Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Optimal UV quantity for a ballast water treatment system for compliance with IMO standards

Nguyen Dinh Thach, Phan Van Hung

Polish Maritime Research

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2023

|

nr 4

31--42

EN

Ballast water management is an effective measure to ensure that organisms, bacteria and viruses do not migrate with the ballast water to other areas. In 2004, the International Maritime Organization adopted the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Ship Sediments, which regulates issues related to ballast water management. Many technologies have been researched and developed, and of these, the use of UV rays in combination with filter membranes has been shown to have many advantages and to meet the requirements of the Convention. However, the use of UV furnaces in ballast water treatment systems requires a very large capacity, involving the use of many high-power UV lamps. This not only consumes large amounts of electrical energy, but is also expensive. It is therefore necessary to find an optimal algorithm to enable the UV radiation for the UV controller in the ballast water sterilisation process to be controlled in a reasonable and effective manner. This controller helps to prolong the life of the UV lamp, reduce power consumption and ensure effective sterilisation. This paper presents a UV control algorithm and a controller for a UV furnace for a ballast water treatment system installed on a ship. The results of tests on vessels illustrate the effect of the proposed UV controller.

2

Computer-aided system for layout of fire hydrants on boards designed vessel using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm

Gomułka Piotr

Polish Maritime Research

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2023

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nr 4

4--16

EN

The functional layout of fire safety equipment in technical spaces of ships is a time-consuming process. When designing a ship fire protection system, the designer must manually position each system component in such a way as to meet the requirements of regulations arising from the technical specification, various legal regulations of maritime conventions and classification societies of the vessel to be designed. Layout of fire hydrants assisted by a computer that is based on pre-defined criteria and various constraints could significantly support the designer in working easier and faster. This paper presents a prototype computer-aided design system that enables optimal placement of fire hydrants using the metaheuristic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. This algorithm was used in Rhinoceros 3D software with its Grasshopper plugin for visualizing the arrangement of fire safety equipment. Various solution arrangements compared with the fire hydrant placement in real ships are illustrated by a case study. Demonstrating how design work can be facilitated and what potential benefits can be achieved are presented as well.

3

Studies on the effects of cold starts of the ship main engine

Adamkiewicz Andrzej, Fydrych Janusz, Drzewieniecki Jan

Polish Maritime Research

|

2022

|

nr 3

109--118

EN

This article presents the influence of various ship’s operational conditions occurring during manoeuvres related to entering and leaving the ports and mooring operations. Frequent starts and stops of the ship’s propulsion unit are then required, which affect the variability of the energetic loads of the ship’s power plant, causing accelerated, non-design wear of the ship’s main propulsion engine. The effects of cold start-ups of the main ship engine are the subject of this study. Conditions of the engine inlet valve damage process are discussed. The physics of the degradation process leading to air inlet valve damage was considered. Laboratory tests of structure continuity and their results are discussed, and the valve material defects were excluded as the cause of the damage. The causes of repeated damage to the inlet air valves were identified. The effectiveness of the performed corrective measures was confirmed by a documented control test of the engine start-up. The article is a utilitarian premise for the requirements of the Classification Society.

4

Excess load on ships and its effects on stability performance in Nigerian waterways

Adepoju Olusegun Onifade, Bello Kingdom

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2022

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Vol. 7, No. 1

62--72

EN

This research has been carried out to examine the impact of excess shipload on ship performance and stability. The objectives are to analyse the trend of sinking ships in Nigeria occasioned to ship excess load. Secondly, to examine the relationship between load size and ship stability and identify the various factors responsible for ship instability. Data were gathered from operators in the maritime industry using structured questionnaires and interviews as data collection instruments. Four significant stakeholders that can provide information based on their involvement across three strata of management, operation and general cadre were sampled. Pearson Moment Correlation technique has been used to examine the relationship between load size and ship stability, and Analysis of Variance-one was used to identify the various factors responsible for ship instability. The Pearson Moment Correlation technique analysis shows a significant relationship between load size and stability. The analysis of variance revealed that "hogging and sagging" is the most crucial factor among the factors identified for ship instability. It has the highest value of F-ratio of 17.837 with a significance at p<0.05. The research concluded that resultant accidents from the instability of vessels are caused majorly by hogging and sagging of vessels, and notably, the occurrence is much in riverine areas in Nigeria. Loading the vessel has a relationship with the vessel's stability, as depicted from the analysis in this research. Recommendations on how to enhance stability through boat construction, shipbuilding, loading and passenger's use of life jackets, among others were made.

