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Opracowanie oprogramowania do obsługi systemu pomiarowego zgodnego ze standardem IEEE 1451 w środowisku LabVIEW

Nizioł Magdalena

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

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R. 98, nr 11

181--184

PL

W artykule omówiono problematykę czujników i systemów inteligentnych zgodnych ze standardem IEEE 1451. Przedstawiono opis algorytmów służących do tworzenia i obsługi elektronicznych kart katalogowych przetworników oraz do obsługi zadań pomiarowych, które je wykorzystują. Algorytmy te wykorzystano do stworzenia w środowisku LabVIEW oprogramowania do obsługi systemów pomiarowych bazujących na czujnikach inteligentnych.

EN

In this paper the issues of intelligent sensors and systems compliant with the IEEE 1451 standard was discussed. A description of the algorithms for creating and operating transducer electronic data sheets and for operating measurement tasks that use them was presented. These algorithms were used to create in the LabVIEW environment software to operate measurement systems based on intelligent sensors.

2

Prioritization approach for circuit breakers to equip with condition monitoring devices

Karimabadi Ali, Hajiabadi Mohammad Ebrahim, Kamyab Ebadollah

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 69, nr 2

403--422

EN

Circuit Breakers (CBs) play an important role in ensuring the safe operation of protection systems. Condition Monitoring (CM) devices are widely implemented to extend lifetime, and to improve the maintenance quality. The present paper proposes a cost-based prioritization approach for CBs in a network equipped with CM devices. To this end, a mathematical formulation is developed for the categorization and modeling of equipment failures based on their severity. This formulation quantifies the effect of the CM devices on the outage rate of the equipment. The reliability parameters of the substations 400/132/20 KV, including the failure rate, λ, average repair time, r, average outage time, U, substations, in two status of without CM and with CM of the CBs are calculated. These parameters are calculated implementing a minimal cut-set method. The outage rate of equipment with and without the CM devices is used to determine the effect of the CM devices on the reliability of the network. Finally, the prioritization of substations to install the CM devices on the CBs has been investigated in terms of the Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) and costs of CM. To verify the effectiveness and applicability of the method, the proposed approach is applied to the CBs in the power transmission network in the Khorasan Regional Electricity Company (KREC) in Iran.

3

A compact smart sensor based on a neural classifier for objects modeled by Beaunier's model

Czaja Z., Kowalewski M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2017

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R. 93, nr 10

60--63

EN

A new solution of a smart microcontroller sensor based on a simple direct sensor-microcontroller interface for technical objects modeled by two-terminal networks and by the Beaunier’s model of anticorrosion coating is proposed. The tested object is stimulated by a square pulse and its time voltage response is sampled four times by the internal ADC of microcontroller. A neural classifier based on measurement data classifies the tested object to a given degradation stage.

PL

Przedstawiono nowe rozwiązanie inteligentnego czujnika opartego na bezpośrednim interfejsie mikrokontroler-czujnik dla obiektów technicznych modelowanych dwójnikami i modelem Beauniera dla powłok antykorozyjnych. Testowany obiekt jest pobudzany impulsem prostokątnym, a jego odpowiedź próbkowana cztery razy przez wewnętrzny przetwornik A/C mikrokontrolera. Klasyfikator neuronowy bazując na wynikach pomiarowych dokonuje klasyfikacji testowanego obiektu do danego etapu degradacji.

4

System pomiarowy typu Master-Slave z bezprzewodowymi układami akwizycji danych typu Smart Sensor o wejściu napięciowym

Szweda D., Kciuk M.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2014

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R. 60, nr 11

1029--1032

PL

Artykuł przedstawia bezprzewodowy system pomiarowy, złożony z kart akwizycji danych o wejściu napięciowym, opracowany na potrzeby pracy magisterskiej. Zadaniem systemu jest akwizycja, archiwizacja, monitorowanie oraz przesyłanie danych pomiarowych z urządzenia Slave do Master. Urządzenia akwizycyjne zostały wykonane jako urządzenia typu SMART SENSOR. Opracowany system pomiarowy został zastosowany do akwizycji danych w systemie odzyskiwania energii z otwieranych i zamykanych drzwi.

