state of steppe type of vegetation is analyzed, the slow rate of natural demutation is assessed, the urgency of measures for accelerated restoration of steppe habitats is argued for. Data on flora of steppe areas of the Kerch peninsula steppe used as the bank for seed material are provided, as well as the data of the vegetation at the areas chosen for accelerated restoration. The experiment on accelerated demutation has been conducted following the method by D.S. Dzybov with the author’s modifications.

PL

Artykuł omawia stan krytyczny roślinności naturalnej krymskich stepów, wskazuje na wolny przebieg naturalnej demutacji i uzasadnia konieczność prowadzenia prac przyśpieszających odradzanie się stepowych fitocenozów. Scharakteryzowano florę obszarów stepowych Półwyspu Kerczeńskiego służących za obszary źródłowe materiału nasiennego oraz stan roślinności w obrębie obszarów, wytypowanych do demutacji roślinności stepowej. Eksperymentalne prace demutacyjne wykonano wg zmodyfikowanej przez autorów metody D.S. Dzybowa.

4

Intensity of organic matter decomposition in various landscapes of Caucasus (Daghestan)

Fischer Zofia, Niewinna Magdalena, Yasulbutaeva Irina

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 1

105-116

EN

Decomposition process in the soil of desert, steppe and mountain landscapes was studied in the region of Caucasus (Daghestan). The study sites differed mainly in average temperature and humidity being generally extremely dry with soil poor in organic matter. Two methods - bags with grass and cellulose filter paper discs were used. No dependence was found between the rate of decomposition of introduced organic matter and organic nitrogen content, and C:N ratio in soil, but strong dependence was found with temperature and humidity conditions. The measured rate of organic matter decomposition in soil of desert, steppe, and mountain sites indicated that the level of decomposition activity of these soils is high. In summer it is lowest in steppe (1.97 mg [x] g^-1 [x] 24 h^-1), whereas the highest in mountains (5.68 mg [x] g^-1 [x] 24 h^-1). The annual average rate of decomposition of cellulose discs and hay in mountain site was almost two times higher than in steppe site and nearly three times higher than in desert site. Mainly climatic conditions i.e. long-lasting drought (almost all the year) in desert as well as in steppe (January to August) are responsible for this difference.