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EN
The article presents the validation of two methods for analyzing the aerodynamic properties of the aircraft wing concerning aeroelastic effects. The first method is based on low-cost computational models (Euler-Bernoulli Beam Model and Vortex Lattice Method [VLM]). Its primary objective is to estimate the wing’s deformation early in the design stages and during the automatic optimization process. The second one is a method that uses solutions of unsteady Navier-Stokes equations (URANS). This method suits early design, particularly for unconventional designs or flight conditions exceeding low-fidelity method limits. The coupling of the flow and structural models was done by Radial Basis Functions implemented as a user-defined module in the ANSYS Fluent solver. The structural model has variants for linear and nonlinear wing deformations. Features enhancing applicability for real-life applications, such as the definition of deformable and nondeformable mesh zones with smooth transition between them, have been included in this method. A rectangular wing of a high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) aeroplane, built based on the NACA 0012 profile, was used to validate both methods. The resulting deflections and twists of the wing have been compared with reference data for the linear and nonlinear variants of the model.
PL
Wiadukty w ciągu Trasy Łazienkowskiej nad ulicą Paryską w Warszawie funkcjonują prawie pięćdziesiąt lat. Obecnie trwają przygotowania do ich rozbiórki. W artykule przestawiono niektóre powody, które mogły przyczynić się do podjęcia przez zarządcę decyzji o wymianie konstrukcji.
EN
Viaducts along Trasa Łazienkowska (municipal expressway) in Warsaw are used almost 50 years. Their technical behavior is critical. The paper presents causes of making decision to demolish them and build new one.
EN
A mathematical model is developed for static analysis of small-scale thinwalled beams having arbitrary cross sections. Constitutive relations of the thin-walled beams are defined upon the two-phase local-nonlocal mixture model with integral formulation. The developed model includes flexural-torsional coupling and warping effects. Governing equations of the thin-walled beams having nonlocal property are derived by using the principle of minimum potential energy. The displacement based finite element method is used to solve both local and nonlocal part of the model. The effect of the nonlocal parameters on the static behavior of micro-scale thin-walled beams having closed and open cross-sections is examined and discussed for various nonlocal parameters and boundary conditions.
PL
Materiały budowlane absorbują kapilarnie wilgoć, gdy mają z nią bezpośrednią styczność. W artykule przedstawiono analizę statyczną mocowania zabezpieczających barier w uszkodzonych loggiach budynków 5-kondygnacyjnych, wykonanych w technologii uprzemysłowionej z elementami technologii tradycyjnej, zrealizowanych w latach osiemdziesiątych XX w. Źle wyprofilowane zabezpieczenie połączenia elementów stalowych balustrad z konstrukcją murową wielokrotnie jest głównym transporterem wody w strukturę muru, a co za tym idzie powoduje pogorszenie parametrów wytrzymałościowych i statycznych zaprojektowanych połączeń. W analizie wytrzymałościowej przedstawiono wykorzystanie programów MES oraz role poprawnie przeprowadzonych badań in situ.
EN
Building materials absorb moisture by capillary action when in direct contact with it. The article presents a static analysis of fastening of protective barriers in damaged logs of 5-storey buildings, made in industrialized technology with elements of traditional technology, implemented in the 1980s. Badly profiled protection of the connection of steel railings with the masonry structure, many times it is the main transport of water into the wall structure and thus causes deterioration of the strength and static parameters of the designed connections. The use of MES programs and the roles of correctly conducted In situ tests were presented in the strength analysis.