EN

This paper presents wireless measurement system, consist of a data acquisition cards with voltage inputs, developed as the MSc thesis. The purpose of the system is acquisition, archiving, monitoring and transfer measurement data from the slave device to the master device (Fig. 1). Acquisition cards has been made as a SMART SENSOR device (Fig. 2). Data acquisition card is a slave module in the measurement system. It allows to acquire the measurement data with maximum 8 inputs with adjustable delay time between the measurements. The data can be saved to a SD card, and sent by radio in the ISM band (Fig. 3). DAQ card configuration is done by a terminal application located on PC (Fig. 4). The network gateway consists of a manager, a user interface module (Fig. 5), the power module and converter UART / USB. Developed measurement system has been used as the data acquisition system in recover energy from opening and closing door circuit. The short measurement series were done for acquiring voltage (Fig. 6) and current (Fig. 7) when movement of the door was forced. Long acquisition series were done as well (Fig. 8). The long series took four days during typical office use. The measurement system can be used for monitoring various types of physical quantities by means of appropriate sensors and output voltage. Applied Gateway may be part of the monitoring and control of data acquisition DAQ cards used in the measurements.

5

Design and implementation of plug-and-play analog resistance temperature sensor

Jevtic N., Drndarevic V.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2013

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Vol. 20, nr 4

565--580

EN

In this paper the design and implementation of a plug-and-play analog resistance temperature sensor is presented. The smart temperature sensor consists of an analog sensor element with transducer electronic data sheet (TEDS) memory device and a network- capable application processor (NCAP) connected through a mixed-mode interface (MMI). The mixed-mode interface and NCAP front-end electronic support have been implemented by the use of a standard 8-bit microcontroller. NCAP’s application processing and network communication functions are implemented based on the concept of virtual instrumentation using a PC. The implemented NCAP can also be used as a plug-and-play stand-alone data acquisition system or as development system for plug-and-play sensors compliant with the IEEE 1451.4 standard. Details of sensor implementation and test results are included in the paper.

6

Performance of smart sensors standards for aerospace applications

Popelka J., Pačes P.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 1a

229-232

EN

This paper deals with data exchange according to a group of standards IEEE 1451, which runs between a smart sensor module TIM and a supervising system NCAP. The first part of the paper presents the most important idea of IEEE 1451 group of standards: Transducer Electronics Data Sheet, which is a smart sensor description structure in module memory. It also describes the method of exchanging data between the modules and method of storing data in module’s memory. Next part describes a multi-platform library, which was created, tested and then described in this paper. The library defines data structures and implements functions for storing data and their exchanging between TIM and NCAP modules. The paper also presents a scenario where all the aircraft systems are equipped with the smart sensor interface in order to simplify maintenance and replace-ability of all units. Finally, all the smart sensor functionality is applied on an aerometric module connected to a PC through CAN bus.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zasady wymiany informacji zgodnie ze standardem IEEE 1451 miedzy czujnikiem inteligentnym a układem nadzoru NCAP. Przedstawiono bibliotekę definiująca strukturę danych. Zaprezentowano scenariusz przesyłania informacji między czujnikami inteligentnymi stanowiącymi wyposażenie samolotu oraz przesyłania informacji do PC za pośrednictwem interfejsu CAN.

7

Characteristics of an image sensor with early-vision processing fabricated in standard 0.35 žm CMOS technology

Jendernalik W., Jakusz J., Blakiewicz G., Szczepański S., Piotrowski R.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 2

191-202

EN

The article presents measurement results of prototype integrated circuits for acquisition and processing of images in real time. In order to verify a new concept of circuit solutions of analogue image processors, experimental integrated circuits were fabricated. The integrated circuits, designed in a standard 0.35 žm CMOS technology, contain the image sensor and analogue processors that perform low-level convolution-based image processing algorithms. The prototype with a resolution of 32 x 32 pixels allows the acquisition and processing of images at high speed, up to 2000 frames/s. Operation of the prototypes was verified in practice using the developed software and a measurement system based on a FPGA platform.

8

CMOS realisation of analogue processor for early vision processing

Jendernalik W., Jakusz J., Blakiewicz G., Piotrowski R., Szczepański S.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

141-147

EN

The architecture concept of a high-speed low-power analogue vision chip, which performs low-level real-time image algorithms is presented. The proof-of-concept prototype vision chip containing 32 �~ 32 photosensor array and 32 analogue processors is fabricated using a 0.35 mikrom CMOS technology. The prototype can be configured to register and process images with very high speed, reaching 2000 frames per second, or achieve very low power consumption, several mikroW. Finally, the experimental results are presented and discussed.

