Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Staliwo stopowe wysokomanganowe w zastosowaniach na odlewane elementy infrastruktury kolejowej

Wróbel Tomasz, Bartocha Dariusz, Jezierski Jan, Sobula Sebastian, Kostrzewa Krzysztof, Feliks Edward

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2023

|

nr 1-2

30--34

PL

W publikacji przedstawiono charakterystykę staliwa stopowego wysokomanganowego, potocznie określanego mianem staliwa Hadfielda. Staliwa z tej grupy w warunkach wzrostu ciśnienia lub obciążenia, np. w wyniku uderzenia, wykazują dużą skłonność do tzw. umocnienia zgniotem, objawiającego się zwiększeniem powierzchniowej twardości i odporności na zużycie przy zachowaniu ciągliwości rdzenia.

EN

The paper presents the characteristics of a high-manganese alloy cast steel, commonly referred to as Hadfield cast steel. Cast steels of this group demonstrate a high tendency to the so-called strain hardening under the conditions of pressure or load increase, e.g. as a result of an impact, which is manifested by an increase in surface hardness and wear resistance while maintaining the ductility of the core. This is decisive for the applicability of a high-manganese cast steel for the castings of hammers and liners for coal mills and other mills, crusher cones, working elements of construction machines as well as cast elements of turnouts. In particular, the paper presents the chemical composition and usable properties of a high- -manganese cast steel intended for use in railway infrastructure as well as the characteristics of its microstructure finally shaped by heat treatment.

2

Effect of Corrosion on Wear Resistance of the Composite Based on GX120Mn13 Cast Steel Zonally Reinforced with Particles (Al2O3+ZrO2)

Medyński Daniel

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

133--139

EN

The subject of the work are modern composite materials with increased wear resistance intended for elements of machines operating in difficult conditions in the construction and mining industries. The study determined the effect of zone reinforcement of GX120Mn13 cast steel with macroparticles (Al2O3 + ZrO2) on the corrosion resistance and abrasion wear of the composite thus obtained. SEM studies have shown that at interface between two phases, and more precisely on the surface of particles (Al2O3 + ZrO2) a durable diffusion layers are formed. During the corrosion tests, no significant differences were found between the obtained parameters defining the corrosion processes of GX120Mn13 cast steel and GX120Mn13 with particles (Al2O3 + ZrO2) composite. No intergranular corrosion was observed in the matrix of the composite material, nor traces of pitting corrosion at both phases interface. This is very important in terms of tested material’s service life. Reinforcement of cast steel with particles (Al2O3 + ZrO2) resulted in a very significant improvement in the abrasion resistance of the composite – by about 70%. After corrosion tests, both materials were subjected to further operational investigations. These examinations consisted in determining the impact of corrosion processes on the durability of the composite in terms of abrasion. The obtained results indicate that corrosion processes did not significantly deteriorate the wear resistance of both the cast steel and the composite.

3

Flaw Detection of Cast-Steel Safety Parts in Automotive Application

Dizdar K. C., Sahin H., Ardicli M., Dispinar D.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, iss. 1

13--17

EN

Casting is the most economical way of producing parts for many industries ranging from automotive, aerospace to construction towards small appliances in many shares. One of the challenges is the achievement of defect-free cast parts. There are many ways to do this which starts with calculation and design of proper runner system with correct size and number of feeders. The first rule suggests starting with clean melt. Yet, rejected parts can still be found. Although depending on the requirement from the parts, some defects can be tolerated, but in critical applications, it is crucial that no defect should exist that would deteriorate the performance of the part. Several methods exist on the foundry floor to detect these defects. Functional safety criteria, for example, are a must for today's automotive industry. These are not compromised under any circumstances. In this study, based on the D-FMEA (Design Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) study of a functional safety criterion against fuel leakage, one 1.4308 cast steel function block, which brazed-on fuel rail port in fuel injection unit, was investigated. Porosity, buckling, inclusion and detection for leak were carried out by non-destructive test (NDT) methods. It was found that the best practice was the CT-Scan (Computed Tomography) for such applications.

4

Materials used in the structure of rail vehicle wheels

Słowiński Marcin Stanisław

Pojazdy Szynowe

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2021

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Nr 4

14--24

EN

The subject of this text is the description of structural materials used in the structure of railway vehicle wheels. The characteristic of this structural element as well as its functional and material requirements are presented. The description of commonly used carbon steels and alternative construction materials, such as cast steel, ADI cast iron or aluminum alloys, are presented in the further part, which are supposed to limit the wear of the wheel-rail friction pair and reduce the level of noise.

