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1

Intelligent monitoring of PMSM based on adaptive fuzzy logic for diagnosis

Hamdi Pacha Fatima Zohra, Herizi Abdelghafour, Fezai Nadia, Ben Amor Abdessattar

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 4

241--246

EN

In this paper, the fuzzy adaptive gain monitoring method (AGFLC) uses direct field-oriented control (DFOC) to monitor the speed of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). This surveillance strategy can detect the error of the velocity parameter, forcing the monitored system to achieve the desired reference model, and eliminating the velocity error. First, we examine the mathematical model describing the internal behavior of PMSM to design our system based on the priory physical model of the system. Then, we propose an intelligent method that combines a fuzzy control algorithm with its related control rules, aiming to monitor the speed of PMSM. This problem is solved by combining the two parameters of error and its variation. A fuzzy algorithm has proven to be an effective method to adjust the speed by suppressing disturbances. Furthermore, an adapted gain fuzzy controller, which provides a fast dynamic response without overshooting at various dynamic actions, has been suggested to compensate for all external disturbances. The obtained simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the monitoring method for fault detection and localization and verify the performance of the adaptive algorithm control system.

PL

W tym artykule, rozmyta adaptacyjna metoda monitorowania wzmocnienia (AGFLC) wykorzystuje bezpośrednie sterowanie zorientowane na pole (DFOC) do monitorowania prędkości silników synchronicznych z magnesami trwałymi (PMSM). Ta strategia nadzoru może wykryć błąd parametru prędkości, zmuszając monitorowany system do osiągnięcia pożądanego modelu odniesienia i eliminując błąd prędkości. Najpierw badamy model matematyczny opisujący wewnętrzne zachowanie PMSM, aby zaprojektować nasz system w oparciu o priorytyczny model fizyczny systemu. Następnie proponujemy inteligentną metodę, która łączy algorytm kontroli rozmytej z powiązanymi z nim regułami kontroli, mającymi na celu monitorowanie prędkości PMSM. Problem ten jest rozwiązywany poprzez połączenie dwóch parametrów błędu i jego zmienności. Algorytm rozmyty okazał się być skuteczną metodą regulacji prędkości poprzez tłumienie zakłóceń. Ponadto do kompensacji wszystkich zakłóceń zewnętrznych zaproponowano regulator rozmyty o dostosowanym wzmocnieniu, który zapewnia szybką odpowiedź dynamiczną bez przekroczeń przy różnych akcjach dynamicznych. Uzyskane wyniki symulacji pokazują skuteczność metody monitorowania do wykrywania i lokalizacji uszkodzeń oraz weryfikują wydajność systemu sterowania z algorytmem adaptacyjnym.

2

Research on speed control of high speed trains based on hybrid modeling

Hou Tao, Tang Li., Niu Hong-xia, Zhao Tingyang

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 66, iss. 2

77--82

EN

With the continuous improvement of train speed, the automatic driving of trains instead of driver driving has become the development direction of rail transit in order to realize traffic automation. The application of single modeling methods for speed control in the automatic operation of high-speed trains lacks exploration of the combination of train operation data information and physical model, resulting in low system modeling accuracy, which impacts the effectiveness of speed control and the operation of high-speed trains. To further increase the dynamic modeling accuracy of high-speed train operation and the high-speed train's speed control effect, a high-speed train speed control method based on hybrid modeling of mechanism and data drive is put forward. Firstly, a model of the high-speed train's mechanism was created by analyzing the train's dynamics. Secondly, the improved kernel-principal component regression algorithm was used to create a data-driven model using the actual operation data of the CRH3 (China Railway High-speed 3) high-speed train from Huashan North Railway Station to Xi'an North Railway Station of "Zhengxi High-speed Railway," completing the mechanism model compensation and the error correction of the speed of the actual operation process of the high-speed train, and realizing the hybrid modeling of mechanism and data-driven. Finally, the prediction Fuzzy PID control algorithm was developed based on the natural line and train characteristics to complete the train speed control simulation under the hybrid model and the mechanism model, respectively. In addition, analysis and comparison analysis were conducted. The results indicate that, compared to the high-speed train speed control based on the mechanism model, the high-speed train speed control based on hybrid modeling is more accurate, with an average speed control error reduced by 69.42%. This can effectively reduce the speed control error, improve the speed control effect and operation efficiency, and demonstrate the efficacy of the hybrid modeling and algorithm. The research results can provide a new ideal of multi-model fusion modeling for the dynamic modeling of high-speed train operation, further improve control objectives such as safety, comfort, and efficiency of high-speed train operation, and provide a reference for automatic driving and intelligent driving of high-speed trains.

