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Wybrane aspekty bezpieczeństwa przesyłu wodoru: monitoring oraz granice wybuchowości wodoru i jego mieszaniny z gazem ziemnym

Kuczyński Szymon, Kogut Krzysztof

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2023

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R. 26, Nr 4 (290)

14-19

PL

W ostatnich latach zwiększający się popyt na alternatywne źródła energii, jak również coraz ostrzejsze wymogi dotyczące redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych, skłoniły do rozważań na temat roli wodoru jako potencjalnego nośnika energii. Wodór może być wykorzystywany jako czyste źródło energii, a także jako zielony nośnik energii pochodzącej z odnawialnych źródeł. Jednakże, aby wodór mógł stać się szeroko wykorzystywanym nośnikiem energii, należy opracować skuteczne metody jego transportu. Jednym z możliwych sposobów transportu wodoru jest przesył rurociągowy. Transport wodoru rurociągami ma kilka zalet, w tym możliwość przesyłania dużych ilości wodoru na duże odległości, niskie koszty transportu w porównaniu z transportem drogowym lub kolejowym, a także niski wpływ na środowisko. Niemniej jednak, istnieją również pewne wyzwania związane z rurociągowym transportem wodoru, w tym problemy z bezpieczeństwem, granicą wybuchowości oraz monitoringiem parametrów jakościowych.

EN

In recent years, the increasing demand for alternative energy sources, as well as increasingly stringent requirements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, have prompted consideration of the role of hydrogen as a potential energy carrier. Hydrogen can be used as a clean energy source as well as a green energy carrier from renewable sources. However, in order for hydrogen to become a widely used energy carrier,effective methods of its transport must be developed. One of the possible ways of transporting hydrogen is pipeline transport. Transporting hydrogen by pipeline has several advantages, including the ability to transport large amounts of hydrogen over long distances, low transport costs compared to road or rail transport, and low environmental impact. Nevertheless, there are also some challenges related to the pipeline transport of hydrogen, including problems with safety, explosive limits and monitoring of quality parameters.

2

Chemiczna synteza soli amoniowych acetamiprydu, badania spektroskopowe ich równowagowych struktur izomerycznych i ich aktywności grzybobójczej

Maranda Andrzej, Schilf Wojciech, Gucma Mirosław, Gołębiewski Wiesław Marek, Krawczyk Maria, Pucko Wiesław

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 5

438--467

PL

Osiem nieznanych amoniowych soli acetamiprydu (I) (acetamipridium) (chlorowodorek, siarczan, ortofosforan, mrówczan, chlorooctan, trichlorooctan, metanosulfonian i kakodylan) zsyntetyzowano przez wieloetapową konwersję 3-metylopirydyny i zbadano pod kątem struktur równowagowych w solach za pomocą spektroskopii 2D-NMR i widm NOESY w celu wykazania istnienia 2 różnych struktur izomerycznych I (stosunek 80/20). Dla porównania zsyntetyzowano i zidentyfikowano 8 nieznanych analogicznych soli 3-metylopirydyny. Analizę rentgenowską rosnących kryształów I wykorzystano do identyfikacji izomerii geometrycznej cis/trans grup Me w I oraz do potwierdzenia jej struktury. Widma korelacyjne HMBC(¹⁵N-¹H) NMR z powodzeniem wykorzystano do zlokalizowania atomów N w badanych solach I, w których doszło do protonowania. Wykazano również działanie grzybobójcze struktury trans-I.

EN

Eight unknown acetamiprid (I) ammonium (acetamipridium) salts (hydrochloride, sulfate, orthophosphate, formate, chloroacetate, trichloroacetate, methanesulfonate, and cacodilate) were synthesized by multi-stage conversion of 3-methylpyridine and studied for isomeric equil. in solns. by 2D-NMR spectroscopy and NOESY spectra to evidence the existence of 2 different isomeric structures of I (ratio 80/20). For comparison, 8 unknown analogous 3-methylpyridine salts were synthesized and identified. The X-ray anal. of growing I crystals was used to identify the geometric cis/trans isomerism of Me groups in I and to confirm its structure. The HMBC (15N-1H) NMR correlation spectra were successfully used to localize the N atoms in studied I salts where protonation took place. The fungicidal activity of the trans-I structure was also evidenced.