EN
Prosthetic legs are mainly used to perform leg amputations more easily and sometimes the appearance is similar to a real leg. Different types of legs have been developed in recent days to be used in specific fields like running, cycling in sports and normal walking. The selection of materials and load bearing capacity of a leg determines its usage for any field of application. The behavior of prosthetic legs can be assessed properly by performing a finite element analysis on it with varying material properties and loads before it undergoes a designing and manufacturing stage. In the current study, Al alloy, Ti alloy, unidirectional Carbon fiber epoxy (UDCFE) and combined composite material which include (CF, UDCFE and Ti alloy) are used as materials for the prosthetic leg. A prosthetic leg model of C Type with its main parts being the sleeve, the rod and the base foot was designed initially by using the Solid Works 2010 software and the assembled file was imported to Ansys Workbench 2020 to perform a static and fatigue analysis. The static analysis was performed under four different load conditions, i.e. 60 kg, 70 kg, 80 kg and 90 kg, considering the different human weights of the body. A fatigue analysis was done by using the Soderberg method and applying a sinusoidal varying load for low cycle fatigue conditions. Theoretical calculations were also performed at various inclinations of foot 10°, 20°, and 30° with the ground and stresses were evaluated using finite element equations. The results obtained theoretically were compared with the analytical results. The best material which provided the lesser value of deformation and sustaining more loads with a lower value of the damage factor was selected for the design. Further experimental studies were suggested based on the results obtained from this work.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono analizę statyczną stalowej hali zbudowanej z jednowarstwowej siatki prętów o kształcie walcowym zamocowanej na sztywno na słupach. Za pomocą sześciu modeli przestrzennych zbadano wpływ wprowadzenia do układu przepon w postaci przestrzennej siatki prętów i ich lokalizacji w konstrukcji na uzyskiwane wartości naprężeń i przemieszczeń. Uzyskane wyniki przedyskutowano, a wnioski poparto analizą wyboczeniową układu.
EN
The paper presents the static analysis of a steel hall made of a single-layer cylindrical bar mesh connected rigidly on poles. Using six 3D numerical models, the influence of introducing diaphragms in the form of a spatial mesh of bars into the system and their location in the structure on the obtained results of stresses and displacements was considered. The obtained results were discussed and the conclusions were supported by the buckling analysis of the system.
PL
W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono analizę statyczną i rozwiązano zagadnienie własne dla modeli przestrzennych billboardów o trzech różnych geometriach i powierzchniach tablicy reklamowej. W oparciu o uzyskane wyniki przedyskutowano wpływ zastosowanego kształtu konstrukcji na wartości naprężeń i przemieszczeń w układzie. Uzyskane wartości częstotliwości wraz z formami drgań dla poszczególnych postaci opatrzono stosownym komentarzem.
EN
In the presented paper the results of static analysis are presented as well as the eigenproblem solution for 3D models of billboards with three different forms of their geometry and dimensions of advertising board. Based on these data, the influence of the applied structure shape on the values of stresses and displacements identified in such billboards is discussed. The determined values of the natural frequencies, and also the forms of vibrations specific for individual modes are provided with an appropriate commentary.
PL
W stale rozwijających się miastach konieczne staje się poszukiwanie nowych ciągów komunikacyjnych, mających na celu zaspokojenie potrzeb mieszkańców miasta. Na przykładzie mostu na rzece Bystrzycy w Lublinie przeanalizowano historię wcześniejszych obiektów, a także możliwości budowy nowego obiektu mostowego. Do analizy przyjęto założenia i wykorzystano program Midas Civil 2020. Pozwoliło to na opracowanie koncepcji budowy mostu. Po czym rozważaniu poddano walory estetyczne obiektu, gdyż ma to bezpośredni wpływ na postrzeganie mostu i jego otoczenia. Wnioski przedstawiają zarówno wady, jak i zalety przyjętych rozwiązań.
EN
In constantly developing cities, it is becoming necessary to look for new transportation routes to meet the needs of city residents. Using the example of the bridge over the river Bystrzyca in Lublin, the history of previous structures was analyzed, as well as the possibility of building a new bridge structure. For the analysis, assumptions were made and the Midas Civil 2020 program was used. This allowed the development of a concept for the construction of the bridge. Afterwards, the aesthetic qualities of the structure were considered, as they have a direct impact on the perception of the bridge and its surroundings. The conclusions present both advantages and disadvantages of the adopted solutions.