3

Modified Hooke-Jeeves optimization of operating parameters for required slider speeds and displacements in a feeder slider-crank mechanism

Sarigecili Mehmet Ilteris, Akcali Abrahim Deniz

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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LXX, nr 1

63--83

EN

In such applications as in the case of feeders in which a slider-crank mechanism equipped with a rotational spring on its crank is driven by a constant force and a lumped mass at the crank-connecting rod joint center, the slider is required to take on desired speeds and displacements. For this purpose, after obtaining and solving the dynamic model of the slider-crank mechanism, the output of this model is subjected to a modified Hooke-Jeeves method resulting in the development of a procedure for the optimization of selected set of operating parameters. The basic contribution involved in the so-called Hooke-Jeeves method is the procedure by which a cost-effective advancement towards a target optimum point is accomplished in a very short time. A user-friendly interface has also been constructed to support this procedure. The optimization procedure has been illustrated on a numerical example. The validation of the resulting dynamic model has also been demonstrated.

4

Switched reluctance motor drives speed control using optimized PID controller

Ibrahim Mohammed A., Alsammak Ahmed Nasser B.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

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R. 98, nr 11

46--50

EN

The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has turned out to be an outstanding resolution for a various appliances. The modern invents of SRM grant consumers to yield advantage of small starting currents , better efficiency and robust structure that illustrates this kind of motor. This article aims at analyzing and modeling the switched reluctance motor speed controller utilizing a Proportional Integral derivative (PID) controller. The non-linear character of the SRM magnetic properties is currently fetched into attention for modeling . These nonlinearities of the switched reluctance machines attain the traditional PID controller an inadequate selection for appliance where high dynamic performance drive is required. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is manipulated to adjust the PID coefficients for the SRM drive. The consequences achieved indicates that the utilization of these established algorithms controller enhances the transient and steady state performances.

PL

Silnik z przełączaną reluktancją (SRM) okazał się być znakomitym rozwiązaniem dla różnych urządzeń. Nowoczesne wynalazki SRM dają konsumentom korzyści w postaci małych prądów rozruchowych, lepszej wydajności i solidnej konstrukcji, która ilustruje ten rodzaj silnika. Celem artykułu jest analiza i modelowanie regulatora prędkości silnika z przełączaną reluktancją, wykorzystującego regulator proporcjonalnocałkująco-pochodny (PID). Obecnie zwraca się uwagę na nieliniowy charakter właściwości magnetycznych SRM. Te nieliniowości przełączanych maszyn reluktancyjnych powodują, że tradycyjny regulator PID jest nieodpowiednim wyborem dla urządzeń, w których wymagana jest wysoka dynamika napędu. Algorytm genetyczny (GA) jest manipulowany w celu dostosowania współczynników PID dla napędu SRM. Uzyskane konsekwencje wskazują, że wykorzystanie tych ustalonych algorytmów kontrolera poprawia wydajność w stanie nieustalonym i ustalonym.

5

Armature control of a DC motor based on programmable logic controller

Hamoodi Safwan A., Hamoodi Ali N., Hameed Farah I.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

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R. 98, nr 5

110--114

EN

A design and implementation of separately excited DC motor speed measurement using programmable logic controller (PLC) techniques is established alternatively of using imitative mechanical ways. The techniques available in PLC type (SIEMENS, LOGO! 230RC) are enough to achieve this connection and measure the speed with a simple way. separately excited DC motor speeds were taken according to speed meter (Autonics, MP5W). In this paper, the PLC armature resistive controlled and the traditional armature resistive control have been investigated for controlling the speed of DC separately excited motor. By comparison the obtained results for both methods, it appeared that the results are approximately similar but the suggested system is much simpler than the imitative system.

