Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Polskie źródła krasowe i wywierzyska na liście światowego dziedzictwa naturalnego : realizacja projektów MIKAS oraz NIKAS

Barczyk Grzegorz, Chmiel Stanisław, Chwalik-Borowiec Anna, Małecki Jerzy, Okoń Dorota, Różkowski Jacek, Sposób Joanna, Turczyński Marek

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2024

|

Vol. 72, nr 1

53--55

EN

In June 2022, the Most Important Karst Aquifer Springs (MIKAS) project was launched at the EUROKARST conference, aimed at creating a list of the most important karst springs and outcrops (on a global scale). Basedon the recommendations and methodology established by the Project Advisory Board, scientists from around the world presented proposals for springs, from which 200 will be ultimately selected. 14 karst springs and outcrops were proposed in Poland. We describe the basic criteria and principles that guided the selection, and the current state of progress of the project.

2

Stand testing of springs for drum brake systems

Drożyner Przemysław, Brodecki Adam, Szymczak Tadeusz

Diagnostyka

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, No. 4

art. no. 2023414

EN

The paper concerns the study of changes in responses of spring for drum brake systems, due to fatigue cycles conducted at operational regimes of vehicles with respect to the number of kilometers. Three types of springs from two manufacturers were examined i.e. double cylindrical, single cylindrical, and conical helical. The springs were subjected to a durability test up to 1×106 loading cycles, covering 300-500 thousand kilometers traveled. Tensile test was used for collecting differences between results for the tested object in the as-receive state and after fatigue. Values of the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to indicate differences between tested objects before and after loading cycles. They show that the obtained results expressed a very strong correlation, which means that the elastic response of the springs during operation over a distance of 300-500 thousand kilometers did not change significantly. Taking into account the recommendations of brake system manufacturers regarding the replacement of brake drums after 150,000 and 50,000 kilometers, respectively, it can be concluded that brake springs are the most durable and reliable element of such a brake system.

3

Zmiany składu chemicznego wód podziemnych w węglanowych utworach triasu opolskiego na podstawie badań wybranych źródeł

Staśko Stanisław, Trałka Marta, Błachowicz Marek

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 12

868--876

EN

Results of research of six large karstic springs with a discharge rate of 10-100 l/s obtainedfrom a series of 12 measurements in 2021-2022 are the basis for a comparison of the chemical composition in the past and present. The studied springs drain Triassic limestones and dolomites in the southern part of Major Groundwater Basin No. 333 in the Opole region. After 40 years, there is a significant decrease in discharge rates in five out of all selected springs, and frequent dying out of outflows in three cases. A significant increase in the content of nitrogen compounds, espe¬cially nitrates, has been measured. Statistical factor analysis allowed distinguishing two groups of factors responsible for changes in the main ions in groundwater. Restoring high groundwater quality is an urgent task for the administration of this region, which requires a comprehensive approach.

4

Physicochemical characterization of synclinal spring water of Taoura, region of Souk Ahras – North East Algeria

Bouhafs Fatma, Laraba Abdelaziz

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2021

|

no. 50

27--37

EN

The springs of the Taoura region flow from a syncline shaped structure. All resources in the region were mobilized as a result of increased demand. However, the development of anthropic activities and population growth in the area pose risk for groundwater. Analytical results obtained from a series of samplings in November 2017–April 2018, express the quality of water suitable for the irrigation of agricultural land. The highest values are recorded in April 2018 at 20.5 to 21.6°C and pH of 8.0 to 8.2. The study recorded high electrical conductivity from 1390 to 1495 μS∙cm–1 and TDS from 1270 to 1500 mg∙dm–3 in November 2017, which shows important mineralization that characterizes spring water. Physical parameters were measured in situ using a HORIBA multi-parameter probe. Chemical analyses were carried out using NFT 90-005 titration, and nitrogen parameters by DIN 38405-D92 spectrophotometry. Maximum levels of nitrates and phosphates were recorded at 228 and 18.4 mg∙dm–3 respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a good correlation of the November 2017 period with mineralization parameters. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between the wet period and pollution factors. The two methods of analysis has allowed to distinguish three groups of geochemical water types: a bicarbonate calcium group typical for waters having transited in carbonate horizons. A second chloride calcium group shows basic exchange between water and clay levels, and the third chloride bicarbonate calcium group reveals an enrichment in calcium and chloride, which reflects water circulation with an exchange of the carbonated and evaporitic sedimentary rock matrix.