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu jest opis materiałów konstrukcyjnych stosowanych w budowie kół pojazdów szynowych. Przedstawiono charakterystykę tego elementu konstrukcyjnego, a także jego wymagania funkcjonalne oraz materiałowe. W dalszej części zaprezentowano opis powszechnie używanych stali węglowych oraz alternatywnych materiałów konstrukcyjnych, takich jak staliwa, żeliwa ADI czy stopy aluminium, które w założeniu miałyby ograniczać zużywanie pary ciernej koło-szyna oraz zmniejszać poziom emitowanego hałasu.

5

Microsegregation of Elements in Steel Composite Reinforced with Ceramic

Medyński D., Janus A. J.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, iss. 1

63--66

EN

The paper presents results of research on steel castings GX120Mn13 (L120G13 by PN-89/H-83160), zone-reinforced by elektrocorundum particles (Al2O3), with a grain size from 2 to 3.5 mm. Studies revealed continuity at interface between composite components and formation of a diffusion zone in the surface layer of electrocorundum grains. In the area of this zone, simple manganese segregation and reverse iron and chromium segregation were found. The transfer of these elements from cast steel to electrocorundum grains resulted superficial depletion in aluminum and oxygen in this area. No porosity was observed at the interface between two components of the composite. We found it very beneficial from an exploitation point of view, as confirmed by the study of resistance to abrasive wear.

6

Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Steel Carried out on Cast-on Samples and Samples Cast Separately

Kalandyk B. E., Zapała R. E.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, iss. 2

81--88

EN

The results of microstructure examinations and UTS, YS, El, RA carried out on low-carbon cast steel containing 0.15% C. The tests were carried out on specimens cut out from samples cast on a large-size casting and from samples cast in separate foundry moulds. It has been shown that significant differences in grain size observed in the material of the separately cast samples and cast-on samples occur only in the as-cast. In the as-cast state, in materials from different tests, both pearlite percent content in the structure and mean true interlamellar spacing remain unchanged. On the other hand, these parameters undergo significant changes in the materials after heat treatment. The mechanical properties (after normalization) of the cast-on sample of the tested cast steel were slightly inferior to the values obtained for the sample cast in a separate foundry mould. The microscopic examinations of the fracture micro-relief carried out by SEM showed the presence of numerous, small non-metallic inclusions, composed mainly of oxide-sulphides containing Mn, S, Al, Ca and O, occurring individually and in clusters.

7

Analysis of Fracture Mechanism of Cast Steel for Different States of Stress

Lachowski J., Borowiecka-Jamrozek J.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, iss. 2

29--34

EN

In this paper a plastic deformation and a damage evolution in low-carbon cast steel containing non-metallic inclusions are analysed experimentally and numerically. Two microstructures of the cast steel have been obtained after appropriate heat treatment. Tensile tests of smooth specimens and axisymmetric notched specimens have been performed. The notched specimens have the notch radii: 1 mm, 3 mm and 7 mm. Fractography of the specimens was carried out to observe fracture mechanisms. The mechanism depended on the stress state in the notched specimens. The fractography showed the existence of two fracture mechanisms: ductile failure and by shear. The process of the voids growth formed on the non-metallic inclusions was the process which included in the explanation of the damage mechanism. Modelling of deformation of the specimens has been used with the model suggested by Gurson, Tvergaard and Needleman. The model is implemented in the Abaqus finite element program. The computer simulation was performed using ABAQUS system. The computed output was compared with the experimental results obtained for specimens of the same shape.

8

Innovation technology for the production of massive slag ladles at the Krakodlew S.A. Foundry. Presentation of design works on research and development

Paszkiewicz M., Guzik E., Kopyciński D., Kalandyk B., Burbelko A., Gurgul D., Sobula S., Ziółko A., Piotrowski K., Bednarczyk P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, iss. 4

67--71

EN

This article is a description of the progress of research and development in the area of massive large-scale castings - slag ladles implemented in cooperation with the Faculty of Foundry Engineering of UST in Krakow. Slag ladles are the one of the major castings that has been developed by the Krakodlew (massive castings foundry) for many years. Quality requirements are constantly increasing in relation to the slag ladles. Slag ladles are an integral tool in the logistics of enterprises in the metallurgical industry in the process of well-organized slag management and other by-products and input materials. The need to increase the volume of slag ladles is still growing. Metallurgical production is expected to be achieved in Poland by 2022 at the level of 9.4 million Mg/year for the baseline scenario - 2016 - 9 million Mg/year. This article describes the research work carried out to date in the field of technology for the production of massive slag ladles of ductile cast iron and cast steel.

