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1
Content available remote Investigation on integrity assessment tests of WRB metal-polymer-metal composites
Mousa Saeed, Sallam Hossam El-Din M., Kim Gap-Yong, Abd-Elhady Amr A.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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2021
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Vol. 21, no. 2
324--334
EN
The warm roll bonding technique was adopted to fabricate Aluminum–polyurethane–Aluminum (Al–PU–Al) composites. Glass whiskers or SiC particles were added to reinforce the inner layer. The main objective of the present study is to examine experimentally the main manufacturing parameters, including interface properties and layer thicknesses, both of which control the strength and integrity of Al–PU–Al composites. For this purpose, three different tests were performed, namely the peel test, the single lap shear test, and the small punch test (SPT). A numerical study was carried out to study the effect of each parameter on the bond, the mechanical behaviors, and fracture behaviors of Al–PU–Al composites using the extended finite element method. The present results indicate that there is a critical diameter of the unbonded circle (D) beyond which the interlayer bonding strength decreases markedly for both the peel and the single lap shear tests. The critical value of D/W equals 0.2 for the peel test and 0.3 for the single lap shear test, where W is the plate width. There is no clear relation between the interlayer bonding strength measured, either from the peel test, or the single lap shear test, and the ultimate load measured from SPT. The mechanical behavior of Al–PU–Al composites measured from SPT is marginally affected by the interfacial bonding strength between the layers. The presence of clearance (0.1 mm) between the SPT specimen and the fixture decreased its ultimate load by about 10% for the bonded specimen, and 30% for the unbonded specimen.
2
Content available remote A multiscale experimental analysis of mechanical properties and deformation behavior of sintered copper-silicon carbide composites enhanced by high-pressure torsion
Nosewicz Szymon, Bazarnik Piotr, Clozel Melanie, Kurpaska Łukasz, Jenczyk Piotr, Jarząbek Dariusz, Chmielewski Marcin, Romelczyk-Baishya Barbara, Lewandowska Malgorzata, Pakieła Zbigniew, Huang Yi, Langdon Terence G.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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2021
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Vol. 21, no. 3
776--794
EN
Experiments were conducted to investigate, within the framework of a multiscale approach, the mechanical enhancement, deformation and damage behavior of copper–silicon carbide composites (Cu–SiC) fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and the combination of SPS with high-pressure torsion (HPT). The mechanical properties of the metal–matrix composites were determined at three different length scales corresponding to the macroscopic, micro- and nanoscale. Small punch testing was employed to evaluate the strength of composites at the macroscopic scale. Detailed analysis of microstructure evolution related to SPS and HPT, sample deformation and failure of fractured specimens was conducted using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A microstructural study revealed changes in the damage behavior for samples processed by HPT and an explanation for this behavior was provided by mechanical testing performed at the micro- and nanoscale. The strength of copper samples and the metal–ceramic interface was determined by microtensile testing and the hardness of each composite component, corresponding to the metal matrix, metal–ceramic interface, and ceramic reinforcement, was measured using nano-indentation. The results confirm the advantageous effect of large plastic deformation on the mechanical properties of Cu–SiC composites and demonstrate the impact on these separate components on the deformation and damage type.
3
Content available The mechanical properties at room and low temperature of P110 steel characterised by means of small punch test
Romelczyk-Baishya B., Lumelskyj D., Stępniewska M., Giżyński M., Pakieła Z.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2019
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Vol. 64, iss. 1
159--165
EN
In this paper small punch test (SPT) which is one of miniaturized samples technique, was employed to characterize the mechanical properties of carbon steel P110. The tests were carried out in the range of -175°C to RT. Results obtained for SPT were compared to those calculated for tensile and Charpy impact test. Based on tensile and SPT parameters numerical model was prepared. 8 mm in diameter and 0.8 mm in height (t) discs with and without notch were employed in this research. The specimens had different depth notch (a) in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 mm. It was estimated that α factor for comparison of Tsp and DBTT for carbon steel P110 is 0.55 and the linear relation is DBTT = 0.55TSPT. The numerical model fit with force – deflection curve of SPT. If the factor of notch depth and samples thickness is higher than 0.3 the fracture mode is transformed from ductile to brittle at -150°C.
4
Content available remote The effect of microstructure anisotropy on low temperature fracture of ultrafine-grained iron
Romelczyk-Baishya B., Łęczycki K., Płocińska M., Kulczyk M., Molak R., Pakieła Z.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
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2018
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Vol. 18, no. 4
1166--1182
EN
This papers deals with the character on low (−180 °C) temperature fracture of iron. Microcrystalline and ultrafine-grained (UFG) iron rods were investigated. To obtain UFG material 20 mm in diameter iron rod was hydrostatically extruded (HE) in two steps: from 20 to 12 mm and from 12 to 8 mm. Because of microstructure anisotropy caused by HE mini-disc and mini-beam samples were cut off from perpendicular and longitudinal cross-section of the rods. Microcrystalline rod fractured in brittle manner at low temperature for both cross-sections, but in UFG iron fracture character depended on grain's shape. For samples were crack propagates parallel to the grain's elongation axis intercrystalline fracture occurred. For mini-beams were crack propagates crosswise to the grain elongation axis transcrystalline fracture occurred and force deflection curve was similar to those obtained for room temperature.