PL

Opracowano projekt i implementację pomiaru prędkości silnika obcowzbudnego prądu stałego przy użyciu technik programowalnego sterownika logicznego (PLC) alternatywnie z wykorzystaniem imitacyjnych metod mechanicznych. Techniki dostępne w typie PLC (SIEMENS, LOGO! 230RC) wystarczą, aby osiągnąć to połączenie i zmierzyć prędkość w prosty sposób. Prędkości silnika obcowzbudnego prądu stałego przyjęto zgodnie z prędkościomierzem (Autonics, MP5W). W tym artykule zbadanio sterowanie rezystancyjne twornika PLC i tradycyjne sterowanie rezystancyjne twornika do kontrolowania prędkości silnika oddzielnie wzbudzanego DC. Porównując otrzymane wyniki dla obu metod okazało się, że wyniki są w przybliżeniu podobne, ale proponowany system jest znacznie prostszy niż system imitacyjny.

6

Neurocontrolled car speed system

Nakonechnyi Markiyan, Ivakhiv Orest, Świsulski Dariusz

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2022

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Vol. 16, No. 3

13--21

EN

The features of the synthesis of neural controllers for the car speed control system are considered in this article. The task of synthesis is to determine the weight coefficients of neural networks that provide the implementation of proportional and proportional-integralderivative control laws. The synthesis of controllers is based on an approach that uses a reversed model of the standard. A model of the car speed control system with the use of permitting subsystems has been developed, with the help of the synthesized controller that is connected under certain specified conditions. With the iterative programming and mathematical modeling environment in MATLAB, and using the Simulink package, a structural scheme for controlling the speed of the car was constructed and simulated using synthesized neural controllers.

7

Internet of Things based Speed Control for an Industrial Electric Vehicle using ARM Core

Arunkumar P. L., Ramaswamy M., Sharmeela C.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 2

113--121

EN

Increasing greenhouse gases impose severe concern over the environment resulting in rising dangerous calamities of climate change in the form of floods, etc. Major disadvantages like intermittency of electric vehicles need to be charged after traveling fixed distance. The paper develops an algorithm for a selected industrial electric vehicle to be controlled at different speeds that envisages working on real time Internet of Things (IoT) based Global Po-sitioning System (GPS) signals. It engages the ARM core based STM micro-controller in conjunction with mesh networked Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to govern the operations besides enabling it to be dynamically monitored. The system design considers the vehicle parameters that include the speed of vehicle and the engine, State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH) of battery together with real time GPS based navigation system using IoT bundled GPS based maps interface. The methodology involves a closed loop monitoring with specified sequence of steps that augur the system to operate at defined speed over designated work shifts and schedules. The procedure introduces an embedded C environment with a process of unit-testing based simulation to capture the merits of schema in terms of an improved vehicle performance under varying parametric conditions.

8

Fuzzy Controller for Simplified Model of Mobile Vehicle Steering Booster

Koleda Peter, Naščák Ľubomir, Hrčková Mária, Magdolinič Róbert

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 4, Iss. 1

40--50

EN

The article is aimed on the possibility of fuzzy control of an experimental device that represents the simplified model of automobile steering booster. The main part of model consists of a graphical unit illustrating the control of speed and supporting torque. Based on the structure of fuzzy controller, various counts and configurations of fuzzy sets were defined, whereby the relevant results were achieved by their application on controlled system.

9

Integration of image-based fog detection with autonomous decision system for Intelligent Road Sign

Chmiel Wojciech, Derkacz Jan, Dziech Andrzej, Gozdecki Janusz, Jędrusik Stanisław, Kadłuczka Piotr, Kwiecień Joanna, Mikrut Zbigniew, Rogus Grzegorz

Journal of KONBiN

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2021

|

Vol. 51, iss. 3

19--36

EN

The paper presents the description of the decision system implemented for Intelligent Road Signs. It focuses on the implementation of the novel air transparency analysis system and its integration with the rule system and the speed control infrastructure. Moreover, there are presented issues of making decisions about the content displayed in the case of autonomous and cooperating signs. To reflect more closely on real-life situations, it is assumed that the content presented by the IRS changes dynamically, depending on the road traffic and weather parameters. The IRS system operation was presented using fog detection as an example.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono oryginalny system analizy przejrzystości powietrza i metodę jego integracji z systemem regułowym inteligentnego znaku drogowego (IRS). Elementem decydującym o działaniu autonomicznego znaku oraz kooperacji grupy znaków jest zbiór reguł decyzyjnych określających treść wyświetlanych komunikatów. Dynamika rzeczywistej sytuacji drogowej wymusza zmienność treści prezentowanej przez IRS, w zależności od aktualnych parametrów ruchu drogowego lub warunków pogodowych. Działanie systemu IRS zostało zaprezentowane na przykładzie dotyczącym detekcji mgły.