5

Influence of the numerical modelling methods on dispersions and errors of analysis results of ship hull and deckhouse vibrations

Murawski Lech

Journal of KONBiN

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2022

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Vol. 52, iss. 4

207--222

EN

Ships' (especially containers) vibrations significantly impact navigation safety. The presented analyses aims to identify the main forces exciting the ship's superstructure and hull vibrations, test their influence on vibration levels, and verify the assumptions of the computational methodology. Two container ships were analysed. The influence of different modeling methods on the obtained calculation results was investigated. The impact of various operating parameters on the vibration level was also analysed. The numerical analyses results are compared with some empirical formulas. As a result, the calculation confidence level was estimated. The calculation results have been verified by comparison with measurement tests carried out on the real ship.

PL

Drgania statków (zwłaszcza kontenerowców) mają duży wpływ na bezpieczeństwo żeglugi. Celem przedstawionych analiz jest identyfikacja głównych sił wymuszających drgania nadbudówki i kadłuba statku, zbadanie ich wpływu na poziom drgań oraz weryfikacja założeń metodyki obliczeniowej. Przeanalizowano dwa kontenerowce. Zbadano wpływ różnych metod modelowania na wyniki obliczeń. Przeanalizowano również wpływ różnych parametrów eksploatacyjnych na poziom drgań. Wyniki analiz numerycznych porównano z niektórymi wzorami empirycznymi. W rezultacie oszacowano poziom ufności obliczeń. Wyniki obliczeń zostały zweryfikowane poprzez porównanie z badaniami pomiarowymi wykonanymi na rzeczywistym statku.

6

Investigation of dynamics and power needs for container unloading from ship process

Janutėnienė Jolanta, Bogdevičius Marijonas, Jankūnas Valdas, Janutėnaitė-Bogdanienė Jūratė, Andziulis Arūnas, Kurmis Mindaugas, Drungilas Darius

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2022

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Vol. 24, no. 1

89--99

EN

The operational problem of container unloading from the ship is analyzed in this paper. Dynamic “crane-cargo-ship” system was investigated, and a mathematical model was created. In the model, the gap between the container and the ship’s cargo hold, the mass of the cargo, the container’s center of the mass, and the frictional forces that may occur during lifting from the cargo hold were estimated. Numerical analysis of the system was performed. Results of numerical analysis were compared with experimental measurements of containers unloading process in port. Requirement of lifting power was modelled depending on mass of cargo. Additional power needs in case of contact forces between container and wall of the ship’s cargo hold were calculated. Rational lifting conditions could be deduced using a created mathematical model and the reliability of the container and cargo during lifting could be deduced.

7

The use of drones in the maritime sector – areas and benefits

Krystosik-Gromadzińska Agata

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2021

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nr 67 (139)

16--25

EN

Drones are entering the maritime sector and have successfully increased safety and security. They can effectively replace humans, and where life and health are at risk during operations such as tank or hull inspections, they can be used in a fully remote capacity. They are used to transport spare parts, documents, medicine, etc. between land and ships at sea or on the roadstead, which may increase safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drones can control traffic and the emission of pollutants from ships, detect pirates, monitor areas, and support operations. They are used in search and rescue missions and also provide modern technologies like 5G and others. Drones are reliable and effective, and their use minimizes costs and reduces time. This paper presents a current review of the state of knowledge on the use of drones in the maritime sector. It takes into consideration the opportunities of their utilisation and presents possibilities and examples of successful drone exploitation by various entities such as classification societies, shipyards, search and rescue (SAR) missions, and others. The benefits and limitations and a roadmap for drones in shipping are also analysed. An application forecast for the Polish maritime sector in the West Pomeranian and Pomeranian Regions is also delivered in the paper. Desk research methodology was used to review the literature to identify the set goals by analysing literature reports, articles, and materials published by beneficiaries using drones successfully, as well as inquiries and market offers.