5

An Analysis of Bioelements in the Source Waters of Sanok District on the Border of the Eastern and Western Carpathians and their Impact on the Functioning of the Human Body

Kaczmarski Mateusz, Chorostyński Artur, Łach Andrzej, Wrona Marcin

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2019

|

Tom 21, cz. 2

926--950

EN

The analysis of underground (spring) waters concerned 6 springs located in the eastern part of the Sanok District on the border of the Eastern and Western Carpathians (analysis of bioelements). There have been detected „natural mineral waters with sodium chloride content” with chemical admixtures such as: boron (HBO2 >10 mg·dm-3) strontium (Sr > 10 mg·dm-3), barium (Ba > 3 mg·dm-3), Lithium (Li > 1 mg·dm-3), in a potential perspective of economic importance. The above-mentioned water from Tyrawa Solna, has a historical aspect, connected with salt-works, as signified by the name of the village. The publicly availablespring of Chopin from the Sanok park is characterized by „natural mineral water with calcium content” at the same time it is „low-sodium water” with a sodium content (< 3 mg·dm-3). The spring from Bykowce near Sanok, has "specific healing iron water" with iron (II) content above 10 mg·dm-3, while the spring on the Olchowce-Liszna route called „Nad Wodospadem” („At the Waterfall”) (Nature Monument) is rich in "specific healing sulphide water" with a divalent sulphur content of 3.8 mg·dm-3 (characteristic odour). The criterion of „specific boric therapeutic water” with HBO2 metaboric acid concentration higher than 5 mg·dm-3 (pharmacodynamic factors) (Regulation of the Minister of Health) meets the already mentioned water from Tyrawa Solna. This water also contains large amounts of sodium potassium, calcium and magnesium, and its mineralization exceeded 3500 mg·dm-3 (highly mineralized brine). On the border of the Eastern and Western Carpathians, moving south towards Slovakia, two sources were found in the Bieszczady Mountains (Mików, Radoszyce). Water from „Cudowne Źródełko” („The Miraculous Spring”) in Radoszyce (surroundings) belongs to soft waters (hardness = 10 German degrees) and to low mineralized ones (mineralization < 500 mg·dm-3). Bioelements that are found in trace amounts in spring waters i.e. iodine < 0.3 and fluorine < 0.1 [mg·dm-3] and selenium and vanadium < 20, zinc and copper < 10, chromium and nickel < 5, molybdenum < 1 [μg·dm-3] were also determined. Chemical analyses were performed using the following methods: AAS, ICP-OES, ICP-MS, IC, potentiometry (pH), conductometry (EC), ORP potential, turbidimetry, argentometry and acid-base titration. The influence on the functioning of the human body and some bioelements is described.

