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1

E-negotiation design and engineering

Kersten Gregory

Control and Cybernetics

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 1

11--31

EN

This paper is an excerpt from a book by Gregory Kersten, which was not yet completed before his unexpected passing in May 2020. Following a note from Gregory’s family, the paper includes a section of a book chapter dealing with negotiation protocols. It shows how negotiation, as a purposeful process governed by explicit and implicit rules has protocols that can be employed to help negotiators orient themselves in this process. In particular, with respect to e-negotiations, the paper stresses the need to have a shared and clear understanding of the terms that are used by negotiators and software, which should be provided by taxonomy or ontology. The paper distinguishes three principal aspects of negotiations: decision and choice; language; and process. It also identifies key challenges related to the successful implementation of negotiation software agents.

2

Enabling Autonomous Medical Image Data Annotation: A human-in-the-loop Reinforcement Learning Approach

da Cruz Leonardo, Sierra-Franco César, Silva-Calpa Greis, Raposo Alberto

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

|

Vol. 25

271--279

EN

Deep learning techniques have shown significant contributions to several fields, including medical image analysis. For supervised learning tasks, the performance of these techniques depends on a large amount of training data as well as labeled data. However, labeling is an expensive and time-consuming process. With this limitation, we introduce a new approach based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to cost-effective annotation in a set of medical data. Our approach consists of a virtual agent to automatically label training data, and a human-in-the-loop to assist in the training of the agent. We implemented the Deep Q-Network algorithm to create the virtual agent and adopted the method mentioned above, which employs human advice to the virtual agent. Our approach was evaluated on a set of medical X-ray data in different use cases, where the agent was required to create new annotations in the form of bounding boxes from unlabeled data. Results show that an agent training with advice positively impacts obtaining new annotations from a data set with scarce labels. This result opens up new possibilities for advancing the study and implementing autonomous approaches with human advice to create a cost-effective annotation in data sets for computer-aided medical image analysis.

3

An Agent-based Cyber-Physical Production System using Lego Technology

Mustafa Yalcin Metehan, Karaduman Burak, Kardas Geylani, Challenger Moharram

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

|

Vol. 25

521--531

EN

To cope with the challenges of constructing Cyber-physical Production Systems (CPPS), many studies propose benefiting from agent systems. However, industrial processes should be mostly emulated while agent-based solutions are integrating with CPPS since it is not always possible to apply cyber-based solutions to these systems directly. The target system can be miniaturised while sustaining its functionality. Hence, in this paper, we introduce an agent-based industrial production line and discuss the system development using Lego technology while providing integration of software agents as well as focusing on low-level requirements. In this way, a CPPS is emulated while agents control the system.

4

A Time-Sensitive Model for Data Tampering Detection for the Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Blanco José Miguel, Rossi Bruno, Pitner Tomas

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

|

Vol. 25

511--519

EN

Smart Grids offer multiple benefits: efficient energy provision, quicker recoveries from failures, etc. Nevertheless, there is risk of data tampering, unsolicited modification of the data of the smart meters. The main aim of this paper is to provide a model for processing the smart meter data that flags any energy consumption level that could be indication of data tampering. The proposed model is time-sensitive, allowing for tracking the energy usage along time, thus making possible the detection of long-lasting abnormal levels of energy consumption. Such model can be integrated in an anomaly detection system and in a semantic web reasoner.

5

A Practical Solution to Handling Randomness and Imperfect Information in Monte Carlo Tree Search

Świechowski Maciej, Tajmajer Tomasz

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

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Vol. 25

101--110

EN

This paper provides practical guidelines for developing strong AI agents based on the Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm in a game with imperfect information and/or randomness. These guidelines are backed up by series of experiments carried out in the very popular game - Hearthstone. Despite the focus on Hearthstone, the paper is written with reusability and universal applications in mind. For MCTS algorithm, we introduced a few novel ideas such as complete elimination of the so-called nature moves, separation of decision and simulation states as well as a multi-layered transposition table. These have helped to create a strong Hearthstone agent.