3

Centra barwne azot-wakancja w diamencie - od klejnotów do technologii kwantowych

Mrózek Mariusz, Wojciechowski Adam M., Gawlik Wojciech

Postępy Fizyki

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2023

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T. 74, z. 1

2--13

PL

Diamenty zachwycają doskonałym pięknem i niezwykłymi właściwościami. Najczęściej kojarzone są z branżą jubilerską lub z zastosowaniem w przemyśle szlifierskim. Najciekawsze i najważniejsze własności diamentów związane są z tym, że możemy je badać i modyfikować do nietypowych zastosowań. W szczególności specyficzne defekty diamentu, centra barwne azot-wakancja, otwierają niezwykle ciekawe możliwości, z których kilka opisujemy poniżej. W artykule omówione zostały podstawowe właściwości diamentów, ich pochodzenie i metody sytetyzowania, a także niedoskonałości struktury krystalicznej diamentu, które mogą wykazywać nowe właściwości optyczne i spektroskopowe. Druga część artykułu prezentuje strukturę i właściwości jednego z takich defektów - centrum barwnego azot-wakancja (NV). W końcowej części omówione zostały praktyczne zastosowania centrów NV w charakterze czujnika wielkości fizycznych takich jak pole magnetyczne i temperatura, a także w dziedzinie przetwarzania informacji kwantowej - być może zaowocuje to powstaniem komercyjnego komputera kwantowego zbudowanego na ciele stałym.

EN

Diamonds impress with their perfect beauty and extraordinary properties. They are most often associated with the jewellery industry or with the use in grinding industry. The most interesting and important ones can be studied and modified. In particular, specific diamond defects, the nitrogen-vacancy color centers, have extremely interesting properties. They also allow for very attractive applications, some of which are described below. Here we discuss the basic properties of diamonds, their origin, and methods of synthesis, as well as the defects of their crystal structure, which may exhibit exciting new optical properties. In the second part of the article, we focus on the structure and properties of one such defect - the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center. The following parts present some practical applications of NV centers as sensors of physical quantities such as magnetic field and temperature, as well as in the field of quantum information processing. The latter option opens a window to the construction of a commercial solid-state quantum computer, which would be a great help in mass production.

4

The conversıon of ethanol to acetone on a ZnO-CaO catalyst in the presence of water vapor

Baghirova Narqiz N., Mustafayeva Rena E.

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 10

684--689

EN

The main product of the conversion of ethanol to acetone on a ZnO-CaO catalyst is acetone, the yield of which strongly depends on the composition of the reaction environment. When oxygen is present, the yield of products of destructive and complete oxidation increases greatly. In contrast, when water vapor is present, both the selectivity and conversion of ethanol increase. Therefore, the conversion of ethanol is the limiting step in the overall process, which determines the selectivity of the conversion of ethanol to acetone. In this regard, it appeared suitable to investigate the effect of introducing water to the contact zone. As experiments indicated, the addition of water caused a significant effect on the conversion, selectivity, and acetone yield on the ZnO-CaO catalyst. As the partial pressure of water vapor increases, the conversion of ethanol and the acetone yield increase, while the yield of carbon dioxide decreases. The decrease in carbon dioxide is associated not only with the inhibition of the conversion of ethanol to CO2. In this study, the adsorption of water vapor and ammonia on the surface of the ZnO-CaO catalyst was examined by infrared spectroscopy method. It has been shown that water vapor at low temperatures is adsorbed on the catalyst surface in the molecular form, while at higher temperatures it is adsorbed in the dissociative form. Co-transformation reactions of ethanol with acetic acid, acetaldehyde with ethylene, and acetaldehyde with acetic acid have been studied. The obtained results indicated that acetone is formed mainly through the stage of complexation of acetaldehyde with ethylene. The isomerization reaction of 1-butene to 2-butene has been investigated. It was found that the yield of cis-2-butene in the absence of water vapor is higher, likely attributed to the molecular adsorption of water on Lewis centers. Based on these findings, a scheme for the vapor-phase conversion of ethanol into acetone on the studied catalysts was formulated.