PL

Analiza wód podziemnych (źródlanych) dotyczyła 6 źródeł zlokalizowanych we wschodniej części Powiatu Sanok na granicy Karpat Wschodnich i Zachodnich (analiza biopierwiastków). Wykryto „naturalne wody mineralne z zawartością chlorku sodu” z chemicznymi domieszkami: boru (HBO2 > 10 mg · dm-3) strontu (Sr > 10 mg · dm-3), baru (Ba > 3 mg · dm-3), litu (Li > 1 mg·dm-3), w ewentualnej perspektywie o znaczeniu gospodarczym. Wymieniona woda z Tyrawy Solnej, posiada aspekt historyczny, związany z warzelnictwem soli, o czym świadczy również nazwa miejscowości. Ogólnodostępne źródło Chopina z parku sanockiego cechuje „naturalna woda mineralna z zawartością wapnia” jednocześnie jest to „woda niskosodowa” o zawartości sodu (< 3 mg · dm-3). Źródło z Bykowiec niedaleko Sanoka, posiada „wodę swoistą leczniczą żelazistą” o zawartości żelaza (II) powyżej 10 mg · dm-3, natomiast źródło na drodze Olchowce-Liszna „Nad Wodospadem” (Pomnik Przyrody) jest bogate w „wodę swoistą leczniczą siarczkową” o zawartości siarki dwuwartościowej 3,8 mg · dm-3 (charakterystyczny zapach). Kryterium „wody swoistej leczniczej borowej” o stężeniu kwasu metaborowego HBO2 wyższym od 5 mg · dm-3 (współczynniki farmakodynamiczne) (Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia) spełnia już wspomniana woda z Tyrawy Solnej. Woda ta zawiera również duże ilości sodu potasu, wapnia i magnezu, a jej mineralizacja przekroczyła 3500 mg · dm-3 (wysokozmineralizowana solanka). Na granicy Karpat Wschodnich i Zachodnich przemieszczając się na południe w kierunku Słowacji znaleziono w Bieszczadach dwa źródła (Mików, Radoszyce). Woda z „Cudownego Źródełka” w Radoszycach (okolice) należy do wód miękkich (twardość = 10 stopni niemieckich) oraz niskozmineralizowanych (mineralizacja < 500 mg · dm-3). Oznaczono również biopierwiastki, które występują w wodach źródlanych w ilościach śladowych tj. jod < 0,3 i fluor < 0,1 [mg · dm-3] oraz selen i wanad < 20, cynk i miedź < 10, chrom i nikiel < 5, molibden < 1 [μg · dm-3]. Analizy chemiczne wykonano następującymi metodami: ASA, ICP-OES, ICP-MS, IC, potencjometria (pH), konduktometria (EC), potencjał ORP, turbidymetria, argentometria, alkacymetria. Opisano wpływ na funkcjonowanie organizmu człowieka, niektórych biopierwiastków.

6

Chamaepinnularia thermophila (Bacillariophyceae) : synonymy with Navicula tongatensis Hustedt and update of its geographic distribution and ecology

Lai Giuseppina Grazia, Ector Luc, Padedda Bachisio Mario, Lugliè Antonella, Wetzel Carlos Eduardo

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2019

|

Vol. 48, No. 2

105--115

EN

Chamaepinnularia thermophila is a small and poorly known diatom species. After the first description from a hot spring in Guadalupe in 1952, its presence appeared to be limited to a few other springs of the French Antilles. The objective of this study is to report new information on aspects of taxonomy, distribution and ecology of this species. Accurate analysis under light and scanning electron microscope of the material collected on different substrates (cobbles, macrophytes and fine sediments) from a thermo-mineral spring of Sardinia (Italy) allowed us to document the first record of the species in the Mediterranean area. Furthermore, the comparison with Navicula tongatensis from Hustedt's original material, carried out because of their similarity, revealed identical morphological characteristics suggesting their consequent synonymy. Based on the information available in the literature and our data, C. thermophila is a rare species present mainly in tropical areas, in thermal springs with alkaline pH, medium to high conductivity and low to moderate nutrient content. The occurrence of the species at sites with very different environmental characteristics seems unusual, but it could indicate a broader ecological range. This study contributes to the standardization of the nomenclature used for this species so far and provides the first framework on its global geographic distribution and ecology.