5
Content available remote Identyfikacja stanu tworzywa wirników turbin parowych metodami nieniszczącymi
Bieniek M., Roskosz M., Rusin A., Budzisz R., Skoczylas T.
Przegląd Spawalnictwa
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2017
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R. 89, nr 11
15--18
PL
Przy ocenie stanu technicznego wirników turbin parowych problematyczne jest określenie rzeczywistych własności tworzywa. Analiza mikrostruktury, składu chemicznego, pomiary twardości oraz badania defektoskopowe stanowią współcześnie obowiązujący w diagnostyce tego typu obiektów kanon metod badawczych. Najczęściej nieznane pozostają rzeczywiste makroskopowe własności wytrzymałościowe, ponieważ ich wyznaczenie wymaga przeprowadzenia badań niszczących, które wymagają pobrania z wirnika próbek o znacznych rozmiarach, czego w zasadzie się nie praktykuje. W artykule pokazano możliwości metody badawczej wykorzystującej małe próbki – Small Punch Test (SPT). Metoda SPT jest formalnie metodą niszczącą, jednak ze względu na znikomą ilość materiału pobieranego do badania można ją traktować jako metodę nieniszczącą, a miejsce pobrania próbki z wirnika nie wymaga naprawy. Za pomocą metody SPT możliwe jest wyznaczanie podstawowych własności mechanicznych materiału, określanych normalnie za pomocą statycznej próby rozciągania, takich jak moduł Younga E, granica plastyczności Re czy wytrzymałość na rozciąganie Rm oraz wielkości normalnie wyznaczanych za pomocą badania udarności, tj. temperatury przejścia plastyczno-kruchego czy odporności materiału na pękanie. Istnieje również możliwość określania własności materiału przy pełzaniu.
EN
During durability assessment of steam turbine rotors it is problematic to determine the actual properties of the material. Analysis of microstructure, chemical composition, hardness measurements and defectoscopic examinations are the contemporary methods used in the assessment of such objects. Usually the real macroscopic mechanical properties remains unknown because their determination requires a destructive testing that requires large specimens to be taken from the rotor, which is not practically practiced. The paper presents the possibilities of the small punch test method (SPT) whichbases on small specimens. The SPT method is a formally destructive method of material examination, however, because of the insufficient amount of material necessary to prepare specimens, it can be treated as a nondestructive method of material testing. Moreover the place of sampling does not require repair. Using the SPT method, it is possible to determine the basic mechanical properties of a material normally determined by a tensile test such as the Young's modulus E, yield stress Re or ultimate stress Rm, and properties determined by Charpy impact test in example fracture appearance transition temperature or fracture strength. It is also possible to determine the material properties under creep conditions.
6
Content available Factors affecting the mechanical properties of compact bone and miniature specimen test techniques: a review
Chittibabu V., Rao S. K., Rao G. P.
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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2016
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Vol. 10, nr 32
169--183
EN
This paper presents the review concerning mechanical properties of bone and the miniature specimen test techniques. For developing a realistic understanding of how factors such as moisture content, mineralization, age, species, location, gender, rate of deformation etc. affect the mechanical properties of bone, it is critical to understand the role of these factors. A general survey on existing research work is presented on this aspect. The essential features of miniature specimen test techniques are described, along with the application of small punch test method to evaluate the mechanical behavior of materials. The procedure for the determination of tensile and fracture properties, such as: yield strength, ultimate strength, ductility, fracture toughness etc. using small punch test technique have been described. The empirical equations proposed by various investigators for the prediction of tensile and fracture properties are presented and discussed. In some cases, the predictions of material properties have been essentially made through the finite element simulation. The finite element simulation of miniature specimen test technique is also covered in this review. The use of inverse finite element procedure for the prediction of uniaxial tensile constitutive behaviour of materials is also presented.
7
Określenie własności mechanicznych poszczególnych obszarów strefy wpływu ciepła spoiny przy pomocy próby SPT
González H. R., Garcia C. R., Cárdenas M., Belzunce F. J., Betegón C., Antuña M.