PL

Głównym produktem konwersji etanolu do acetonu na katalizatorze ZnO-CaO jest aceton, którego wydajność silnie zależy od składu środowiska reakcji. W obecności tlenu znacznie wzrasta wydajność produktów destrukcyjnego i całkowitego utlenienia. Natomiast w obecności pary wodnej wzrasta selektywność i konwersja etanolu. Dlatego konwersja etanolu jest etapem ograniczającym w całym procesie, który określa selektywność konwersji etanolu do acetonu. W związku z tym celowe wydawało się zbadanie wpływu domieszek wody do strefy kontaktu. Jak wykazały doświadczenia, dodatek wody miał istotny wpływ na konwersję, selektywność i wydajność acetonu na katalizatorze ZnO-CaO. Wraz ze wzrostem ciśnienia cząstkowego pary wodnej wzrasta konwersja etanolu i wydajność acetonu, podczas gdy wydajność dwutlenku węgla maleje. Spadek dwutlenku węgla jest związany nie tylko z hamowaniem konwersji etanolu do CO2. W niniejszej pracy metodą spektroskopii w podczerwieni badano adsorpcję pary wodnej i amoniaku na powierzchni katalizatora ZnO-CaO. Wykazano, że para wodna w niskich temperaturach jest adsorbowana na powierzchni katalizatora w postaci cząsteczkowej, natomiast w wyższych temperaturach jest adsorbowana w postaci dysocjacyjnej. Zbadano reakcje kotransformacji etanolu z kwasem octowym, aldehydu octowego z etylenem i aldehydu octowego z kwasem octowym. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że aceton powstaje głównie na etapie kompleksowania aldehydu octowego z etylenem. Zbadano reakcję izomeryzacji 1-butenu do 2-butenu. Stwierdzono, że wydajność cis-2-butenu w nieobecności pary wodnej jest większa, co prawdopodobnie wynika z molekularnej adsorpcji wody na centrach Lewisa. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników zaproponowano schemat przemiany etanolu do acetonu w fazie gazowej na badanych katalizatorach.

5

Eco-friendly bioplastic material development via sustainable seaweed biocomposite

Tarangini Korumilli, Huthaash Keshav, Kumar V. Nandha, Kumar Selva T., Jayakumar Onattu Damodharan, Wacławek Stanisław, Rao Korukonda Jagajjanani, Padil Vinod V. T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 3

333--341

EN

The study focused on the development of an environmentally friendly bioplastic material using sustainable seaweed-based biocomposites. Algal biomass (Gracilaria edulis) was processed and combined with starch, glycerol, glacial acetic acid, and chitosan to create flexible, homogenous biopolymer films. These films exhibited comparable physical properties to commercial plastics and retained their inherent colour post-processing. Spectroscopic analysis revealed intense UV-Vis peak points aligned with seaweed composition. Mechanical testing demonstrated adequate strength and flexibility, similar to starch-based bioplastics, with a tensile strength of 3.383 MPa and lower elongation strength of about 31.90 %. Material migration tests indicated a preference for water, suggesting suitability for low-moisture foods. The bioplastic film displayed notable biodegradability and compostability, showcasing its potential as a sustainable alternative for food packaging. This innovative contribution advances eco-friendly bioplastic material, addressing plastic pollution and promoting biocomposite use.