6

The approach to applications integration for world data center interdisciplinary scientific investigations

Nowakowski Grzegorz, Telenyk Sergii, Yefremov Kostiantyn, Khmeliuk Volodymyr

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2019

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Vol. 18

539--545

EN

The approach to applications integration for World Data Center (WDC) interdisciplinary scientific investigations is developed in the article. The integration is based on mathematical logic and artificial intelligence. Key elements of the approach - a multilevel system architecture, formal logical system, implementation - are based on intelligent agents interaction. The formal logical system is proposed. The inference method and mechanism of solution tree recovery are elaborated. The implementation of application integration for interdisciplinary scientific research is based on a stack of modern protocols, enabling communication of business processes over the transport layer of the OSI model. Application integration is also based on coordinated models of business processes, for which an integrated set of business applications are designed and realized.

7

Wykorzystanie nowych technologii komunikacyjnych do struktur zarządzania w przedsiębiorstwach przyszłości

Kiełtyka L.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2016

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z. 99

195--212

PL

W opracowaniu w syntetyczny sposób przedstawione zostały najnowsze technologie komunikacyjne, realizowane na bazie technik informatycznych, które aktualnie wprowadzane są w zakres udoskonalania struktur zarządzania w organizacjach. Dzięki tym technologiom możemy prognozować rozwój przedsiębiorstw przyszłości. Świat technologii rozwija się nieustannie. Struktury zarządzania w organizacjach nie mogą być pozbawione możliwości korzystania z najnowszych rozwiązań technologii komunikacyjnych. Aktualnie jedną z bardziej eksponowanych technologii komunikacji jest chmura obliczeniowa, która umożliwia uzyskanie odpowiedzi na konkretne potrzeby biznesowe. W opracowaniu poddano krótkiej analizie zagadnienia obejmujące technologie IT, technologie komunikacji na bazie agentów programowych, technologie sieci semantycznych oraz rozwój organizacji wirtualnych pod kątem przydatności dla przedsiębiorstw przyszłości.

EN

n the paper the Author in a synthetic way presents latest communication technologies implemented on the basis of IT technologies, which are currently introduced in order to improve management structures in organizations. Thanks to these technologies it is possible to forecast the development of enterprises of the future. The technology world is constantly developing. Management structures in organizations cannot be deprived of the possibility to make use of latest findings of ICT technologies. One of communication technologies more exposed at present is cloud computing, chich makes it possible to obtain answers to particular business needs. The paper includes a short analysis of issues comprising ICT technologies, communication technologies based on software agents, semantic networks technologies and virtual organizations development with reference to their usefulness for enterprises of the future.

8

Potential of Multi-Agent Systems for Operation of Transportation Systems

Madejski J.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2016

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R. 20, nr 1

31--36

EN

The article discusses the possibility of implementation of the currently available solutions with software agents in transport, focusing on applications for planning transport systems, control, monitoring and analysis of the state of the superstructure and potential applications to the planning of the maintenance tasks.

PL

W artykule omówiono możliwość zastosowania dostępnych obecnie rozwiązań z agentami programowymi w transporcie, koncentrując się na zastosowaniach do planowania systemów transportowych, sterowania nimi, monitorowania i analizy stanu nawierzchni kolejowej, a także możliwymi zastosowaniami do planowania prac utrzymaniowych.

9

Communication in global supply chains in automotive industry

Szmelter A.

Information Systems in Management

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2015

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Vol. 4, No. 3

205--218

EN

Development of information and communication technologies is caused by global economic changes, especially internationalization of business activities, shortening product life cycles, oligopolization of industries and concentration of capital. Automotive industry has been a precursor of modern technology and management strategies for many years. Market changes have led to the need to build new logistics systems which main element is the modularity of production. Communication in global supply chains is largely based on software that uses many communication channels. This phenomenon of media convergence enables efficient flow of information between members of the supply chain and building modified value-added chains, especially by using virtual teams and software agents.