9

The possibility of extending the life of cast steel hulls of the steam turbine

Charchalis Adam, Dyl Tomasz, Wieczorska Agata

Journal of KONBiN

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2019

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Vol. 49, iss. 3

17--32

EN

The paper presents the analyze the lifetime of the HP steam turbine hull for the EC Gdynia TG1 combined heat and power plant as part of the renovation. The impact of exploitation on changes in mechanical properties of the steam turbine hulls was determined. At the preliminary material tests were carried out, qualifying the hull of the steam turbine to undertake the revitalization process. Then, after non-destructive testing, trepanation samples were taken from the cold zone and the hot hull, which were subjected to mechanical properties tests. The next stage of work was the revitalization process including hardening and tempering. The mechanical properties and metallographic were carried out testing. In the next stage of work, non-destructive testing was performed to detect cracks and a decision was made to repair these areas by welding. The last stage of the work includes an analysis of the vitality of the steam turbine hull after revitalization.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę żywotności kadłuba turbiny parowej WP w elektrociepłowni EC Gdynia TG1 w ramach remontu. Określono wpływ eksploatacji na zmiany własności mechaniczne metalu kadłubów turbiny parowej. Przeprowadzono wstępne testy materiałowe, kwalifikujące kadłub turbiny parowej do podjęcia procesu rewitalizacji. Następnie po badaniach nieniszczących pobrano próbki trepanacyjne ze strefy zimnej i gorącej kadłuba, które poddano badaniom mechanicznym. Kolejnym etapem pracy był proces rewitalizacji, w tym hartowanie i odpuszczanie. Następnie przeprowadzono badania metalograficzne i wytrzymałościowe, a w dalszej kolejności badania nieniszczące w celu wykrycia pęknięć i podjęto decyzję o naprawie tych obszarów przez spawanie. Ostatni etap prac obejmuje analizę żywotności kadłuba turbiny parowej po rewitalizacji.

10

Pomiar zawartości gazów w kąpieli metalowej drogą do optymalizacji zabiegów odtleniania i modyfikacji staliwa na odlewy

Kuder Mieczysław, Żyrek Adam, Bitka Adam, Uhl Waldemar

Journal of Applied Materials Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 59, no. 4

183--197

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki prac nad optymalizacją procesu wytopu staliwa na odlewy armaturowe w piecu indukcyjnym o wyłożeniu kwaśnym. Do realizacji zabiegów odtleniania i modyfikacji używano materiały zawierające pierwiastki o wysokiej aktywności, jak: Al, Ca, Ti, Zr, Ce, V i Nb. Parametry tych zabiegów zostały ustalone na podstawie wyników prowadzonych pomiarów i oznaczeń zawartości tlenu, azotu i wodoru na różnych etapach prowadzonego procesu. Jakość staliwa oceniano w oparciu o wyniki badań metalograficznych, wytrzymałości i udarności w niskich temperaturach. Stwierdzono, że pomiary zawartości wodoru i aktywności tlenu w ciekłym stopie umożliwiają identyfikację zagrożeń procesu metalurgicznego, opracowanie optymalnych parametrów zabiegów odtleniania i modyfikacji, stabilizację właściwości mechanicznych i uniknięcia powstania wad wewnętrznych typu gazowego w odlewach.

EN

The paper presents the results of works concerning the optimisation of the process of steel melting for castings of industrial fittings in an induction furnace with an acid lining. Materials containing high activity elements such as Al, Ca, Ti, Zr, Ce, V and Nb were used for deoxidation and modification. The parameters of these procedures were determined on the basis of the results of measurements and determinations of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen content at various stages of the process. The quality of cast steel was evaluated on the basis of metallographic, tensile and low temperature impact strength test results. It was found that the measurements of hydrogen content and oxygen activity in the liquid alloy allow for the identification of hazards of the metallurgical process, the development of optimal parameters of deoxidation and modification procedures, the stabilisation of mechanical properties and the avoidance of internal gas type defects in castings.