6

Evaluation of radiological hazards and trace element contamination around thermal power plant at Udupi on the Southwest coast of India

Achari Sandesh, Ramanand Vinutha Pudiyaneravana, Shivanandappa Kaliprasad Chikkahalkur, Yerol Narayana

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 3

1289--1303

EN

Coastal Karnataka on the southwest coast of India is heading to become a region of major industrial activity center with the operation of oil refineries, petrochemical complexes and nuclear and thermal power stations. In view of this, studies have been initiated on radioactivity and trace elements to assess the impact of these industrial activities on the human population and environment of the region. As a result, the radiological hazards originating from radioactivity in soil and fly ash were evaluated in the vicinity of a thermal power plant at Udupi in coastal Karnataka. The gamma ray spectrometer techniques were employed to measure radioactivity in soil and fly ash sample. The mean activity concentration of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in soils was found to be 190.64 ± 3.60 Bq kg-1,43.74 ± 2.17 Bq kg-1 and 59.36 ± 1.74 Bq kg-1 similarly for fly ash it was found to be 229.37 ± 4.22 Bq kg-1, 28.29 ± 1.73 Bq kg-1 and 39.06 ± 1.49 Bq kg-1, respectively. The possible impact of natural radiation on a human has been assessed by calculating the hazards parameters. Spatial distribution of natural radionuclides in the study area was also investigated for radioactivity disequilibrium. Major mineralogical analysis was carried out using XRD and FTIR techniques. The trace element C, O, Al, Si, Fe, Ti, Cr, K, Mg, Mn and Ni in soil were determined by FESEM/EDS. The soil in the region was found to be rich in aluminum and silica, with iron being the next most abundant element.

7

Analysis of the state of the art on non-intrusive object-screening techniques

Mamchur Dmytro, Peksa Janis, Le Clainche Soledad, Vinuesa Ricardo

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

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R. 98, nr 2

168--173

EN

The paper is devoted to an analysis of the modern methods and techniques used for non-intrusive object screening. First, currently used technology and the principle of equipment operation are described. Next, the ways for improving the reliability and efficiency of the screening process and ways for its automation are indicated. Finally, a schematic of an automated screening system that uses additional sensors and implements AI-based analysis for automatic detection and distinguishing between legal, illegal and illicit items inside the object under inspection is proposed.

PL

Artykuł poświecony jest analizie nowoczesnych metod i technik stosowanych w nieinwazyjnej detekcji obiektu. Omówione zostały obecnie używane metody detekcji, a następnie wskazano na możliwości poprawy efektywności i wiarygodności tych metod poprzez wprowadzenie automatyzacji procesów automatyzacji. W końcu pokazano schemat systemu automatycznej inspekcji, w którym wykorzystano dodatkowe czujniki oraz elementy sztucznej inteligencji, pozwalające na rozróżnianie legalnych i nielegalnych rzeczy w obiekcie poddanemu inspekcji.

8

Biochar as a Cadmium Scavenger in the Aquatic Environment Remediation: Date Seeds as Raw Material

Al-Tarawneh Amjad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

270--280

EN

It was found that date seeds are suitable for biochar production due to their low moisture content 8.92%, low ash yield 1.05%, and high organic matter content 78.3%. The biochar was produced by pyrolysis at 350, 450 and 550°C. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical characteristics of biochar was investigated. It was found that the porosity, water holding capacity, ash content, pH, organic matter, fixed carbon, and the elemental content of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, P, Zn, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Ti, and V were increased along with pyrolysis temperature. Meanwhile, the biochar yield, bulk density, and the total content of N and S were decreased. The biochar was tested as a sustainable adsorbent to investigate the adsorption of Cd from contaminated water. The adsorption isotherms of Cd on biochar were determined based on Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption of Cd at 25°C and pH 7 were 667, 714, and 833 mg/kg for the biochars produced at 350, 450, and 550°C, respectively. On the basis of the physicochemical characteristics of the biochar and the findings from Langmuir equation that showed the biochar produced at 550°C has the highest adsorption capacity for Cd, the desorption/adsorption experiment was carried out using the biochar produced at 550°C. The adsorption of Cd by biochar was directly proportional to the Cd concentrations. It was increased from 0.009 mmol/0.5g at 0.01 mmol Cd to 0.12 mmol/0.5g at 0.2 mmol Cd concentration. The desorption of Cd from biochar was increased proportionally to cadmium concentrations from 0.01 to 0.05 mmol and became constant above 0.05 mmol, regardless of the increment of cadmium concentrations. High retention potential for the cadmium that adsorbed within the biochar was proven in this study with desorption/adsorption percentage of 16%. These findings provide a successful example of date seeds converting into the sustainable adsorbent for Cd removal from aquatic environment to achieve the conception of eco-friendly production, which should be studied further.