10

The concept of the implementation of inventory management by the supplier with the use of agent technology

Wieczerzycki W., Januszewski P.

LogForum

|

2012

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Vol. 8, no. 1

21--28

EN

Background: As it is well know, the implementation of instruments of logistics management is only possible with the use of the latest information technology. So-called agent technology is one of the most promising solutions in this area. Its essence consists in an entirely new way of software distribution on the computer network platform, in which computer exchange among themselves not only data, but also software modules, called just agents. The first aim is to propose the alternative method of the implementation of the concept of the inventory management by the supplier with the use of intelligent software agents, which are able not only to transfer the information but also to make the autonomous decisions based on the privileges given to them. The second aim of this research was to propose a new model of a software agent, which will be both of a high mobility and a high intelligence. Methods: After a brief discussion of the nature of agent technology, the most important benefits of using it to build platforms to support business are given. Then the original model of polymorphic software agent, called Multi-Dimensionally Versioned Software Agent (MDV) is presented, which is oriented on the specificity of IT applications in business. MDV agent is polymorphic, which allows the transmission through the network only the most relevant parts of its code, and only when necessary. Consequently, the network nodes exchange small amounts of software code, which ensures high mobility of software agents, and thus highly efficient operation of IT platforms built on the proposed model. Next, the adaptation of MDV software agents to implementation of well-known logistics management instrument - VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) is illustrated. Results: The key benefits of this approach are identified, among which one can distinguish: reduced costs, higher flexibility and efficiency, new functionality - especially addressed to business negotiation, full automation of work that in practice does not require the involvement of network users, the ability to use new communication channels, etc. Conclusions: The proposed MDV model significantly enriched the advantages of software agents, which was then practically illustrated by the proposal of their use for the VMI implementation.

PL

Wstęp: Jak powszechnie wiadomo, wdrożenie instrumentów zarządzania logistycznego jest możliwe jedynie dzięki zastosowaniu najnowszych technologii informacyjnych. Jednym z najbardziej obiecujących rozwiązań w tym zakresie jest tzw. technologia agentowa. Jej istota polega na zupełnie nowym sposobie rozpraszania oprogramowania na platformie sieci komputerowej, w której komputery wymieniają między sobą nie tylko dane, ale również moduły programowe, zwane właśnie agentami. Pierwszym celem pracy było zaproponowanie alternatywnej metody implementacji koncepcji zarządzania zapasami przez dostawcę, przez wykorzystanie inteligentnych agentów programowych spełniających rolę nie tylko medium przenoszenia informacji, ale także podejmujących autonomiczne decyzje w oparciu o nadane im przywileje. Drugim celem było zaproponowanie nowego modelu agenta programowego, który charakteryzowałby się zarówno mobilnością jak i wysoką inteligencją. Metody: Po krótkim przybliżeniu istoty technologii agentowej przedstawiono najważniejsze korzyści wynikające z jej wykorzystania do budowy platform informatycznych do wspomagania biznesu. Następnie zaproponowano oryginalny model polimorficznego agenta programowego o nazwie MDV (ang. Multi-Dimensionally Versioned software agent), zorientowanego na specyfikę zastosowań IT w biznesie. Agent MDV jest wielopłaszczyznowo wersjonowany, co umożliwia przekazywanie przez sieć komputerową jedynie najbardziej odpowiednich fragmentów jego kodu i tylko wtedy, gdy jest to niezbędne. W konsekwencji, między komputerami transmitowane są niewielkie ilości kodu programowego, co gwarantuje dużą mobilność agentów, a tym samym wysoką efektywność funkcjonowania platform informatycznych zbudowanych w oparciu o proponowany model. Dalej przedstawiono propozycję adaptacji agentów programowych, funkcjonujących zgodnie za modelem MDV, do implementacji znanego instrumentu zarządzania logistycznego - VMI (zarządzanie zapasami przez dostawcę, ang. Vendor Managed Inventory). Wyniki: Najważniejsze korzyści takiego podejścia to: obniżone koszty, większa uniwersalność i efektywność działania, nowe możliwości funkcjonalne, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do prowadzenia negocjacji biznesowych, pełna automatyzacja pracy, niewymagająca w praktyce zaangażowania użytkowników sieci, możliwość wykorzystania nowych kanałów komunikacyjnych. Wnioski: Zaproponowano alternatywną implementację zarządzania zapasami przez dostawcę. Przedstawione zalety zastosowania agentów programowych są istotnie wzbogacone w przypadku proponowanego modelu MDV, co zilustrowano praktycznie proponując zastosowanie takich agentów do wdrożenia instrumentu VMI.