EN
Static shearing, drawing, and dynamic impact test schemes of carbon fber reinforced polymer (CFRP)/aluminum alloy (Al) bolt joint were designed. The fnite element model of the CFRP/Al bolt joint was established, and the failure modes of the joints under the static and dynamic impact conditions were analyzed. The structure, lay-up, and connection parameters of the joint were defned as design variables, and the static and dynamic impact performance indicators of the joint and the lay-up numbers of the CFRP sheet were defned as optimization objectives. Integrated multiobjective optimization was conducted for joints, employing the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) surrogate model, elitist nondominated sorting genetic (NSGA-II) algorithm, and entropy-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (E-TOPSIS) decision method. The best trade-of solution was obtained, and the optimal design variables were determined. The optimized joint was fabricated, and static and dynamic impact tests were carried out. The test and simulation results were compared to verify the efectiveness of simulation and optimization.
10
Content available remote Investigation of structural performance of historical Amasya Hundi Hatun Bridge
EN
Bridges have been built by many civilizations throughout history to connect the two banks of a river. There have been numerous historical bridges built in Anatolian geography because the area has served as a bridge to various civilizations. This study performed a structural evaluation of the Hundi Hatun Bridge in Amasya, Turkey. First, a 3D model of the bridge was created in a digital environment, and then static and dynamic analyses were performed with software using the ANSYS Workbench finite element method. The bridge demonstrated sufficient dimensions under static loads and in the modal analysis, although the arches were subject to translational movement in the flow direction of the river. In addition, linear and nonlinear material models were used to perform dynamic analyses, including bridge seismic analyses. The linear material model indicated that the bridge is safe, while the nonlinear material model revealed that damage may occur, especially at the abutments and peak regions of the bridge. Moreover, the bridge arch flatness was determined to be a very important parameter. The results of this study can be used to guide future restoration efforts.
EN
The paper presents an analysis of selected design solutions for spur gears with reduced weight, in which the results obtained are compared to a solid gear without modifications. The reduction of the weight of the gears is of particular importance, among others in the automotive and aviation industries, where it reduces energy consumption, and thus CO2 emissions. It is also important to remember to maintain the required strength parameters when reducing the mass of the gear. This article focuses on the analysis of deformation and stress due to a given load on the considered weight-reduced gears. The values of the obtained static analysis results of the reduced-weight gears were also compared to the base gear.
EN
In paper has been carried out to develop a load-bearing floor to increase the carrying capacity of the solid-body rail freight car. An analysis of the structures made it possible to formulate the hypothesis that the load-bearing floor of the solid-body rail freight car should have a different cross-sectional shape. As a result, the load-bearing floor of the solid-body rail freight car was proposed, making it possible to reduce the consumption of materials by 1 to 2%. The maximum equivalent stresses (according to Mises) of the proposed load-bearing floor of the solid-body rail freight car in static analysis are 210.7 MPa, which is less than the yield limit of simple carbon steel. The proposed technical solution allows one to increase the carrying capacity of the solid-body rail freight car by 1.4-1.7 tons. The proposed technical solutions for the future operating conditions of rail freight cars make it possible to reduce the number of units in a train by 1-2 units while maintaining the gross weight of the train.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy osiadań podłoża budynku głównego bloku energetycznego o mocy 910 MW w Elektrowni Jaworzno III – Elektrownia II. Analiza bazowała na wynikach wierceń, sondowań dynamicznych, sondowań statycznych CPTU i testach DMT. Obliczenia osiadań przeprowadzono metodą analizy statycznej.
EN
The paper presents the results of static analysis of subsoil settlements the main building of 910 MW power unit in Power plant Jaworzno III – Power plant II. The analysis based on results of drilling, dynamic penetration tests, static penetration CPTU and DMT tests. The calculation of settlements were performed using static method.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki analiz osiadań podłoża obiektów instalacji odsiarczania spalin bloku energetycznego o mocy 910 MW w Elektrowni Jaworzno III - Elektrownia II. Obliczenia przeprowadzono stosując analizę statyczną i numeryczną.