9

Natural radionuclides in rocks and their association with the mineralogy of rocks in Dakshina Kannada region of southern India

Lokesh Narsha, Vinutha Pudiyaneravana Ramanand, Malleshi Kavasara, Narayana Yerol

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 5

2149--2160

EN

The radioactivity levels of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the rocks of Dakshina Kannada region of southern India were measured by NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 4.2±0.4 to 74.5±1.7 Bq kg−1, 14.5±0.7 to 83.5±1.6 Bq kg−1, and 172±3 to 964±7 Bq kg−1 with the mean of 25.1±1.0 Bq kg−1, 36.1±1.0 Bq kg−1, and 502±5.0 Bq kg−1, respectively. The normality of the frequency distribution curves of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The radiological hazard indices were computed from the measured activity concentration of natural radionuclides in rocks and these were found to be within acceptable levels. To investigate the sources of radioactivity, the minerals involved in the rocks were detected using XRD and FTIR. The mineralogical studies reveal that the principal sources of gamma radiation in the study area are 232Th-rich phosphates and 40K-bearing feldspars.

10

Synthesis, computational, anticancerous and antiproliferative effects of some copper, manganese and zinc complexes with ligands derived from symmetrical 2,2’-diamino-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl-salicylaldehyde

Ababneh Taher S., El-Khateeb Mohammad, Tanash Aissar K., AL-Shboul Tareq M.A., Shammout Mohammad Jamal A., Jazzazi Taghreed M.A., Alomari Mohammad, Daoud Safa, Talib Wamidh H.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2021

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Vol. 23, nr 1

7--15

EN

Four new symmetrical Schiff bases derived from 2,2’-diamino-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl-salicylaldehyde have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and different spectroscopic techniques. The reaction of 2,2’-diamino-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl with two equivalents of 5-tert-butyl-, 3,5-dinitro-, 3,5-dibromo- and 3-tert-butyl-salicylaldehyde yielded 2,2’-bis(5-tert-butyl-salicylideneamino)-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-biphenyl (A1) as well as the 3,5-dinitro- (A2), 3,5-dibromo- (A3) and 3-tert-butyl- (A4) substituted derivatives. The tetradentate ligands were then reacted with copper-, manganese- and zinc-acetate producing the tetra-coordinate metal complexes which were characterized by FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis. Zinc complexes were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory were carried out to fully optimize and examine the molecular geometries of complexes. Subsequently, IR vibrational and UV-Vis absorption spectra were computed and correlated with the observed values and the results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The anticancerous and antiproliferative activity of the A3 ligand and its metal complexes were determined.

11

Ellipsometry based spectroscopic complex for rapid assessment of the Bi2Te3-xSexthin films composition

Kovalev Vladimir, Uvaysov Saygid, Bogucki Marcin

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2021

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T. 11, nr 4

67--74

EN

A comparative analysis of the current state and development of spectral ellipsometry (SE) is carried out, the main limitations typical of popular configurations of measuring devices are determined. An original technical solution is proposed that allows one to create a two-source SE that implements the ellipsometry method with switching orthogonal polarization states. The measuring setup provides high precision of measurements of ellipsometric parameters Ψand Δin the spectral range of 270–2200 nm and the speed determined by the characteristics of pulsed sources with a simple ellipsometer design.As objects for experimental researches, confirming the efficiency and high precision qualities of the fabricated SE, we used a GaAs/ZnS-quarter-wave device for a CO2laser and SiO2on Si calibration plates. The optical properties of Bi2Te3-xSexfilms were investigated in the range of 270–1000 nm using a multi-angle SE. It was shown that the optical properties of Bi2Te3-xSexfilms monotonically change depending on the ratio of selenium and tellurium.