9

Application of an artificial neural network in the processing of output signals from a gas sensor with sol-gel-derived TiO2 film

Łukowiak A., Kozłowska K., Urbański K., Szczurek A., Dudek K., Maruszewski K.

Materials Science Poland

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2007

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Vol. 25, No. 3

861--868

EN

TiO2 thin film obtained by the sol-gel technique was used as the active layer in an electric sensor to distinguish the vapours of four volatile organic compounds: hexane, hexanol, cyclohexane and benzene. The measurements were performed at various temperatures of the sensing layer. Some of the output signals obtained from the sensor were characterized by low reproducibility, even within the data series obtained for the same gas. With the current design of the gas sensor, it was sometimes impossible to obtain a reproducible and stable output signal. Therefore, a neural network was used to pre-process the data. A bipolar transfer function of neurons was used as it had the shortest learning time of the network and produced the most stable results. The best results were obtained for a 4-4-4 topology of the neural network, where the input data were the values of the current at 440 and 360 °C when the sensor was exposed to a flow of air with or without organic vapours, with a 4-neuron hidden layer, and BE, CH, HL, HX outputs, each one associated with specific substance (benzene, cyclohexane, hexanol and hexane). The neural network was configured as a classifier recognizing four specific gases.

10

Inteligentny czujnik w strukturze sieci rozległej

Pietraszek T.

Studia Informatica

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2002

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Vol. 23, nr 3

239-253

PL

W artykule przedstawiono projekt systemu inteligentnych czujników, z możliwością podłączenia do sieci Internet. Projekt obejmuje oprogramowanie inteligentnego czujnika mikroprocesorowego, konstrukcję centralki opartej na komputerze TINI, umożliwiającej podłączenie systemu do sieci Ethernet z wykorzystaniem protokołu TCP/IP oraz oprogramowania dla komputera PC. Komputer PC podłączony przez sieć Ethernet umożliwia gromadzenie i wizualizację wyników, a także diagnostykę i konfigurację sensorów.

EN

The paper presents the project of monitoring system based on smart sensors with Internet connection capability. The project covers the following areas; the design and implementation of microprocessor sensors, design of control station based on TINI computer, which allows connecting to Ethernet networks with TCP/IP protocol and software for personal computer. The software, mining on personal computer, collects data from TINI stations, processes and stores them in the database. The other program is used for remote sensor monitoring and reconfiguration.

11

Smart sensor for operational load measurements

Uhl T., Petko M.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2002

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Vol. 40 nr 3

797-815

EN

The important technique enabling machine health monitoring and fault localisation is operational load measurement; however direct measurement is usually difficult or even impossible. The paper deals with the realisation of the idea of developing "smart sensor" which estimates the load based on structure response. In the case study, hardware neural network has been used to obtain the load course from the vibrations in specific points of the structure. The paper covers also problems with prototyping and implementation stages during development of signal processing algorithms with emphasis placed on ASIC/FPGA based hardware platform, for which a methodology of implementation is formulated and validated by practical application to the smart sensor problem. Details of the procedure are presented along with the tools used and results obtained during its realization. Performance of the device during experiment is analysed and, finally, conclusion are shown.

PL

Ważną techniką wykorzystywaną w monitorowaniu stanu technicznego maszyn i lokalizacji uszkodzeń jest pomiar obciążeń w czasie ich pracy. Jednak bezpośredni pomiar jest zwykle trudny albo nawet niemożliwy. Artykuł dotyczy realizacji ideii opracowania "inteligentnego sensora" estymującego obciążenie na podstawie odpowiedzi struktury mechanicznej. W opisanym przykładzie, realizowana sprzętowo sieć neuronowa została zastosowana do otrzymania przebiegu obciążenia na podstawie drgań określonych punktów struktury. Artykuł omawia także problemy związane z prototypowaniem i implementacja algorytmów przetwarzania sygnałów, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sytuacji, gdy część sprzętowa oparta jest na układach ASIC/FPGA, dla której opracowano metodologię implementacji, zweryfikowaną poprzez praktyczne zastosowanie do problemu inteligentnego sensora. Pokazano szczegóły tej procedury wraz z zastosowanymi narzędziami i wyniki osiągnięte w trakcie jej realizacji. Przeanalizowano wyniki działania urządzenia podczas eksperymentu i przedstawiono wnioski.