10

Variable rotational speed control system of sewage pumping station

Szychta E., Szychta L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

|

Vol. 13, no. 2

343--346

EN

Cascade and variable rotational speed control systems of sewage pumping stations are compared in this article. The range of pump efficiency variations and potential for breakdowns are adopted as criteria. A pumping station including two or three pumps is analysed. A control system at a variable rotational speed and maximum sewage level is presented. Properties of a cascade control system and a system at a maximum head of sewage are compared using the example of any pump performance chart.

11

Research on speed control of high-speed train based on multi-point model

Hou Tao, Guo Yang-yang, Niu Hong-xia

Archives of Transport

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2019

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Vol. 50, iss. 2

35--46

EN

The traditional train speed control research regards the train as a particle, ignoring the length of the train and the interaction force between carriages. Although this method is simple, the control error is large for high-speed trains with the characteristics of power dispersion. Moreover, in the control process, if the length of the train is not considered, when the train passes the slope point or the curvature point, the speed will jump due to the change of the line, causing a large control error and reducing comfort. In order to improve the accuracy of high-speed train speed control and solve the problem of speed jump when the train runs through variable slope and curvature, the paper takes CRH3 EMU data as an example to establish the corresponding multi-point train dynamics model. In the control method, the speed control of high-speed train needs to meet the fast requirement. Comparing the merits and demerits of classical PID control, fuzzy control and fuzzy adaptive PID control in tracking the ideal running curve of high-speed train, this paper chooses the fuzzy adaptive PID control with fast response. Considering that predictive control can predict future output, a predictive fuzzy adaptive PID controller is designed, which is suitable for high-speed train model based on multi-point. The simulation results show that the multi-point model of the high-speed train can solve the speed jump problem of the train when passing through the special lines, and the predictive fuzzy adaptive PID controller can control the speed of the train with multi-point model, so that the train can run at the desired speed, meeting the requirements of fast response and high control accuracy.

12

A new approach for control the velocity of the hydrostatic system for scissor lift with fixed displacement pump

Stawinski Lukasz, Kosucki Andrzej, Morawiec Adrian, Sikora Malgorzata

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 19, no. 4

1104--1115

EN

The article describes a new approach to the issue of controlling hydrostatic systems with fixed displacement pump using the frequency inverter and the simple controller unit. The aim of the article is to present a method of controlling the velocity of scissor lift drive to provide a constant velocity of the platform, regardless of its load, geometry and current location. The main feature of the proposed solution is the use of feedback in the quasi open loop from platform displacement sensor to the velocity control system of the electric motor. To ensure theThere is a possibility of using the proposed control system in a typical hydrostatic scissor lift, with added only an inverter, a platform displacement sensor and a controller to an existing machine. The proposed control strategy has been verified experimentally on an existing drive, and the obtained results show satisfactory mileages and very high accuracy of maintaining and shaping the platform velocity. The developed mathematical and physical models of the whole drive has been verified on the test bench. The conducted research gives information about new possibilities of using the inverter in hydrostatic systems, such as increasing efficiency, decreasing acceleration, decelerations , damping and improve the safety of the operation.

13

Influence of filters for numerical differentiation on parameter tuning of PI speed controllers

Brock S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2018

|

R. 94, nr 5

60--64

EN

The main purpose of this study was to describe a parameter tuning of PI speed controller when the speed is determined by differentiating the position. In the first part three methods of speed calculation was selected: moving average, low pass filter, and smooth derivative with FIR filter. Dynamic and static properties of presented methods were compared through simulation studies. The results can be helpful in choosing method for estimation the speed of the direct drive, especially for very low speeds. In the second part the relationship between the degree of smooth filter and controller setting is analysed. Simulation results show that the proposed control approach can provide good dynamic of the drive.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono dobór parametrów regulatora prędkości typu PI w uk ładzie sterowania, w którym sygnał prędkości jest wyznaczany poprzez różniczkowanie sygnału położenia. W pierwszej części wybrano trzy metody wyznaczania sygnału prędkości: ruchoma średnia, filtr dolno-przepustowy, oraz gładka metoda różniczkowania z filtrem FIR. Na drodze badań symulacyjnych porównano właściwości dynamiczne i statyczne zaprezentowanych metod. Zaprezentowane wyniki mogą być pomocą w wyborze metody wyznaczania prędkości, szczególnie w zakresie bardzo niskich prędkości obrotowych. W drugiej części pracy przeanalizowano zależność nastaw regulatora prędkości od stopnia filtru wygładzającego. Wyniki badań symulacyjnych wskazują, że zaproponowane podejście zapewnia uzyskanie dobrych właściwości dynamicznych napędu.

