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1
Zagrożenia cyfrowe wynikające z przyłączania rozproszonych zasobów energii. Artykuł dyskusyjny
Billewicz Krzysztof
Energetyka
|
2021
|
nr 11
751--754
PL
W artykule opisano zagrożenia, do których mogą przyczyniać się inwestycje w urządzenia energetyczne dokonywane przez odbiorców końcowych. Największymi zagrożeniami pracy sieci będzie wykorzystywanie urządzeń o znaczących mocach znamionowych w stosunku do mocy umownej danego odbiorcy, jednocześnie pobierających lub odprowadzających energię do sieci. W przypadku masowej liczby sterowanych rozproszonych urządzeń energetycznych, które będą podłączone do sieci, powstanie nowa podatność systemu elektroenergetycznego na ingerencje cyberprzestępców, polegające m.in. na wykorzystywaniu luk w inwerterach, które byłyby wykorzystywane zarówno przy ogniwach słonecznych jak i przy bateriach akumulatorów, ponieważ zwykle takie urządzenia są prądu stałego. Byłoby więc możliwe znaczne zwiększanie generacji energii (i odprowadzania z baterii akumulatorów) w bardzo krótkim czasie lub nagłe przerywanie takich dostaw na bardzo dużą skalę. Wydaje się, że inteligentna sieć elektroenergetyczna oprócz bardzo wielu zalet będzie miała jedną podstawową wadę – znaczną podatność na atak cyfrowy.
EN
Described are hazards to which may contribute investments into energy appliances made by end-users. The biggest hazard for the network operation will be the use of appliances - of high rated power in relation to the capacity contracted by the given end-user - that simultaneously draw energy from the grid or feed it into it. In case of massive quantities of controlled distributed energy resources connected to the grid there will arise a new susceptibility of the power system to cybercriminal incursions based on i.e. using vulnerabilities in inverters which accompany solar panels and batteries as they are the DC current appliances. So, it would be possible to significantly increase energy generation (and draw it from batteries) in a very short time or suddenly interrupt energy delivery on a very large scale. It seems that the smart power grid - apart from many undeniable advantages - will have one fundamental defect which is a considerable susceptibility to cyber attacks.
2
Content available Design and application of comprehensive evaluation index system of smart grid based on coordinated planning of major network and power distribution network
Ning Guangtao, Fang Bing, Qin Dan, Liang Yafeng, Zheng Lijuan
Archives of Electrical Engineering
|
2021
|
Vol. 70, nr 1
103--113
EN
The comprehensive evaluation of the smart grid is of great significance to the development of the power grid. This study mainly analyzed the coordinated planning of major networks and power distribution networks of the grid. Firstly, the coordinated planningof major networks and power distribution networks was introduced, then a comprehen-sive evaluation index system was established based on six domains, i.e., economy, safety, reliability, coordination, environmental protection, and automation. The evaluation of the indexes was realized through the expert scoring method. Finally, taking the power grid planning of Boao Town, Qionghai City, Hainan Province, China, as an example, the current scheme and planning scheme were evaluated. The results showed that the planning schemehad better performance in aspects such as economy and reliability, and its score was 15.39% higher than the current scheme, which verifies the effectiveness of the planning scheme andits feasible application in practical projects.
3
Content available remote Semi-automated Algorithm for Complex Test Data Generation for Interface-based Regression Testing of Software Components
Potuzak Tomas, Lipka Richard
Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems
|
2021
|
Vol. 25
501--510
EN
This paper describes in detail the Complex Object Generation (COG) algorithm, which is a semi-automated algorithm for the generation of instances of classes (i.e., objects) with a complex inner structure for Java and similar languages designed for black-box testing (i.e., without available source code). The algorithm was developed and tested as a stand-alone algorithm and can be used as such (e.g., during unit testing). However, we plan to use it to generate the parameter values of generated method invocations, which is a vital part of our interface-based regression testing of software components.
4
Content available remote Towards fully decentralized multi-objective energy scheduling
Bremer Jörg, Lehnhoff Sebastian
Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems
|
2019
|
Vol. 18
193--201
EN
Future demand for managing a huge number of individually operating small and often volatile energy resources within the smart grid is preponderantly answered by involving decentralized orchestration methods for planning and scheduling. Many planning and scheduling problems are of a multi-objective nature. For the single-objective case - e.g. predictive scheduling with the goal of jointly resembling a wanted target schedule - fully decentralized algorithms with self-organizing agents exist. We extend this paradigm towards fully decentralized agent-based multi-objective scheduling for energy resources e.g. in virtual power plants for which special local constraint-handling techniques are needed. We integrate algorithmic elements from the well-known S-metric selection evolutionary multi-objective algorithm into a gossiping-based combinatorial optimization heuristic that works with agents for the single-objective case and derive a number of challenges that have to be solved for fully decentralized multi-objective optimization. We present a first solution approach based on the combinatorial optimization heuristics for agents and demonstrate viability and applicability in several simulation scenarios.