11

Analiza możliwości przedłużania czasu eksploatacji zrewitalizowanego staliwnego kadłuba turbiny parowej

Wieczorowska Agata, Dyl Tomasz

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2019

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Vol. 86, nr 2

58--62

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proces rewitalizacji kadłuba turbiny parowej, po długotrwałej eksploatacji w wysokiej temperaturze. Celem badań było przeprowadzenie analizy żywotności kadłuba turbiny parowej WP dla elektrociepłowni EC Gdynia TG1 w ramach przeprowadzonego remontu. Na początku przeprowadzono wstępne badania materiałowe, kwalifikujące kadłub turbiny parowej do podjęcia procesu rewitalizacji. Następnie po badaniach nieniszczących pobrano próbki trepanacyjne ze strefy zimnej oraz gorącej kadłuba, które zostały poddane badaniom własności mechanicznych. Kolejnym etapem pracy był proces rewitalizacji obejmujący hartowanie i odpuszczanie. Następnie ponownie wykonano ocenę własności mechanicznych i badania metalograficzne. W kolejnym etapie pracy ponownie wykonano badania nieniszczące w celu wykrycia pęknięć oraz podjęto decyzję o naprawach tych obszarów przez spawanie. Ostatni etap pracy zawiera analizę żywotności kadłuba turbiny parowej po rewitalizacji.

EN

The paper presents the revitalization process of the steam turbine hull after long-term operation at high temperatures. The aim of the study was to analyze the viability of the steam turbine casing HP for the combined heat and power station EC Gdynia TG1, as part of the renovation. The first stage of the work was to conduct preliminary material tests that would qualify the steam turbine hull to undertake the revitalization process. In the second stage of work, after the non-destructive tests, trepanning samples were taken from the cold and the hot hull zones, which were subjected to strength testing. In the third stage of work, after the analysis of the test results, the revitalization process is described, which includes the hardening and tempering process. In the next stage of work, non-destructive testing was again performed to detect cracks and a decision was made to repair these areas by welding. Prior to the tests, trepanation samples were again taken for strength tests and microstructure investigation. The last stage of the work is to include the analysis of the lifetime of the steam turbine hull after revitalization.

12

Comparison of Methods for Determining the Ferrite Content in Duplex Cast Steels

Kaňa V., Pernica V., Zadera A., Krutiš V.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2019

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iss. 2

85--90

EN

The paper is concerned with comparing the methods for determining the ferrite content in castings from duplex stainless steels. It uses Schaeffler diagram, empirical formula based calculation, image analysis of metallographic sample, X-ray diffraction and measurement with a feritscope. The influence of wall thickness of the casting on the ferrite content was tested too. The results of the experiments show that the casting thickness of 25 or 60 mm does not have a significant effect on the measured amount of ferrite. The image analysis of metallographic sample and the measurement with the feritscope appear to be the most suitable methods. On the contrary, predictive methods, such as Schaeffler diagram or empirical formula based calculation are only indicative and cannot replace the real measurements. X-ray diffraction seems to be the least suitable measuring method. Values of ferrite content measured in such a way often deviated from the values measured by image analysis and with feritscope.

13

Analiza morfologii przełomów udarnościowych złączy spawanych ze staliwa dla energetyki typu Cr-Mo z dodatkiem metali ziem rzadkich

Skrzypczyk A., Kasińska J., Furmańczyk P.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2018

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R. 90, nr 6

19--23

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań makro- i mikroskopowych oraz pomiary twardości doczołowych złączy spawanych ze staliwa G17CrM05-5. Ponadto została przeprowadzona analiza morfologii przełomów udarnościowych złączy spawanych. Złącza spawane wykonano metodą TIG.

EN

The article presents the results of tests of butt welded joints, ie. hardness distribution, macro and microstructure. Analysis of surface morphology of impact fractures of G17CrM05-5 welded joints was carried out. The welding process was carried out on two types of melts, ie. without modification and with addition of rare earth metals (REM) to liquid metal. Welded joints were made using the TIG method.

14

Spawanie staliwa Cr-Mo z dodatkiem pierwiastków ziem rzadkich metodą TIG

Skrzypczak A., Kasińska J.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2017

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R. 89, nr 6

10--14

PL

W pracy przedstawiono efekty spawania złączy próbnych wykonanych metodą TIG ze staliwa G17CrMo5-5 przeznaczonego do pracy w podwyższonych temperaturach. Wykonano złącza próbne na dwóch seriach wytopów tj. niemodyfikowanego oraz z dodatkiem metali ziem rzadkich (MZR). Modyfikację staliwa prowadzono przy użyciu mieszanki cerowej w postaci mischmetalu. Autorzy opisują technologię spawania złączy próbnych metodą TIG. W celu określenia jakości wykonanych połączeń przeprowadzono obserwacje makroskopowe złączy na przekroju poprzecznym. Dokonano pomiarów rozkładu twardości oraz obserwacje mikroskopowe wybranych obszarów złączy. Autorzy wykazali różnice we własnościach pomiędzy staliwem niemodyfikowanym a modyfikowanym.