11

Software Agent Systems for Improving Performance of Multi-Robot Groups

Turek W., Cetnarowicz K., Zaborowski W.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2011

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Vol. 112, nr 1

103-117

EN

Agent paradigm is becoming more and more popular in design of complex multi-robot systems. Similarities between features attributed to robots and agents lead to defining an agent as a single robot control program or even calling a robot an "embodied agents". This approach can cause serious issues concerning scalability, extensibility and performance of large-scale multirobot systems. In this paper a different approach to design and implementation of software systems managing mobile robots is presented. It is based on the logical separation of a hardware robot and a software agent. The paper focuses on improvements in system performance achieved by using the approach. Three exemplary applications are described and experimental results are provided.

12

Agent based VoIP Application with Reputation Mechanisms

Oryńczak G., Kotulski Z.

Advances in Electronics and Telecommunications

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2011

|

Vol. 2, no. 3

88--92

EN

In this paper we introduce our new VoIP model the aim of which is to meet the challenges of modern telephony. We present project concepts, details of implementation and our testing environment which was designed for testing many aspects of VoIP based systems. Our system combines mechanisms for ensuring best possible connection quality (QoS), load balance of servers in infrastructure, providing security mechanisms and giving control over the packet routing decisions. The system is based on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model and data between users are routed over an overlay network, consisting of all participating peers as network nodes. In the logging process, each user is assigned to a specific node (based on his/her geographic location and nodes load). Every node also has a built-in mechanism allowing to mediate between the user and the main server (e.g. in logging process). Besides that, because nodes are participating in data transmission, we have control over the data flow route. It is possible to specify the desired route, so, regardless of the external routing protocol, we can avoid paths that are susceptible to eavesdropping. Another feature of presented system is usage of agents. Each agent acts with a single node. Its main task is to constantly control the quality of transmission. It analyzes such parameters like link bandwidth use, number of lost packets, time interval between each packets etc. The information collected by the agents from all nodes allows to built a dynamic routing table. Every node uses Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the best at the moment route to all other nodes. The routes are constantly modified as a consequence of changes found by agents or updates sent by other nodes. To ensure greater security and high reliability of the system, we have provided a reputation mechanism. It is used during updating of the information about possible routes and their quality, given by other nodes. Owing to this solution nodes and routes which are more reliable get higher priority.

13

A proposal for knowledge sharing in the E-Decisional Community using Decisional DNA

Mancilla-Amaya L., Sanin C., Szczerbicki E.

Systems Science

|

2010

|

Vol. 36, no 1

13-19

EN

The E-Decisional Community is a proposal that aims at enabling knowledge sharing between individuals and organizations, using the Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA as knowledge representations; it is based upon principles from Software Agents, Grid and Cloud computing. In this paper, we present an analysis of different agent communication and knowledge representation languages, with the purpose of defining a set of basic mechanisms to be used in the E-Decisional Community for knowledge exchange between its members.

14

Zastosowanie technologii agentowej w e-logistyce

Lenart A.

Logistyka

|

2009

|

nr 6

CD-CD

PL

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja przykładów zastosowania agentów programowych w obszarze e-logistyki. W artykule opisano giełdę jako model elektronicznej logistyki oraz dokonano charakterystyki technologii agentowej.