PL

W artykule najpierw dokonano analizy porównawczej obecnego stanu rozwoju elipsometriispektroskopowej oraz określono główne ograniczenia typowe dla popularnych konfiguracji urządzeń pomiarowych. Zaproponowano oryginalne rozwiązanie techniczne pozwalające na stworzenie dwuźródłowego elipsometu spektroskopowego z przełączaniem ortogonalnych stanów polaryzacji. Układ pomiarowy zapewnia wysoką precyzję pomiarów parametrów elipsometrycznych Ψ i Δ w zakresie spektralnym 270–2200 nm i prędkości wyznaczonej przez charakterystyki źródeł impulsowych przy prostej konstrukcji elipsometru. Jako obiekty do badań eksperymentalnych potwierdzających wydajność i wysoką precyzję proponowanego elipsometu spektroskopowego, wykorzystano ćwierćfalowy przyrząd GaAs/ZnS dla lasera CO2oraz płytki kalibracyjne SiO2na krzemie. Właściwości optyczne warstw Bi2Te3-xSexzbadano w zakresie 270–1000 nm przy użyciu wielokątowego elipsometu spektroskopowego. Wykazano, że właściwości optyczne cienkich warstw Bi2Te3-xSexzmieniają się monotonicznie w zależności od stosunku zawartości selenu i telluru.

12

Comparison of packing media on stratified EPS and their role in the biofilm of trickling biofilter

Dong Bei, Zheng Jie, Wen Yi-Zheng, Lei Xian-Yan, Zhang Qian, Cao De-Ju

Environment Protection Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 47, nr 3

25--36

EN

The research focused on such packing media as ceramsite, polypropylene balls, and elastic fillers, and analyzed the main characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in their filter biofilms. The EPS were categorized as soluble EPS (S-EPS) and bound EPS (B-EPS). The component characteristics of stratified EPS were investigated via UV-Vis spectroscopy and a three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM). The results showed that the EPS content of ceramsite biofilm was 245.2 mg/g VSS, which was higher than those of elastic filler material and polypropylene ball by 1.26 and 1.51 times, respectively. The protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS) ratio of EPS in the ceramsite filter material was highest in S-EPS and B-EPS, indicating that the EPS have a stable structure. More than 67.58% of EPS formed by ceramsite was tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), which was beneficial to maintaining the stability of biofilms. The levels of proteins (PN) and humic substances formed by ceramsite contained in the TB-EPS were higher than those of elastic filter material and polypropylene balls. 3D-EEM fluorescence spectra revealed that TB-EPS formed by a ceramsite contained high concentrations of tryptophan, tyrosine, and humic substances. The dehydrogenase activity of biofilm formed by ceramsite filler was higher than that formed by elastic fillers and polypropylene balls.

13

Spectroscopy analyses of structure-property correlations in citrate-based elastomeric biomaterials

Koper Filip, Świergosz Tomasz, Żaba Anna, Flis Agata, Trávníčková Martina, Bačáková Lucie, Pamuła Elżbieta, Bogdał Dariusz, Kasprzyk Wiktor

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2021

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Vol. 24, no. 163

94

14

Cavitation erosion of electrostatic spray polyester coatings with different surface finish