7

Propozycja wstępnej waloryzacji źródeł w aspekcie ich ochrony prawnej

Tarka Robert, Buczyński Sebastian

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2019

|

nr 475, Hydrogeologia z. 16

205--211

PL

W pracy przedstawiono i scharakteryzowano form ochrony źródeł w Polsce oraz zaproponowano wstępną waloryzację źródeł na potrzeby ustanawiania form ochrony prawnej. Na podstawie danych Generalnej Dyrekcji Ochrony Środowiska ochroną prawną, zgodnie z ustawą o ochronie przyrody, objętych jest w Polsce 266 źródeł (źródlisk) lub zespołów źródeł. Przeważającą formą ochrony źródeł są pomniki przyrody (48,5%), następnie rezerwaty (30,4%), użytki ekologiczne (13,9%), zespoły przyrodniczo-krajobrazowe (5,2%) i stanowiska dokumentacyjne (1,9%). Zwrócono uwagę na różne podejścia przy podejmowaniu decyzji o wyborze form ochrony źródeł. Stąd w celu wyeliminowania niepewności interpretacyjnych przedstawiono propozycję selekcji wypływów na podstawie zaproponowanego algorytmu. Wstępny algorytm postępowania pozwala podjąć decyzję, które ze źródeł powinno być objęte ochroną prawną i w jakiej formie.

EN

The aim of the paper is to present and characterize springs covered by nature conservation in Poland. Based on data from the General Directorate for Environmental Protection, legal conservation covered 266 springs (wetlands) or spring groups in accordance with the Nature Conservation Act. The predominant forms of spring conservation are natural monuments (48.5%), nature reserves (30.4%), ecological areas (13.9%), landscape-nature complexes (5.2%) and documentation sites (1.9%). In order to eliminate interpretation uncertainties, a suggestion for selection is also presented. The preliminary valorization algorithm allows deciding which spring should be covered by nature conservation and in which form.

8

Problemy określenia „wieku” wód podziemnych drenowanych przez źródła pienińskie

Humnicki Włodzimierz, Szostakiewicz-Hołownia Marzena, Porowski Adam

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2019

|

nr 475, Hydrogeologia z. 16

59--65

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki oznaczeń trytu w wodach z czterech źródeł usytuowanych na terenie Pienińskiego Par¬ku Narodowego. Za pomocą programu FLOWPC podjęto próbę oszacowania trytowego wieku wód w systemie hydrogeologicznym, tj. czasu wymiany wody w zbiornikach drenowanych przez źródła. Z uwagi na skomplikowany porowo-szczelinowy system krążenia wód i niewielkie obszary zasilania najbardziej prawdopodobne wyniki uzyskuje się dla modeli dyspersyjnych i eksponencjalno-tłokowych. Uzyskane wyniki szacowania wieku wód, niezależnie od przyjętego modelu i jego parametrów, potwierdzają stosunkowo młody wiek wód, nieprzekraczający najprawdopodobniej 30 lat, i świadczą o drenowaniu przez badane źródła wód współczesnego zasilania infiltracyjnego.

EN

The paper presents the results of tritium determinations in four springs located within the Pieniny National Park. The attempt of assessing the age of groundwater, i.e. the groundwater tritium turnover time in the drained reservoirs was made using the FLOWPC computer code application. Due to the complex fissure-pore groundwater circulation system as well as relatively small recharge areas, the most reliable results were obtained for dispersion and exponential-piston flow models. The obtained groundwater age estimations, regar¬dless of the assumed model and its parameters, corroborated the relatively young age of studied waters, presumably not exceeding 30 years. This proves that the studied springs in the Pieniny National Park are recharged mainly by modern infiltration.

9

Delineating spring recharge areas inferred from morphological, lithological, and hydrological datasets on Quaternary volcanic landscapes at the southern flank of Rinjani Volcano, Lombok Island, Indonesia

Setiawan Ogi, Sartohadi Junun, Hadi M. Pramono, Mardiatno Djati

Acta Geophysica

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, no. 1

177--190

EN

Springs are a vital source of water supply in Quaternary volcanic environments, such as Rinjani Volcano on Lombok Island, and yet little is known about their emergence and recharge areas. Knowledge of spring recharge area can substantially support further spring analysis and management. This study was performed in two spring zones on the southern flank of Rinjani Volcano. It combined the available morphological, lithological, and hydrological datasets to build a conceptual model of the spring recharge areas. According to the analysis results, the conceptual model allowed to describe the flow medium, the aquifer type, and the characteristics of the flow system. The local morphology controlled the direction and gradient of groundwater flow to the springs. The analysis also revealed that the spring water in the study area was meteoric water, which mainly came from rainwater infiltration. Therefore, the boundaries of the spring recharge areas were represented by the morphological divides.