5
Content available remote Big data platform for smart grids power consumption anomaly detection
Lipcàk Peter, Macak Martin, Rossi Bruno
Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems
|
2019
|
Vol. 18
771--780
EN
Big data processing in the Smart Grid context has many large-scale applications that require real-time data analysis (e.g., intrusion and data injection attacks detection, electric device health monitoring). In this paper, we present a big data platform for anomaly detection of power consumption data. The platform is based on an ingestion layer with data densification options, Apache Flink as part of the speed layer and HDFS/KairosDB as data storage layers. We showcase the application of the platform to a scenario of power consumption anomaly detection, benchmarking different alternative frameworks used at the speed layer level (Flink, Storm, Spark).
6
Content available remote Security policy and good practice for implementation of smart grid solutions
Czechowski R.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
|
2016
|
R. 92, nr 3
177--181
PL
Smart Grid jest koncepcją i zarazem sposobem na złagodzenie braków infrastrukturalnych oraz przeciwdziałania skutkom rosnącego popytu na energię elektryczną. Jednym ze sposobów zapewniających wzrost efektywności zarządzania elektroenergetycznego jest wykorzystanie najnowszych rozwiązań komunikacyjnych. Rozwiązania takie zapewniają mniejsze zużycie energii, wyrównanie krzywej dobowego obciążenia, zmniejszenie strat dzięki automatycznego bilansowania energii i większe bezpieczeństwo transferu.
EN
Smart Grid is both a concept and a way to mitigate infrastructural deficiencies and counteract the effects of the growing demand for electrical energy. One of the ways ensuring an increase in power grid’s management efficiency is utilization of the latest communication solutions. Such solutions ensure reduced energy consumption and leveling cur ve of daily load, decreased losses and – thanks to automated energy balancing – increased transfer security.
7
Content available Cybersecurity Risk Analysis and Threat Assessment Within Smart Electrical Power Distribution Grids
Czechowski R.
Present Problems of Power System Control
|
2016
|
Nr 7
19--28
EN
Development Of Electrical Power Systems And Their Integration With An Increasing Number Of Smart Automation Devices Compel To Undertake A New Approach To The Issue Of The System’s Security. Reliability Of An Electrical Power System And High Service Availability Are The Essential Characteristics Of Efficient Strategic Electricity Customers, I.E.: Large Industrial Facilities, Railway Transport, Medical Service Providers And Life-Saving Institutions. The Time Of Manual Or Automatic System Recovery After A Failure, Which Increases Its Security, Is Not Without Significance, Either. The Article Discusses The Issues Of Risk Assessment And Management, Including The Overall Process Of Analysis And Assessment Of Threat Probability In Electrical Power Systems.
8
Zwiększenie odporności magistrali szeregowej urządzeń elektronicznych o konstrukcji modułowej na zaburzenia EMC spotykane w środowisku przemysłowym
Michalski P., Chudorliński J.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
|
2016
|
Vol. 57, nr 6
73--77
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodę uodparniania magistrali szeregowej urządzeń elektronicznych o konstrukcji modułowej na przemysłowe zaburzenia elektromagnetyczne na przykładzie nowego rozwiązania modułowego sterownika polowego przeznaczonego do współpracy z inteligentnymi sieciami elektroenergetycznymi Smart Grids. Przedstawiono proces badań odporności sterownika modułowego w szczególności na zakłócenia typu BURST i CWS powszechnie występujące w środowisku przemysłowym.
EN
The article presents the latest solution of intelligent modular bay controller designed for use with Smart Power Grids. Case of achieving high level of immunity from industrial level EMC disturbances e.g. BURST and CWS for modular intelligent bay controller is described.
9
Content available ITC system security in the context of contemporary challenges for electric power industry
Czechowski R., Rosołowski E.
Present Problems of Power System Control
|
2015
|
Nr 6
21--31
EN
In recent years, electric power systems, in order to improve their efficiency, are increasingly using the latest innovations in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT) starting from wireless communication and fiber optics systems. Both used for industrial automation purposes and complex data analysis. Those systems, year by year, have made use of more and more sophisticated communication algorithms leading to automatic management of energy distribution process as well as undertaking the system resuscitation tasks as a result of failure. The use of ICT communication equipment in electric power systems is certainly a big advantage, but it also entails some safety issues. The traditional understanding of smart grid cyber security involves the general requirements (placed on existing systems) as well as specific solutions for detection and intrusion prevention (for individual parts of the system infrastructure). Implementation of security policy in management process of the power system, with means of modern technical of digital information transmission, will increase efficiency and reliability of those systems.