8

An analysis of shear forces, bending moments and roll motion during a nodule loading simulation for a ship at sea in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone

Kacprzak Paweł

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2021

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nr 65 (137)

9--20

EN

This article presents an analysis of internal forces and roll motion during a nodule loading simulation for a ship at sea. The study carried out a full assessment of ship behavior during loading, which took into account wave height and period occurrence around the Clarion–Clipperton Zone by the use of an operational efficiency index. One of the aims was to verify whether waves have an influence on excessive ship motion and internal forces during nodule loading. Two alternative loading sequences were developed and compared by taking loading time, shear forces, bending moments, roll motion and waving into account. The research shows that loading is only possible during specific sea weather conditions for the selected bulk carrier.

9

The influence of selected strain-based failure criteria on ship structure damage resulting from a collision with an offshore wind turbine monopile

Niklas Karol, Bera Alicja

Polish Maritime Research

|

2021

|

nr 4

42--52

EN

Offshore wind farms are developing well all over the world, providing green energy from renewable sources. The evaluation of possible consequences of a collision involves Finite Element computer simulations. The goal of this paper was to analyse the influence of selected strain-based failure criteria on ship damage resulting from a collision with an offshore wind turbine monopile. The case of a collision between an offshore supply vessel and a monopile-type support structure was examined. The results imply that simulation assumptions, especially the failure criteria, are very important. It was found that, using the strain failure criteria according to the minimum values required by the design rules, can lead to an underestimation of the ship damage by as much as 6 times, for the length of the hull plate, and 9 times, for the area of the ship hull opening. Instead, the adjusted formula should be used, taking into account both the FE element size and the shell thickness. The influence of the non-linear representation of the stress-strain curve was also pointed out. Moreover, a significant influence of the selected steel grade on collision damages was found.

10

Samobójstwa polskich marynarzy jako jedna z przyczyn zgonów na statkach morskich – opisy przypadków i czyny pokrewne (2)

Kijowski Maciej

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2021

|

nr 3

15-19

PL

Druga część artykułu skupia się na analizie popełnionych samobójstw, w tym samounicestwień związanych z morzem osób, które odebrały sobie życie na lądzie. Ponadto autor zwraca uwagę na samobójstwa pozorowane (najczęściej zabójstwa) i desperackie skoki marynarzy za burtę niebędące samobójstwami choć mogące je przypominać, samobójstwa prima facie. Tekst kończy się podsumowaniem, w którym autor formułuje wnioski. Jednym z nich jest postulat objęcia marynarzy badaniami suicydologicznymi, jakim poddano policjantów i uznania ludzi morza za grupę zawodową zagrożoną samobójstwami w stopniu nie mniejszym niż stróże prawa.

EN

The second part of the article is based on analysis of committed suicides, including self-destructions of the people connected with sea who killed themselves on land. Additionally, the author pays attention at sham suicides (most frequently homicides) and suicides prima facie (in fact seamen’s desperate jumps overboard). The text is finished by recapitulation which the author tries to formulate some conclusions.