10

Zawartość informacyjna baz danych PIG-PIB w aspekcie badań wydajności źródeł Polski

Bartnik A., Moniewski P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2018

|

Vol. 66, nr 5

283--293

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the content of the PIG-PIB databases in terms of information on discharges of springs in Poland. In general, the information covers about 87 springs. They are compiled in two databases: the Quantitative Monitoring Database (MSI) and the Central Hydrogeological Data Bank (CBDH). The measurement series concerns the period 1973-2016, and there are 41 springs still monitored. Most of the observed objects are small springs (class VI) with the average discharge of only 0.33 dm3s-1. Unfortunately, the biggest problem is the lack of series synchronization. Their length ranges from a few months to almost 40 years, but 39 outflows is observable for less than a decade. Most of the springs (57) represent Paleogene Carpathian flysch sediments, 27 Sudetic rocks, 2 karst springs are in the Cracow- Częstochowa Upland, and only one is located in Pomerania. The lack of data synchronization makes it difficult to conduct some analyses, but does not exclude the use of other quantitative characteristics of springs, e.g. in the research of seasonal and long-term discharge variability. The variety of selection of objects can also help in an evaluation of the impact of environmental factors on the spring outflow.

11

A comprehensive study of radon levels and associated radiation doses in Himalayan groundwater

Prasad M., Kumar G. A., Sahoo B. K., Ramola R. C.

Acta Geophysica

|

2018

|

Vol. 66, no. 5

1223--1231

EN

The concentration of radon in groundwater is mainly governed by the radium content in the rocks of the aquifer. The internal exposure to high levels of radon in water is directly associated with the radiological risk to members of public. In this work, radon concentrations were measured in groundwater of Garhwal Himalaya, India, using scintillation detector-based RnDuo and silicon detector-based RAD7 monitors. An inter-comparison exercise was carried out between RnDuo and RAD7 techniques for a few samples to validate the results. The radiation doses associated with the exposure to radon in water were estimated from measured values of activity concentrations. An attempt has been made to see the effect of geology, geohydrology and different types of sources on radon levels in Himalayan groundwater. The experimental techniques and results obtained are discussed in detail.

12

Zmiany reżimu wydajności i potencjału zasobności źródeł : implikacje do ich klasyfikacji

Buczyński S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 11/2

1179--1183

EN

The paper presents the results of precipitation influence on the discharge regime changes of 6 springs located in south-western Poland and draining a variety of rocks differing in lithology and age. Calculations for the very wet (2010) and the extremely dry years (2015) have shown that the low spring discharges experienced the greatest variations, with the coefficient ofvariation falling between 3-141%. The coefficient of variation for the maximum and average discharges generally does not exceed 90%. The obtained values of the regression coefficient from 0.0016 to 0.1 d-1 and the coefficient of variation (0-33%) indicate a relatively low variability of groundwater resources and the low transmissivity and high storage capacity of the weathering cover. The spring discharge analysis indicates also the drainage of groundwater bodies of various capacity. The maximum values of the storage capacity are several hundred thousand cubic meters, whereas in the lowest spring resources it does not exceed several thousand cubic meters. Three springs have shown a low variability of the storage capacity (Cv = 4-32%), two have indicated a moderate variability (66 and 70%) and one has shown a large variability (135%). The large storage capacity and high hydraulic resistance of the weathering cover does not guarantee the spring recharge during longer periods (summer-autumn) without rain.