Dozór Techniczny
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2014
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z. 3
65--69
PL
W przepisach badania technologii ISO 16614-1 do określenia rozkładu własności wytrzymałościowych strefy wpływu ciepła spoiny stosuje się badania twardości HV10. Metoda SPT pozwala uzyskać mikro krzywe wytrzymałości w skali podobnej jak mikrotwardość. W poprzednich artykułach porównywano krzywe wytrzymałości próbek poddanych symulowanym cyklom cieplnym spawania z krzywymi mikrowytrzymałości SPT. Wyprowadzono wzory pozwalające przeliczyć mikrokrzywe na krzywe wytrzymałości dużych próbek. Próba SPT (ang. Small Punch Test) do określenia własności jakiegokolwiek materiału używa próbek o wymiarach 10x10x0,5 mm. Można ją zastosować do opisania strefy wpływu ciepła SWC złącz spawanych, które trudno scharakteryzować, ze względu na ich niewielkie rozmiary. To właśnie w SWC są obecne najtwardsze i najbardziej kruche struktury złącza, a zatem to one są odpowiedzialne za większość problemów związanych ze złączami spawanymi. SPT pozwala określić własności takie jak umowna granica plastyczności, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie, wydłużenie, energia pękania i odporność na pękanie. W niniejszej pracy przeanalizowano różnice w rezultatach testu uzyskane dla poszczególnych obszarów SWC stali hartowanej i odpuszczonej. Pobrano próbki z poszczególnych obszarów SWC złącza spawanego, które później przeanalizowano (SPT) w temperaturze pokojowej, odwołując się do próby twardości HV10. Zaobserwowano, że w poddanym badaniom złączu, w miarę oddalania się od linii wtopienia, własności wytrzymałościowe materiału w SWC, takie jak twardość, rosną, podczas gdy wydłużenie maleje.
8
Content available remote An experimental study on rate sensitivity of J-integral and its evaluation by small punch test for TRIP steel
Shi L., Iwamoto T., Hashimoto Sh.
Engineering Transactions
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2013
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Vol. 61, iss. 2
119--136
EN
Recently, much attention has been paid to TRIP steel since it indicates both high ductility and strength by strain induced martensitic transformation. This transformation allows TRIP steel to offer larger energy absorption than other steel at the same strength level. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to automobiles as security components that absorb energy upon collision. To produce the best performance of TRIP steel, the J-integral of TRIP steel should be investigated with respect to a various deformation rates for an evaluation of energy absorption. In the present study, the three point bending (3B) test is conducted for investigating the Jintegral until the crack growth of TRIP steel. Then, in order to determine the energy absorption characteristic by the J-integral value at various locations in the components of TRIP steel, the size of the specimen should be very small. Thus, an SP test is introduced and conducted by using the newly established apparatus based on the SHPB method. By using the result of the SP test in conjunction with the result of a 3B test, the evaluation of the J-integral of TRIP steel subject to various deflection rates is attempted. The correlation between the J-integral and the equivalent fracture strain of the SP test for TRIP steel is challenged to be redefined.
9
Content available The evaluation of materials properties of inservice components by small punch tests
Matocha K.
Journal of KONES
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2009
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Vol. 16, No. 4
315-321
EN
Residual lifetimes and/or structural integrity assessments of critical components of mechanical plants and/or steel structures reąuire the knowledge of actual mechanical properties of the components' materials, because the material properties could be reduced throughout a service life by ageing. the use of standardised mechanical test techniques for determination of actual mechanical properties of the components under operation can cause its considerable damage due to size of necessary testing material and following repairs by welding. The need of a large amount of testing material can be eliminated by new advanced testing method based on „ non destructive " sampling of a small amount of testing material from the component surface. the mechanical characteristics are then determined by Small Punch) Tests (SPT). This paper describes the use of this advanced test technique for determination of tensile properties and fracture characteristics (FATT, J IC) of materials. The small punch test technique provides at present time a vehicle for determination of actual tensile and fracture properties necessary for optimisation of operating procedures and inspection intervals as well as for repairs strategies and residual lifetime assessment.
10
Content available remote Determination of actual tensile and fracture properties of steam turbine rotor by small punch tests
Matocha K., Purmensky J., Mišcicki M.
Advances in Materials Science
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2007
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Vol. 7, nr 2(12)
32-39
EN
The paper summarizes the determination of tensile properties (Yield Stress, Tensile Strength) and fracture characteristics (FATT, fracture toughness JIC) by Small Punch (SP) tests of material samples taken from regulation stage No1 and regula-tion stage Nol9 of steam turbine rotor of 13UCK60 w Ec IV turbine in Łodž Power Plant by Rolls-Royce SSamTM-2 scoop sampling machine.
11
Content available remote Analiza zależności wyników pełzania metodą małych próbek i konwencjonalnej próby pełzania
Mierzwiński D.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2006
|
R. 6, nr 21/1
361-368
PL
Bezpieczna eksploatacja urządzeń energetycznych w szczególności walczaków oraz wirników turbin parowych związana jest z określeniem bezawaryjnego czasu pracy w oparciu o badania diagnostyczne. Stosowane dotychczas badania trwałości urządzeń energetycznych są procesami kosztownymi i czasochłonnymi. Alternatywą badania pełzania stali może być metoda małych próbek nazywana Small Punch Test (SPT).
EN
The safe exploitation of energetic devices insist on precise describing of failurefree working time. Vary important to describe of failure-free working time is diagnostic checking. Conventional tests ordinary used to determination of operational safety are expensive and time-consuming. As an alternative to conventional creep test the innovatory method called Small Punch Test could be introduced.
12
Badania odporności na pękanie stali metodą Small Punch Test (SPT)
Siurek P.
Energetyka
|
2001
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nr 11
657-659
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