Szala Mirosław, Świetlicki Aleksander, Sofińska-Chmiel Weronika

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 4

art. no. e137519

EN

Polyester coatings are among the most commonly used types of powder paints and present a wide range of applications. Apart from its decorative values, polyester coating successfully prevents the substrate from environmental deterioration. This work investigates the cavitation erosion (CE) resistance of three commercial polyester coatings electrostatic spray onto AW-6060 aluminium alloy substrate. Effect of coatings repainting (single- and double-layer deposits) and effect of surface finish (matt, silk gloss and structural) on resistance to cavitation were comparatively studied. The following research methods were used: CE testing using ASTM G32 procedure, 3D profilometry evaluation, light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry and FTIR spectroscopy. Electrostatic spray coatings present higher CE resistance than aluminium alloy. The matt finish double-layer (M2) and single-layer silk gloss finish (S1) are the most resistant to CE. The structural paint showed the lowest resistance to cavitation wear which derives from the rougher surface finish. The CE mechanism of polyester coatings relies on the material brittle-ductile behaviour, cracks formation, lateral net-cracking growth and removal of chunk coating material and craters’ growth. Repainting does not harm the properties of the coatings. Therefore, it can be utilised to regenerate or smother the polyester coating finish along with improvement of their CE resistance.

15

Parallel, multi-purpose Monte Carlo code for simulation of light propagation in segmented tissues

Wojtkiewicz Stanislaw, Liebert Adam

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 41, no. 4

1303--1321

EN

We have developed a massive-parallel, multi-purpose Monte Carlo (MC) code for simulation of light propagation in complex structures modelled with e.g. magnetic resonance images. The code is designed to execute parallel threads on a Linux-based cluster of computers equipped with multiple graphical processing units (GPU) utilizing NVidia CUDA technology. We show steps one can take to implements such code itself. Furthermore, we provide methodology of building a MRI-based head model and populating it with realistic optical properties at excitation and fluorescence emission wavelengths during inflow of fluorescence agent (indocyanine green – ICG). The proposed code provides following original features: (i) Simulation of fluorescence light propagation in media with spatial distribution of multiple different fluorophores characterized by concentration, quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime. (ii) The fluorescence light tracking does not need extra photon tracking and works in parallel with tracking photons at the excitation wavelength, introducing execution time overhead of 0.02% only. (iii) Calculation of high-resolution spatial distributions of sensitivity factors mapping voxels absorption change to parameters measured on a model surface: statistical parameters (moments) of the distribution of time of flight of photons. (iv) Random number generators states are preserved between runs to greatly improve calculation time of the sensitivity factors. (v) Simulation of fluorescence lifetime wide field imaging in diffusively scattering media. The code is designed to handle big models, divided into e.g. 200 million voxels or more, which other methods struggle to handle. Simulations on a human head model with 0.3 mm voxel size require 2 GB of a GPU memory only. This is supported by developed non-standard floating-point data storage format. The proposed code is cross-validated with field-leading MC and finite element methods on the same hardware environment for varying model sizes and temporal resolutions. Tests revealed competitive execution time and high temporal resolution of boundary data for high spatial resolution of MRI-based head model.

16

Frequency response of Norris gap derivatives and its prosperities for gas spectra analysis

Cięszczyk Sławomir

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2020

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T. 10, nr 4

25--28

EN

The article deals with an analysis of the properties of Norris gap derivatives. It discusses issues related to determining information from optical spectra measured with spectrometers. Impulse responses of differentiating filters were introduced using both Norris and Savitzky-Golay methods.The amplitude-frequency responses of the first and second order Norris differentiating filters were compared. The length impact of both segment and gaps on the frequency characteristics of filters was compared.The processing of exemplary gas spectra using the discussed technique was subsequently presented. The effect of first and second order derivatives on the spectra of carbon monoxide rotational lines for low resolution measurementsis investigated. The Norris method of derivatives arevery simple to implement and the calculation of theirparameters does not require the use of advanced numerical methods.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia analizę właściwości pochodnych według metody Norrisa. Omówiono w nim zagadnienia związane z wyznaczaniem informacji z widm optycznych mierzonychspektrometrami. Przedstawiono odpowiedzi impulsowe filtrów różniczkujących zarówno metodą Norrisa jak też Savitzky-Golay. Porównano odpowiedzi amplitudowo-częstotliwościowefiltrów różniczkujących Norrisa pierwszego i drugiego rzędu. Porównano wpływ zarówno długości segmentów jak i rozstępu (luk) na charakterystyki częstotliwościowe filtrów. Kolejno zaprezentowano przetwarzanieprzykładowych widm gazu z wykorzystaniem omawianej techniki. Przedstawiono także wpływ pochodnych pierwszego i drugiego rzędu na widma linii rotacyjnych tlenku węgla dla pomiarów o małej rozdzielczości. Metoda pochodnych według Norrisa jest bardzo prosta w implementacji a obliczanie jej parametrów nie wymaga stosowania zaawanasowanych metod numerycznych.