13

Występowanie i reżim źródeł szczaw i wód kwasowęglowych w zlewni górnej Muszynki

Buczyński S., Modelska M., Wcisło M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 1

23--31

EN

CO2-reach springs are the natural treasure of the Polish Carpathians, including the research region (ca. 11.5 km2) of the Muszynka River basin, located in the areas of Tylicz-Spa and Krynica-Spa with developed mineral water industry. Previous investigations suggest that springs arepar- tially vanishing or their hydrochemical and hydrodynamic regime is disturbed. To clear this problem, the authors analyzed periodical or stationary measurements made in the course of documenting, water producer operation, and own observations within a period of good data availability (1973-2014) for CO2-rich springs. The springs investigated in the Tylicz region are characterized by a variable and strongly time-dependent CO2 content (rangingfrom 352 mg/dm3 to 3 g/dm3). The discharge is relatively low and rarely exceeds 0.05 dm3/s. The research results show disappearance of two springs (T-10 and T-15) within the period of interest. Massive floods (in 1997, 1998, 2002-2004, 2010) are indicated as the probable main reason. In another three springs (T-13, T-14, T-17) the CO2 content dropped below 250 mg/dm3. The stationary measurements of two springs (Zdrój Główny and Bradowiec in Tylicz) allow concluding about poor correlation between investigated parameters (temperature, pH, CO2 content, electrical conductivity) and apparent influence ofmeteorological agents. Potential anthropogenic agents (borehole discharge, digging works) probably do not influence the CO2-rich spring regime or it has not been detected yet.

14

Przestrzenne związki pomiędzy rozmieszczeniem najwydajniejszych źródeł a neotektoniką w zlewni Białej Łady na Roztoczu Gorajskim (środkowo-wschodnia Polska)

Chabudziński Ł., Brzezińska-Wójcik T.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 11/2

1184--1188

EN

Considerations of the relationships between the groundwater systems and neotectonics in the Roztocze region have been first undertaken by J. Malinowski in the 1970s. Until now, no research results have supported or challenged the hypothesis proposed by this author. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to present the results of a detailed analysis of the relationships between the distribution of springs characterised by the highest discharge rates and neotectonics. The study area covered the Roztocze part of the Biała Łada catchment, which has been subjected to detailed hydrogeological and hydrological investigations since the 1960s. The study was based on spatial data concerning the distribution of springs and information about the discharge rates of the largest springs. The data were juxtaposed with the relatively active tectonic zones distinguished in the catchment based on the relative tectonic activity index (Iat). The index was calculated using ArcGIS software, based on DEM, and with the use of the ArcNEO tool. The investigations indicated that springs with the highest discharge rates are located in the intersection zone of the main Biała Łada dislocation with accompanying faults. Additionally, the springs are located in the mouth sections of dry, asymmetric valleys and at the foot of their steep slopes following isostatically elevated hanging walls. The results support the hypothesis put forward by J. Malinowski (1993), who suggested that the distribution of springs with the highest discharge rates is determined by tectonics of the rock massif, in particular the distribution of the main dislocations and the accompanying subordinate discontinuous tectonic structures.

15

Analiza hydrogeochemiczna wód siarczkowych obszaru Niecki Nidziańskiej na podstawie badań ich naturalnych wypływów

Lipiec I.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 11/1

989--994

EN

The paper presents the results of the hydrogeochemical analysis of sulphurous waters in the southern part of Poland in the Nida Basin region for a time span of 2014-2016. In this area occur four chemical types of natural outflows of sulphurous waters. These are: water of the SO4-(HCO3)-Ca, S type (spring Piestrzec and Senislawice), Cl-SO4-HCO3-Na, S (s. Owczary); Cl-SO4-Na, S (s. Gadawa); Cl-Na, S, I (s. Szczerbaków). Water mineralization of varies from 2.4 to 50.6 g/dm3. Geochemical modeling with Phreeqc allowed to determine the saturation state of the water solution relative to the mineral phases of the rock medium.

16

Reżim wydajności wybranych źródeł Austrii, Czech, Niemiec i Polski

Moniewski P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, nr 7

472--480

EN

The long-term characteristics of the discharge regime in European springs are not well known yet. In presenting the springs, stress should be laid on their discharge variability and seasonality. The paper presents mean monthly discharges in 86 springs from four countries: Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland, measured over a period of several years. The analyses were based on discharge variability coefficients (V R, CV) and Markham's seasonality parameters: seasonality index and time of concentration. The results were interpreted with reference to three basic types of hydrogeological outflows: in karst, fissure and porous springs. The regime of most investigated springs is complex (57% of all springs), and nival supply clearly dominates over precipitation supply (49% vs.8 %). Nival supply dominates also among the springs with simple regimes, as a culmination of the discharge in 35% of these outflows was observed in the spring months. In the karst spring, characterized by higher seasonal discharge, it occurs on average about three weeks later than in the fissure springs. The seasonality index of the porous outflows is several times lower, and the discharge concentration time occurs at the beginning of May. Seasonal spring discharge wasfound to be correlated with the spring elevation; the discharge of springs located at higher elevations is characterized by greater seasonal variability and later concentration date.