EN
The paper presents the results of analyses of subsoil settlements objects of the flue gas desulphurization installation 910 MW power unit in Power plant Jaworzno III - Power plant II. The analyses based on results of CPTU and DMT tests. The calculation of the settlements were performed using static and numerical methods.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki analiz osiadań podłoża nastawni blokowej i oczyszczalni ścieków instalacji odsiarczania spalin bloku energetycznego o mocy 910 MW w Elektrowni Jaworzno III – Elektrownia II. Obliczenia przeprowadzono przy użyciu analizy statycznej i numerycznej.
EN
The paper presents the results of analyses of subsoil settlements of block control building and sewage treatment plant of the flue gas desulphurization installation 910 MW power unit in Power plant Jaworzno III - Power plant II. The analyses based on results of CPTU and DMT tests. The calculation of the settlements were performed using static and numerical methods.
EN
In this study, static behaviors of functionally graded plates resting on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation using the four-variable refined theory and the physical neutral surface concept is reported. The four-variable refined theory assumes that the transverse shear strain has a parabolic distribution across the plate’s thickness, thus, there is no need to use the shear correction factor. The material properties of the plate vary continuously and smoothly according to the thickness direction by a power-law distribution. The geometrical middle surface of the functionally graded plate selected in computations is very popular in the existing literature. By contrast, in this study, the physical neutral surface of the plate is used. Based on the four-variable refined plate theory and the principle of virtual work, the governing equations of the plate are derived. Next, an analytical solution for the functionally graded plate resting on the Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation is solved using the Navier’s procedure. In numerical investigations, a comparison of the static behaviors of the functionally graded plate between several models of displacement field using the physical neutral surface is given, and parametric studies are also presented.
EN
The future of automotive industry is to design and develop electrical vehicles to control the emissions released from gaseous fuels and not to release any harmful gases in to atmosphere. In this work, an attempt was made to analyze the behavior of two wheeler E- bike with alternative materials of frame such as Aluminum alloy (Al-A), Titanium alloy (Ti-A), Grey cast iron (G-CI), Carbon fiber epoxy (CF-E), and Structural steel (ST-S) and compared with AISI-1020 material. The frame of Yamaha R15 is initially modeled by using solid work and imported to Ansys. Static analysis was performed by applying a load of 1500 N on the frame and Impact analysis was performed by applying velocity of 27.7 m/s along X direction. The values of equivalent von Mises stress and total deformation for all the materials are observed. After performing static analysis, it was observed that, CF- Epoxy material exhibited higher value of Equivalent von Mises stress (7.659*107 Pa) and lower total deformation of (0.304×10-6 mm) compared to remaining materials. Based on impact analysis , it was observed that, CF-E exhibited better von Mises stress of (3994.9 MPa) closer to AISI 1020 and structural steel materials and total deformation is observed to be lower value (0.1106 mm) compared to remaining materials.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy statycznej wpływu przyjętego modelu obliczeniowego na wartości sił wewnętrznych w konstrukcji zbiornika. Do analizy przyjęto monolityczny żelbetowy zbiornik cylindryczny na wodę o średnicy D=6,6 m i wysokości H=6,0 m. Obliczenia statyczne wykonano metodą analityczną (wg teorii powłok i teorii sprężystości) oraz dla trzech modeli obliczeniowych zbiornika z zastosowaniem metody elementów skończonych. Analizowano wpływ podatnego styku w połączeniu ściany z płytą denną i uwzględnienie współpracy konstrukcji zbiornika z podłożem gruntowym. Przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą uzyskanych wartości momentów zginających w płycie dennej oraz momentów południkowych, sił południkowych i równoleżnikowych w cylindrycznej ścianie.