17

Understanding of fluorouracil nanoparticles sonochemical formation for its controlled delivery from polymeric surfaces

Chytrosz Paulina, Gołda-Cępa Monika, Cwilklik Łukasz, Kulig Waldemar, Kotarba Andrzej

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2020

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Vol. 23, no. 158 spec. iss.

36

18

Determination of aloe vera release from alginate based hydrogels

Miastkowska Małgorzata, Bialik-Wąs Katarzyna

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2020

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Vol. 23, no. 158 spec. iss.

34

19

Możliwości oraz obszar zastosowań małogabarytowego spektrometru DLP NIRScan Nano do błyskawicznych pomiarów spektralnych

Gąsiorowski Marek, Patryn Aleksy, Bychto Leszek

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektroniki i Informatyki Politechniki Koszalińskiej

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2019

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Nr 15

57--70

PL

Zmodyfikowana wersja minispektrometru typu DPL NIR Scan została testowo zastosowana w laboratoriach oraz w warunkach mobilnych do analizy różnych materiałów. Jako testowa została wybrana seria obiektów badawczych w postaci głównie obiektów organicznych. Metoda pomiarowa i zastosowane urządzenie z powodzeniem może być zastosowane również do badania różnorodnych cienkowarstwowych materiałów półprzewodnikowych, ze względu na zakres pomiarowy. Badania wstępne już wykonane na innych obiektach, w tym z grupy materiałów stosowanych w elektronice, m.in. filmów półprzewodnikowych i nanokompozytowych, rokuje perspektywistyczność poszerzenia grupy obiektów pomiarowych też i na materiały z tej grupy. Za pomocą urządzenia można tworzyć bazy danych pomiarowych, które później mogą być wykorzystywane do diagnostyki badanych obiektów, w tym zmian w dziedzinie czasu lub na etapach obróbki technologicznej.

EN

A modified version of the DPL NIR Scan type mini-spectrometer was tested in laboratories and in mobile conditions for the analysis of various materials. A series of research objects in the form of mainly organic objects was chosen as the testing probes. The measuring method and the device used can also be successfully used for testing various thin-film semiconductor materials, due to the measuring range. Preliminary tests already performed on other objects, including from the group of materials used in electronics, among others semiconductor and nanocomposite films, promising the prospect of expanding the group of measurement objects also for materials from this group. Using the device, it is possible to create measurement databases that can later be used to diagnose the examined objects, including changes in the time domain or at the stages of technological processing.

20

Comparison of electric and radiometric methods for liquid dielectric diagnostic

Krbal Michal, Štěpánek Jaroslav, Pelikán Luděk, Orságová Jaroslava, Kolcunová Iraida

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2019

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R. 95, nr 6

15--22

EN

This paper is focused on the description and comparison the alternative photometric and radiometric methods for liquid dielectric quality diagnostic and parameters measurement, long-term practical verification and comparison of obtained data with conventional methods. The proper function and accuracy of the measured methods are verified in the Light Laboratory and in the CVVOZEPowerLab in Brno University of Technology.

PL

W artykule porównanie metody fotometrycznej i radiometrycznej stosowanej do diagnostyki właściwości dielektrycznych płynów. Przedstawiono weryfikację długoterminową oraz porównanie otrzymanych danych w wynikami metody konwencjonalnej.