14

Algorytm GWO zastosowany w optymalizacji adaptacyjnego regulatora neuronowo-rozmytego układu dwumasowego

Kamiński M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2018

|

R. 94, nr 5

74--79

PL

Publikacja przedstawia aplikację adaptacyjnego regulatora neuronowo-rozmytego w sterowaniu układem dwumasowym. W trakcie wyznaczania poprawek dla przestrajanego modelu wykorzystano dodatkowy predyktor neuronowy. Struktura sterowania zawierająca opisywany regulator charakteryzuje się wysoką dynamiką oraz szybką reakcją na zmiany parametrów obiektu. Jednak w etapie projektowania, występuje konieczność wyznaczania stałych algorytmu adaptacyjnego, trudnych do jednoznacznego opisania zależnościami matematycznymi. W przedstawionym zadaniu zastosowano algorytm GWO (Grey Wolf Optimizer). Artykuł zawiera opis kolejnych etapów przetwarzania w trakcie optymalizacji oraz uzyskane wyniki badań symulacyjnych oraz eksperymentalnych.

EN

This article presents application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller for two-mass system. Updates of weights are calculated based on signal from additional neural predictor. High dynamic of control structure with proposed model and fast reaction against changes of plant parameters are observed. However, design process needs selection of learning coefficients used in calculations of adaptive law. Mathematical representation of those parameters is difficult. For this purpose GWO (Grey Wolf Optimizer) is implemented. Paper contains description of several stages of optimization and obtained results.

15

Adaptacyjny regulator neuronowy typu RBF zastosowany w sterowaniu napędem elektrycznym z silnikami PMSM

Kamiński M., Najdek K.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2018

|

R. 94, nr 6

94--98

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia strukturę sterowania prędkością układu napędowego z silnikiem PMSM. Pierwsza część opisywanego projektu dotyczyła konstrukcji rzeczywistego stanowiska laboratoryjnego. Istotnym założeniem, w tym etapie prac, była redukcja kosztów poprzez implementację algorytmu sterowania w tanim procesorze ARM. Kolejnym zadaniem była analiza działania adaptacyjnego regulatora prędkości, opartego o model sieci radialnej (Radial Basis Function), której współczynniki wagowe podlegały adaptacji w trybie on-line. Podczas projektowania regulatora zastosowano metaheurystyczny algorytm BAT.

EN

This article presents speed control structure of electrical drive with PMSM motor. First part of project is related to hardware construction of real drive. Important assumption was cost reduction of experimental platform. For this purpose the control algorithm was implemented in low-cost programmable device (ARM processor). Next stage of work was focused on design and analysis of adaptive speed controller, this part of control structure was based on Radial Basis Function neural network. Additionally, metaheuristic BAT algorithm was applied for optimization of selected elements of neural controller.

16

Laboratory Tests of a Speed Control System for Roadheader Cutting Heads

Joostberens J., Heyduk A.

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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2018

|

Vol. 1, Iss. 1

153--159

EN

The paper presents selected results of the laboratory tests of the speed control system for the R-130 roadheader with an inverter-fed cutting heads drive. The results recorded for the variable speed system have been compared with the measurement obtained for the network supplied drive. There have been noticed some oscillations after rapid current overloads. They are due to the operation of the internal current controller of the PWM-inverter, The oscillations are fast decaying - so they prove the results of initial system stability checking. Generally, the automatic speed control, tracking the optimum speed level calculating by supervisory speed adjuster makes possible to better utilize the motor power throughout the whole cutting time. The better operating conditions of the motor cause increase in the whole system power efficiency (even in spite of additional losses in the inverter circuit) Additionally the sped control reduces dynamical overloads. This fact can have a positive influence on the whole system reliability. The speed control subsystem is a part of the whole control system which contains also close-loop boom angular position and velocity control circuits.