EN

The paper shows the effect of the welding test welded joints made of TIG welding process of G17CrMo5-5 cast steel designed to operate at elevated temperatures. The test welded joints were made on two sets of melt that are unmodified and with rare earth metals (MZR). Modification of cast steel was performed using mischmetal cerium mixture. The authors describe the technology of welding process with the TIG method. To determine the quality of the connections carried out macroscopic observation of joints in cross-section. Hardness distribution measurements and microscopic observations of selected joint areas were performed. The authors showed differences in properties between unmodified and modified cast steel.

15

Study of Distortion on the Example of the Rings from Ductile Iron and Cast Steel

Łukasik K., Nawrocki P., Misiak J., Myszka D.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 4

97--102

EN

The paper attempts to analyze distortions of cast iron and cast steel rings, after heat treatment cycles. The factors influencing distortion are: chemical composition of material, sample geometry, manufacturing process, hardenability, temperature and heat treatment method. Standard distortion tests are performed on C-ring samples. We selected a ring-model, which approximate the actual part, so that findings apply to gear rings. Because distortion depends on so many variables, this study followed strictly defined procedures. The research was started by specifying the appropriate geometry of the samples. Then, the heat treatment was conducted and samples were measured again. The obtained results allow to determine the value of the resulting distortion and their admissibility. The research will be used to evaluate the possibility of using the material to produce parts of equipment operated under extreme load conditions.

16

Special marine steels and constructional-ballistic shields designed PNA

Zatorski Z.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

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2016

|

R. 57 nr 3 (206)

131--145

EN

In order to increase security of the country in the field of new materials and technologies and research methods were developed, patented and implemented: austenitic steel X02CrNiMoMnN21-16-5-4 with electrodes for welding of steel and high-strength bainitic steel 10GHMBA-E620T. The author developed a theoretical and technological basis for the design of marine constructional-ballistic shields, which has implemented a pilot scale and technical support. In addition, he developed an original method for testing ballistic shields and unified position to the research, which studied and co-patented.

PL

Dla wzrostu bezpieczeństwa kraju w zakresie nowych materiałów i technologii oraz metod badawczych opracowano, opatentowano i wdrożono: stal austenityczną X02CrNiMoMnN21-16-5-4 wraz z elektrodami do spawania tej stali oraz wysokowytrzymałą stal bainityczną gat. 10GHMBA-E620T. Autor opracował teoretyczne i technologiczne podstawy projektowania okrętowych osłon konstrukcyjno-balistycznych, które wdrożył w skali półtechnicznej i technicznej. Ponadto opracował oryginalną metodę badania odporności balistycznej osłon oraz zunifikowane stanowisko do badań, które przebadał i współopatentował.

17

The importance of primary carbides for the tribological properties of ferrous alloys

Krawczyk J., Frocisz Ł., Kokosza A., Rożniata E., Dziurka R., Madej M.

Tribologia

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2016

|

nr 6

69--81

EN

Among the materials used for the mill rolls, one of the main groups are materials with eutectoid primary carbides in their microstructure. The volume fraction and morphology of these carbides influent in a significant way on the tribological properties of tool materials. In the paper, the role of the primary carbides morphology on the fatigue wear of mill rolls after exploitation was presented. The role of the primary carbides morphology in the sliding wear of tool materials was also investigated. The evaluation of the sliding wear mechanism and its degree was performed by the investigation of the mill rolls surface roughness after exploitation. Whereas, the role of ledeburite cementite morphology in wear mechanism changes ware investigated by the laboratory tests. Tests were performed with the use of different loads, time, and temperature during the trials. The microcutting of counter sample material by the primary carbides from the tested samples was observed.