EN

The aim of the paper is to present the examples of using software agents in the area of e-logistics. The paper contains the description of marketplace as a model of electronic logistics and the characteristics of agent technology.

15

Personalized database views and triggers

Rykowski J.

Theoretical and Applied Informatics

|

2007

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Vol. 19, No. 1

3-18

EN

In this paper an architecture is presented of a universal agent-based approach to the personal-ization of database access. Within the approach it is possible to adjust the personalization process to both individual user requirements, and some limitations provoked by hardware, software, and communication method used at the moment. The implementation is based on Agent Computing Environment ACE sys-tem and extensions of JDBC database drivers/libraries. Potential application areas are the following: ad-vanced and individual controlling of database access, personal database monitoring, asynchronous notifi-cation for changes, mobile and handicapped access to databases, etc.

PL

W artykule zaproponowano zastosowanie technologii agentów programowych do personalizacji dostepu do bazy danych, w szczególnosci do umoliwienia personalizacji widoków bazy danych oraz wyzwalaczy. Opisano zarówno architekture systemu, jak i jego implementacje w srodowisku relacyjnej bazy danych, z wykorzystaniem jezyka programowania Java oraz biblioteki JDBC. Podejscie umoliwia dopasowanie sposobu dostepu do bazy danych zarówno do indywidualnych wymagan uytkownika, jak i ograniczen w dostepie nakładanych przez wykorzystywany sprzet, oprogramowanie oraz łacze komunikacyjne. Podejscie charakteryzuje sie szeregiem zalet w stosunku do obecnie stosowanych metod personalizacji dostepu, w szczególnosci: (1) staje sie moliwa personalizacja systemów zamknietych, w których nie przewidziano moliwosci zmian metod dostepowych dla poszczególnych uytkowników, (2) uytkownicy moga wykorzystywac niestandardowe kanały komunikacyjne, takie jak wiadomosci SMS/MMS, bramki głosowe, dostep WAP itp., (3) agenty programowe moga sledzic kluczowe dla uytkowników zmiany da-nych oraz powiadamiac swoich włascicieli o zajsciu takich zmian, w wybranej przez uytkownika formie, miejscu i czasie, (4) podejscie jest skalowalne i umoliwia personalizacje systemu masowego, z potencjal-nym rozproszeniem funkcjonalnosci w sieci komputerowej oraz urzadzeniach koncowych uytkowników. Przewidywane obszary zastosowan obejmuja indywidualny monitoring danych rozproszonych, indywidu-alne łaczenie i wspólne przetwarzanie informacji pochodzacych z rónych zródeł, udostepnianie informa-cji uytkownikom za posrednictwem kanałów mobilnych i standardowych łaczy telekomunikacyjnych, itp.

16

Dystrybucja obiektów dydaktycznych bazująca na technologii agentowej

Kononowicz A., Żabińska M.

Automatyka / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

|

2005

|

T. 9, z. 1-2

115-126

PL

Możliwość wielokrotnego wykorzystywania materiałów dydaktycznych pozwala na szybki rozwój systemów e-learning. Technologia agentowa w e-learning może być wykorzystana jako warstwa pośrednicząca w komunikacji między kształcącymi się a magazynami obiektów dydaktycznych, dostępnych w sieci Internet. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono koncepcję platformy agentowej służącej do publikacji i wyszukiwania materiałów dydaktycznych, analizę zadań stawianych agentom programowym działającym w ramach platformy oraz opisano zrealizowany prototyp systemu wieloagentowego przeznaczonego dla uczących się.