11

Samobójstwa polskich marynarzy jako jedna z przyczyn zgonów na statkach morskich – przegląd badań (1)

Kijowski Maciej

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2021

|

nr 2

10-14

PL

Praca marynarza na statku morskim stanowi podstawę licznych negatywnych uwarunkowań tak psychicznej, jak i fizycznej sfery jego życia. Zaburzenia środowiskowe, niemożliwość opuszczenia statku, rozłąka z rodziną czy przyjaciółmi czynią ludzi morza jedną z grup zawodowych legitymujących się zarówno najwyższym ryzykiem, jak i odsetkiem samobójstw. Autor zwraca szczególną uwagę na społeczne znaczenie samobójstw w kontekście ich przesłanek, liczebności i nieoczekiwanie wysokiego udziału procentowego wśród wszystkich zgonów marynarzy w miejscu pracy. Przypomniano również terminu „kalentura”, niemal zapomniany, prawie nieznany we współczesnej literaturze naukowej, a prawdopodobnie związany ze skłonnością marynarzy do samobójstw. Tekst bazuje na analizie popełnionych zamachów samobójczych i niejasnych rezultatów badań ich dotyczących.

EN

Seaman's work on the sea-going ship gives occasion to number of negative circumstances for physical and psychical spheres of his life. Environmental disturbances, impossibility of abandonment of a ship, separation with family or friends make people of the sea one of professional group of highest both risk and percentage of suicides. The author pays special attention to social importance of seamen's suicides that is connected with their circumstances, quantity and unexpectedly high percentage m total amount of seamen's deaths at work. A value of this paper is also reminder of a term 'calenture', almost forgotten and unknown in contemporary scientific literature, probably connected with the seamen's inclination to suicide. The article is based on analysis of committed suicides, as well as hazy results of researches over them.

12

Statistical analysis for modeling ship operation processes in ports

Özkan Emin Deniz, Koçer Umay Uzunoğlu, Nas Selçuk

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2020

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nr 62 (134)

71--79

EN

The proper selection of statistical distributions is important for modeling port operations using simulations or queuing theory. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate statistical distributions for modeling random processes related to ship operations in ports, including ship arrivals, berthing maneuver processes, service processes, and unberthing maneuver processes. A literature review was performed on the statistical distributions used in these random processes. In addition, the port data on ship operations gathered from three different ports in Turkey were examined. Goodness of fit tests were conducted to determine the appropriate distribution for each process.

13

Infectious diseases at sea – crew members and passengers of ships in the face of pandemic COVID-19

Michailiuk Bogdan

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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2020

|

R. XIV

251--268

EN

Fear of the invisible enemy, as is commonly called bacteria and viruses that disturb or take away health, has accompanied mankind for thousands of years. The article presents cases of illness caused by a biological factor among passengers and crew members on ships. The author mentioned incidents that have occurred in the past. Above all, however, the author’s considerations focused on the current situation (Pandemic COVID-19) the threat of biological factor on vessels.

PL

Strach przed niewidzialnym wrogiem, jak zwykło się określać bakterie i wirusy nierzadko zaburzające lub zabierające zdrowie, towarzyszy ludzkości od tysięcy lat. W artykule przedstawiono przypadki zachorowań spowodowanych czynnikiem biologicznym wśród pasażerów i członków załóg na statkach. Wspomniano o incydentach, które miały miejsce w przeszłości. Wiodące rozważania Autora skupiły się na obecnej sytuacji (Pandemia COVID-19) zagrożenia czynnikiem biologicznym na jednostkach pływających.

14

An analysis of vertical shear forces and bending moments during nodule loading for a standard bulk carrier in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

Cepowski Tomasz, Kacprzak Paweł

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2019

|

nr 60 (132)

184--191

EN

This article presents an analysis of vertical shear forces and bending moments during nodule loading in the case of a standard bulk carrier around the Clarion–Clipperton Zone. An operational efficiency index was applied to an assessment of internal forces during loading which took into account wave heights and periods around this zone. The aim of this research was to investigate whether waves could have a negative effect on loading efficiency and to estimate the nodule mass that can safely be loaded onto a standard bulk carrier taking these waves into account. Moreover, a calculation was made to discover the acceptable vertical shear force percentage limit, while also taking into account wave activity during loading.