10
Inteligentne cyfrowe liczniki energii elektrycznej jako element systemu Smart Power Grids. Cz. 2
Piotrowski P., Kapler P.
Elektro Info
|
2015
|
nr 9
86--90
PL
Dwuczęściowy artykuł dotyczy wybranych aspektów inteligentnych liczników w systemie Smart Power Grids. Skupiono się w nim na charakterystyce inteligentnych liczników, korzyściach i kosztach wprowadzania systemów inteligentnego opomiarowania. Przedstawiono aktualny stan wdrożeń systemów inteligentnego opomiarowania w Unii Europejskiej, w tym w Polsce. Omówiono wybrane problemy bezpieczeństwa w systemach Smart Power Grids. Sformułowano ponadto końcowe uwagi i wnioski.
EN
The two parts paper concerns the chosen aspects of smart meters in Smart Power Grids systems. It focuses on features of smart meters as well as the benefits and the costs of the smart metering systems implementation. The present situation of smart metering systems implementation in the European Union including Poland has been showed. Chosen aspects of safety problems have been discussed. The final conclusions and remarks have been formulated.
11
Inteligentne cyfrowe liczniki energii elektrycznej jako element systemu Smart Power Grids. Cz. 1
Piotrowski P.
Elektro Info
|
2015
|
nr 6
72--75
PL
Dwuczęściowy artykuł dotyczy wybranych aspektów inteligentnych liczników w systemie Smart Power Grids. Skupiono się w nim na charakterystyce Inteligentnych liczników, korzyściach i kosztach wprowadzania systemów inteligentnego opomiarowania. Przedstawiono aktualny stan wdrożeń systemów inteligentnego opomiarowania w Unii Europejskiej, w tym w Polsce. Omówiono wy-brane problemy bezpieczeństwa w systemach Smart Power Grids. Sformułowano ponadto końcowe uwagi i wnioski.
EN
The two parts paper concerns the chosen aspects of smart meters in Smart Power Grids systems. It focuses on features of smart meters as well as the benefits and the costs of the smart metering systems implementation. The present situation of smart metering systems implementation in the European Union including Poland has been showed. Chosen aspects of safety problems have been discussed. The final conclusions and remarks have been formulated.
12
Content available Security policy for low-voltage smart grids
Czechowski R.
Present Problems of Power System Control
|
2014
|
Nr 5
55—72
EN
Smart Grid is both a concept and a way to mitigate infrastructural deficiencies and counteract the effects of the growing demand for electrical energy. One of the ways ensuring an increase in power grid’s management efficiency is utilization of the latest communication solutions by use of IT technologies. Such solutions ensure reduced energy consumption and evened 24-hour loads, decreased losses and – thanks to automated energy balancing – increased transfer security. Such solutions will directly translate into increased efficiency of the entire power grid. The present article contains an introduction to smart power grids, perspectives for their development in Poland, as well as an extended discussion of related issues concerning security on the organizational level.
13
Graficzna konfiguracja algorytmów automatyk i zabezpieczeń w sterownikach polowych
Wlazło P.
Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne
|
2013
|
R. 81, nr 3
44-48
PL
Przedstawiono problemy związane z projektowaniem logiki działania stacji elektroenergetycznej i sterowników zabezpieczeniowych oraz jej implementację na obiekcie, uwzględniając specyficzne wymagania i przyzwyczajenia klienta.
EN
The paper presents problems connected with design of electric power station and protection controllers operational rules and their implementation on the object, bearing in mind customer specific requirements and habits.
14
Content available Dlaczego sieci elektroenergetyczne powinny być inteligentne
Wiszniewski A.
Present Problems of Power System Control
|
2011
|
Nr 1
125-129
PL
Wzrost zainteresowania sieciami inteligentnymi, a w szczególności ich spodziewanym potencjałem operacyjnym wymaga podania rzeczowych argumentów za rozwojem tej idei. W artykule przedstawiono większość powodów, dla których należy wspierać rozwój sieci typu smart.
EN
Interest in Smart Grid, particularly in its expected operational potential, requires the exposure of matter-of-fact argumentation for development of this approach to power system control. In this paper fundamental reasons justifying support of Smart Grid technology development have been presented.
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