EN
The paper presents results of static analysis of the impact of the adopted computational model on the values of internal forces in a tank structure. A monolithic cylindrical RC water tank of 6.6 m in diameter and 6.0 m in height was used for analysis. Static computations are made using analytical method (according to shell theory and theory of elasticity) and for three tank models the finite element method is used. The impact of elastic contact zone in the connection of the wall with the bottom plate is analysed. Additionally, the model accounts for the interaction of the tank structure with the ground substrate. A comparative analysis of the resulting values of bending moments in the bottom plate as well as vertical moments, vertical and circumferential forces in the cylindrical wall is carried out.
PL
Autorzy artykułu dokonali próby weryfikacji wpływu wartości prędkości z jaką porusza się pojazd szynowy oraz parametrów samego pojazdu na odpowiedź dynamiczną konstrukcji mostowej. Artykuł został podzielony na trzy części. Pierwsza z nich dotyczy studiów literatury, w której zawarto przykłady publikacji odnoszących się do zagadnień związanych z dynamicznymi badaniami in situ. Druga część przedstawia szczegółowy opis przeprowadzonych badań polowych w ramach których wykonano badania statyczne oraz dynamiczne analizowanej konstrukcji kratownicowej mostu kolejowego. Trzecia, ostatnia stanowi podsumowanie przeprowadzonych badań, w której zawarto najważniejsze wnioski. Badania przeprowadzono w ciągu linii kolejowej nr E30 w km 127.475 na szlaku Ropczyce – Sędziszów Małopolski odcinek Dębica – Sędziszów Małopolski w Polsce. Badania w terenie składały się z dwóch części: pomiarów przemieszczeń od obciążeń statycznych oraz pomiarów przemieszczeń i przyspieszeń podczas przejazdu zestawem lokomotyw. Badania statyczne zostały wykonane 14.09.2016 r. W trakcie badań statycznych most został obciążony obciążeniem równym masie dwóch lokomotyw spalinowych typu ST43 oraz ST45. Masa obu lokomotyw wynosiła 218 600 kg. Nacisk pojedynczej osi na tok szynowy był równy 179 kN. Skład obciążający składał się łącznie z 12 osi obciążeniowych, czyli 24 kół. Całkowita długość dwóch połączonych lokomotyw wynosiła 35.10 m, co stanowiło 68% długości teoretycznej mostu. Badania w zakresie dynamicznym przeprowadzono w dwóch terminach, 14.09.2016r. i w nocy z 7 na 8.11.2017 r. w godzinach 23:00 – 3:00.
EN
The dynamic analyses are of key importance in the cognitive process in terms of the correct operation of structures loaded with time alternating forces. The development of vehicle industry, which directly results in an increase in the speed of moving vehicles, forces the design of engineering structures that ensure their safe use. The authors of the paper verified the influence of speed and vehicle parameters such as mass, width of track of wheels and their number on the values of displacements and accelerations of selected bridge elements. The problem was treated as the case study, because the analyses were made for one bridge and the passage of three types of locomotives. The response of the structure depends on the technological solutions adopted in the bridge, its technical condition, as well as the quotient of the length of the object and vehicle. A new bridge structure was analyzed and dynamic tests were carried out for trainsets consisting of one and two locomotives. During the actual dynamic tests, the structure was loaded with a locomotive moving at a maximum speed of 160 km/h.
20
Content available Budynek wysokościowy
PL
Budynek wysokościowy o wysokości całkowitej 125 m został poddany szczegółowej analizie statycznej. Obciążenia przyjęto zgodnie z normami PN-EN 1991, a oddziaływania wiatru sprawdzono również numerycznym tunelem aerodynamicznym. Ponadto przeprowadzono szeroki zakres obliczeń wytrzymałościowych zgodnie z normami PN-EN 1992 i PN-EN 1993 oraz uwzględniono wpływ podłoża gruntowego na konstrukcję.
EN
The high-rise building with total height of 125 metres has been preciesly analyzed. The loads have been assumed due to PN-EN 1991 code, the wind loads have been also checked by the numeric wind tunnel. Moreover, the wide range of dimensioning calculations have been carried out due to PN-EN 1992 and PN-EN 1993 as well as soil influence on building has been taken into consideration.
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