EN

Possibility of multiple use of the learning material adjusted to the new media, enables quick development of E-Learning systems. For this purpose the contents of a teaching/learning subject is divided into smaller, consistent parts, named "learning objects". They can be, similarly as objects in programming, appropriately chosen and merged into bigger units. Such composition of the learning/ teaching material creates new possibilities of individual adjustment of education process to learners' needs. Agent's technology in E-Learning may be applied as an intermediate layer between learners as well as stores of learning objects, available in the Internet or local academic networks. Software agents, owing to own observations of their principals' behaviour, and also storing preferences of the latter ones, can make the process of learning/teaching materials search much more efficient. A concept of agents' platform for publishing and search of learning/teaching materials, analysis of tasks of software agents acting within the platform, and a prototype performing selected functions of such a platform have been presented in the paper.

17

Entish : A Language for Describing Data Processing in Open Distributed Systems

Ambroszkiewicz S.

Fundamenta Informaticae

|

2004

|

Vol. 60, nr 1-4

41--66

EN

There are two general approaches to integration of heterogeneous applications. The first one corresponds to business-to-business point of view, whereas the second one to the client's point of view. The first one is based on the assumption that applications are composed, orchestrated, or choreographed in order to create sophisticated business processes, whereas the second one assumes that applications are composed (typically on the fly) in order to realize clients' requests. In this work the client's point of view is taken and a new experimental technology for service description and composition in open and distributed environment is proposed. The technology consists of description language called Entish, and composition protocol called entish 1.0.

18

Entish : elingua for Service Description and Composition

Ambroszkiewicz S.

Prace Instytutu Podstaw Informatyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk

|

2002

|

Nr 951

1-48

EN

A new technology for service description and composition in open and distributed environment is proposed. The technology consists of description language (called Entish) and composition protocol called entish 1.0. They are based on software agent paradigm. The description language is the contents language of the messages that are exchanged (between agents and services) according to the composition protocol. The syntax of the language as well as the message format are expressed in XML. The language and the protocol are merely specifications. To prove that the technology does work, the prototype implementation is provided. It is still under testing. However, it is available for use and evaluation via web interfaces starting with the website www.ipipan.waw.pl/mas/. The specifications were created on the basis of the requirements produced by the Service Description and Composition Working Group (www.ipipan.waw.pl/mas/sdc-wg ) of Agentcities.NET project. Related work was done by WSDL + BPEL4WS + (WS-Coordination) + (WS-Transactions), and DAML-S. Our technology is based on different principles. The language Entish is fully declarative contrary to BPEL4WS and DAML-S. A task (expressed in Entish) describes the desired static situation to be realized by the composition protocol.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono podejście do realizacji idei Web Services. W szczególności, do specyfikacji języka opisu oraz protokołu kompozycji usług. Oraz do ich realizacji poprzez tzw. miidleware, czyli system, w którym można podłączać usługi realizujące dowolne funkcje z jednej strony, a z drugiej strony można z nich korzystać poprzez specyfikację zadań. Do zadań nie są przypisywane usługi, które mogą je realizować : być może ich jeszcze nie ma lub były, ale aktualnie nie są dostępne, lub tez jest wiele usłu realizujących tę samą funkcję. Z punktu widzenia klienta, jak również z punktu widzenia dostarczyciela usług, system jest przezroczysty. Ważne jest, że ten middleware został zrealizowany i jest dostępny na www do sprawdzenia. W naszym rozumieniu jest to dowód na to, że język opisu Entish oraz protokół kompozycji entish 1.0 mogą być uważane za propozycję technologii realizującej ideę Web Services.

19

Data warehouses, mobile agents, and security

Stokłosa J.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

|

1999

|

Vol. 4, No. 1-2

81-90

EN

A problem in the use of cryptographic mobile agents in the multilevel data warehouse environment is discussed. First, a systematic approach to cryptographic systems is presented. A cryptographic system is a collection of cryptographic primitives and protocols which help to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data as well as secure key exchange for these primitives. Cryptography is a good tool for protecting sensitive data stored in data warehouses and transmitted through the corporate network. Mobile agents are intelligent programs that can migrate on a computer network. The authority of each agent can be established by way of cryptographic techniques.