17

Wpływ regulacji prędkości na pobór mocy przez silniki przenośnika taśmowego

Karolewski B.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2017

|

R. 93, nr 9

74--77

PL

Badano zmiany poboru mocy przez silniki napędowe przenośnika taśmowego przy zmniejszaniu jego prędkości. Analizowano wpływ regulacji prędkości na pracę przenośnika poziomego i transportującego urobek dość stromo w górę. Obliczono wartości oporów ruchu i momenty obciążenia silników przy pełnej prędkości i przy połowie prędkości. Pobór mocy z sieci wyznaczono dwoma metodami. W pierwszym wariancie wykorzystano proste zależności statyczne. W wariancie drugim posłużono się dynamicznym modelem silnika zaimplementowanym w programie ATP/EMTP.

EN

The changes of the power consumption by the drive motors of the belt conveyor in case of reducing the speed were studied. The influence of the speed control on the work of two conveyors: horizontal and transporting excavated material quite steeply up were analyzed. Values of the resistances of motion and motor’s load torque at full speed and at half speed were calculated. The power consumption of the supply network was determined by two methods. In a first variant according to uses simple static patterns. In the second variant a dynamic model of the engine implemented in the ATP / EMTP program was used.

18

Predykcyjne układy regulacji prędkości silnika indukcyjnego ze skończonym zbiorem rozwiązań – badania porównawcze

Wróbel K.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2017

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R. 93, nr 2

255--258

PL

W prezentowanej pracy przedstawiono porównanie predykcyjnych układów regulacji ze skończonym zbiorem rozwiązań z krótkim i długim horyzontem predykcji zastosowanych do sterowania prędkością silnika indukcyjnego. Dodatkowo przedstawiono modyfikację algorytmu polegającą na wprowadzeniu dwóch stref regulacji (regulacji zgrubnej i doregulowania) oraz wprowadzeniu elementu całkującego błąd. Współczynniki wagowe zastosowanej w regulatorze funkcji celu dobierane były przy użyciu algorytmów genetycznych.

EN

The article presents comparison of finite set predictive control system with short and long horizon used to induction motor speed control. In addition, modification of the algorithm consisting in introduction of two regulation areas (for coarse adjustment and regulation in the area of steady state) and introduction of component that integrates an error is presented. Weighting factors used in the controller’s cost function are selected using genetic algorithm.

19

Ewolucja mierników prędkości – od wskazówki do lasera

Dawidowski M., Kulesza-Mincer A., Owczarek W.

Metrologia i Probiernictwo : biuletyn Głównego Urzędu Miar

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2017

|

nr 3-4 (18-19)

48--52

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest przegląd mierników prędkości, poczynając od wprowadzonego w 1906 roku sekundomierza, przez bardziej zaawansowane rozwiązanie, jak rejestrator prędkości, telemobiloskop, radar, po laser. Nakreślono pokrótce tło historyczne oraz omówiono zasady funkcjonowania poszczególnych przyrządów. W publikacji przedstawiono również obowiązujące obecnie zasady legalizacji mierników prędkości.

EN

This article contains an overview of speedometers, dating back to 1906 when a stopwatch was introduced, which led to a more advanced solution such as speed recorder, telemobiloscope, radar and finally laser. The historical background as well as the mode of operation of the individual instruments are briefly outlined. The study also outlines the current rules for the validation of speedometers.

20

The analysis of various measures of the speed control of the traffic in the cities and settlements of the Republic of Belarus

Kapski D., Korzhova A.

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2017

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Vol. 2, No. 2

26--34

EN

The results of the analysis of various measures of calm of movement in cities and settlements are presented in the article. The alternative measures of physical and psychological effects on the traffic participants are considered. Particular attention is paid to the application of speed humps. They are installed on the streets of cities and settlements widely. The statistics of road traffic accidents at sites with humps in Minsk are considered. Various aspects of the effect of speed humps on accident rate have been established. And experimental studies of the instantaneous speeds of road vehicles in the installation area of speed humps have been performed. New modifications of speed humps are proposed, the design of which was developed on the basis of research of interactions with the car. Also the study investigated the effect of hump on the accident rate, delays in transportation, changes of speed and flow density. In addition, specific proposals have been developed. They are included in the technical normative legal acts in our country partially. That proposals allows to increase the overall quality of traffic (minimize the total economic, environmental and emergency losses from installation of speed humps). For example, alternative variants of design decisions on improvement of quality traffic safety are considered. In addition, the article considers other measures of forced speed control on streets network of cities and settlements in the country.