PL

Wśród materiałów stosowanych na walce hutnicze są takie, które w swojej mikrostrukturze zawierają również węgliki powstające w wyniku przemiany eutektycznej. Ponieważ powstają one z cieczy, nazywane są węglikami pierwszorzędowymi. Ilość oraz kształt tych węglików może istotnie wpływać na własności tribologiczne takich narzędzi. W pracy przedstawiono rolę morfologii węglików pierwotnych w zużyciu zmęczeniowym na przykładach walców hutniczych po eksploatacji. Przedstawiono również rolę węglików pierwotnych w zużyciu ściernym. Ocenę zużycia ściernego wykonano na podstawie wpływu czasu eksploatacji na chropowatość powierzchni walców pracujących w walcowni zimnej płaskowników. Natomiast rolę morfologii cementytu ledeburytycznego w zużyciu ściernym badano w warunkach testów laboratoryjnych przy stosowaniu zmiennych obciążeń pary trącej oraz temperatury pracy. Wykazano mechanizm mikroskrawania przez odsłonięte węgliki pierwszorzędowe (jako „mikroostrza”) materiału przeciwpróbki.

18

Odlewnicze stopy żelaza o wysokiej wytrzymałości

Myszka D.

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

|

2016

|

nr 9-10

142--149

PL

Mówiąc o wysokiej wytrzymałości materiałów, można ją zdefiniować jako taką, która zapewnia wytwarzanym elementom zastosowanie w nowoczesnych konstrukcjach, tj. lekkich i wytrzymałych. Odlewy niejednokrotnie stanowią znaczną część takich konstrukcji (nawet do 40% w pojazdach mechanicznych), a poprawa ich właściwości wytrzymałościowych w stosunku do masy lub innych cech materiałowych jest naturalną drogą rozwoju współczesnych technologii. Odkrywane są nowe materiały, ale przede wszystkim uszlachetniane są te podstawowe, takie jak żeliwo czy staliwo. Odlewnicze stopy żelaza są dużą grupą materiałów konstrukcyjnych, dlatego warto poznać kierunki rozwoju ich najznamienitszych reprezentantów. W artykule przedstawione zostały nowoczesne gatunki stopów żelaza z przykładami ciekawych zastosowań.

EN

High strength of materials can be defined as a strength that ensures their application in modern, i.e. lightweight and durable, constructions. Casts often represent a large part of such structures (up to 40% in motor vehicles), and the improvement of their strength properties in relation to weight or other material characteristics is a natural developmental process of modern technologies. New materials are being developed, but above all those basic ones, such as cast iron or cast steel, are being changed. Cast iron alloys are a large group of construction materials, therefore it is worth to know the developmental directions of their most eminent representatives. The article presents the modern types of cast iron alloys, as well as the examples of their interesting applications.

19

Wpływ obróbki cieplnej na właściwości mechaniczne staliwa L20HNM

Słania J., Golański G., Woszek M.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2016

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R. 88, nr 4

27--30

PL

W pracy przedstawiono badania właściwości mechanicznych dwóch wytopów staliwa L20HNM o różnym składzie chemicznym i poddanych różnym procesom obróbki cieplnej. Dodatkowo przeprowadzono badania fraktograficzne przełomów udarnościowych i po próbie statycznego rozciągania. Badania wykazały znaczną różnicę we właściwościach mechanicznych w zależności od zastosowanej obróbki cieplnej. Pozwoli to na optymalizację wytwarzania staliw klasy L20 oraz prawidłowy dobór technologii i parametrów spawania odlewów.

EN

The paper presents diversity of mechanical properties of L20HNM cast steel contingent on applied heat treatment. Research also includes surface analysis of fractured tensile strength and impact test specimens. Results of investigation of influence of chemical composition paired with proper heat treatment. This will optimize the preparation of L20 type cast steels and the correct choice of technology and welding parameters castings.

20

Trends in the Production of Castings in the World and in Poland in the XXI Century

Soiński M. S., Kordas P., Skurka K.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 2

5--10

EN

The paper presents data concerning the total production of castings over the 2000-2014 period, both on a global scale, and in Poland. The basic types of casting alloys were taken into account. Changes in the production volume and structure over the period of the analysed 15 years were pointed out with respect to countries leading in foundry production. The topmost position in the world foundry industry is held by China for several years (with almost 45% share in the foundry market), the second place is taken by India (with almost 9% share). A distinct reduction in the shares of the once significant producers of castings, such as USA, Japan, Germany, Russia, Italy, or France, was observed over the 2000-2014 period. Poland had a share of 1.16% in 2000, and of 1.02% in 2014. Comparing the detailed data concerning the years 2000 and 2014, one can see that the fractions of castings made of ductile iron, cast steel, aluminium alloys, or magnesium alloys increase on a global scale, while such alloys as grey cast iron or malleable are in decline.