17

Ecological patterns of water bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) assemblages in karst springs : a case study from central Montenegro

Gligorović B., Savić A., Protić L., Pešić V.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2016

|

Vol. 45, No. 4

554--563

EN

The composition of water bug communities from 32 springs located in the central part of Montenegro was investigated. Twenty five species were identified, including 13 reported as new to Montenegro. The most common species were Hydrometra stagnorum and Velia sp. (Gerromorpha). Our study in the central part of Montenegro revealed that environmental and faunistic classification of karstic springs based on water bug communities may not correspond with each other. According to environmental characteristics, springs were divided into three groups indicating anthropogenic impact on the spring habitats. Water bug communities divided springs into four groups. There are differences in species richness between these four types of water bug assemblages and among the studied spring types. Results of CCA analysis revealed spring size as the main driver of biotic diversity of aquatic bugs in springs. Our study showed that community groups of water bugs specified in the biotic classification of spring habitats are much better defined than assemblages distinguished in the environmental site classification.

18

Elementy sprężyste fazowników samoczynnych

Cichosz P., Karolczak P., Kołodziej M., Kowalski M., Kuzinovski M., Skowronek H., Waszczuk K.

Mechanik

|

2016

|

R. 89, nr 10

1424--1425

PL

Przedstawiono wymagania, możliwości i uwarunkowania techniczne zastosowania różnych rodzajów sprężyn w fazownikach samoczynnych. Podano zalecenia do doboru sprężyn dla różnych rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych narzędzi.

EN

The paper presents requirements, opportunities and technical conditions to use different types of springs in self-acting beveling tools. They were given instructions to the selection of springs for various tools design solutions.

19

Nowe stanowiska źródeł z martwicami wapiennymi na obszarze Beskidu Małego

Molenda T., Nejfeld P.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2016

|

Nr 49

168--171

PL

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę hydrograficzno-hydrochemiczną źródeł z wytraceniami martwic wapiennych położonych na obszarze Beskidu Małego. Źródła tego typu wraz z charakterystycznymi zbiorowiskami Cratoneurion commutati zaliczone zostały do siedlisk przyrodniczych o znaczeniu priorytetowym (kod Natura 2000: 7220). Wykazano, że depozycja martwic wapiennych zachodzi w źródłach o zróżnicowanej mineralizacji wód. Ma ona również charakter okresowy, przypada głównie na lato.

EN

The paper presents hydrological-hydrochemical characteristics of springs with limestones precipitations situated in the area of the Beskid Mały Mts. These springs with characteristic plant communities Cratoneurion commutati were included to priority NATURA 2000 habitat (code 7220). It was revealed that precipitation of limestone occurs in spring with diversified mineralization of waters. It is a periodic phenomenon with the maximum of the occurrence in summer.

20

Wykorzystanie systemów CAD w projektowaniu i analizie wytrzymałościowej sprężyn tłumika drgań skrętnych

Chomka G., Chudy J., Kwaśnik M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2016

|

R. 17, nr 8

207--211

PL

W artykule przedstawiono próbę oceny wpływu stanu sprężyn tłumika drgań skrętnych na pracę samochodowego sprzęgła ciernego. Szczególnie uwagę poświęcono określeniu związku zwiotczenia sprężyn na ich współczynnik tłumienia czy czas relaksacji.

EN

The article presents an attempt to assess the impact of the state of spring torsional vibration damper on the work of automotive friction clutch. Particular attention was paid to determining the relationship between flaccidity springs and damping coefficient or relaxation time.