15

Ship’s de-perming process using coils lying on seabed

Wołoszyn Mirosław, Jankowski Piotr

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 3

569--579

EN

A ship built from ferromagnetic steel disturbs the uniformity of the Earth’s magnetic field. Changes of ship’s signature are due to the magneto-mechanical interaction of the hull with the Earth’s magnetic field. The ship’s magnetic field can be detected by a magnetic naval mine. For this reason, the vessel has to be demagnetized. There are several methods of ship’s de-perming. The results of experimental and computer simulations of the ship’s de-perming process using coils lying on the seabed are presented in this paper. The simulation of the de-perming process with a hysteresis model of ship’s steel was carried out in Opera-3d 18R2. The laboratory experiments were carried out using a physical ship’s model, several Helmholtz coils, magneto-resistive sensors, etc. The experiments and computer simulations have shown that ship’s de-perming with coils lying on the seabed is possible. The values of coil currents are over dozen times greater than those used in the standard method.

16

Use of hybrid approach in facilitation of design of ship hydrostatic parameters under uncertainty

Nwaoha Thaddeus C., Idubor Fabian I.

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 3, No 1

31--42

EN

Hydrostatic parameters of a ship are very important in ship design. The importance of the parameters compared to one another need to be revealed in realm of uncertainty, so as to avoid design error. In view of this, a fuzzy-analytical hierarchical process (Fuzzy-AHP) method is utilized in addressing the subject under investigation. The fuzzy logic is used to address uncertainty in pairwise comparison exercise, so as to facilitate the estimation of order of importance of hydrostatic parameters. In this research, the engineering judgements of three designers in analysis of importance of hydrostatic parameters are aggregated and processed using the Fuzzy-AHP methodology. The result produced in the study showed that hydrostatic parameters are importance in order of moments of inertia of vessels (MIV), mass displacement (MD), tons per centimeter immersion (TPCI), coefficients of form (CF), centers of buoyancy (CB), metacentric heights of vessels (MHV), ship waterplane area (SWA), longitudinal center of floatation (LCF), volume displacement (VD) and wetted surface area (WSA) with weight values of 0.218, 0.095, 0.078, 0.083, 0.074, 0.1, 0.46, 0.108, 0.209 and 0.028 respectively.

17

Safety of sea vessels in the aspect of model research

Mironiuk Waldemar

Journal of KONBiN

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2019

|

Vol. 49, iss. 1

47--68

EN

The article presents a modern method of modeling stability and unsinkability of vessels using physical models of warships and merchant ships. Model tests of watercraft are carried out primarily to assess their marine properties in various operational states. The purpose of this research is to create technically useful calculation methods for forecasting the behavior of a vessel at sea in various meteorological conditions. The main role played by model tests and measurements on real objects is the verification of these methods. Both types of experiments are also a source of inspiration for creating new modified mathematical models and accounting methods based on them. These tests can contribute to the improvement of the safety of vessels at sea.

PL

W artykule przedstawiona została nowoczesna metoda badań modelowych stateczności i niezatapialności jednostek pływających z wykorzystaniem modeli fizycznych okrętów wojennych i statków handlowych. Badania modelowe jednostek pływających prowadzone są przede wszystkim do oceny ich właściwości morskich w różnych stanach eksploatacyjnych. Celem tych badań jest tworzenie technicznie użytecznych rachunkowych metod prognozowania zachowania się jednostki pływającej na morzu w różnych warunkach meteorologicznych. Natomiast główną rolę, jaką pełnią badania modelowe oraz pomiary na obiektach rzeczywistych jest weryfikacja tych metod. Oba rodzaje eksperymentów są też źródłem inspiracji do tworzenia nowych zmodyfikowanych modeli matematycznych oraz opartych na nich metod rachunkowych. Badania te mogą przyczynić się do poprawy bezpieczeństwa jednostek pływających na morzu.

18

"Hippopotes" pod okiem trzech tachimetrów

Czekaj Damian

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

|

2019

|

nr 11

30--31

19

Assessment of turbine engines exhaust emissions from vessels propulsion systems

Wirkowski Paweł

Diagnostyka

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2019

|

Vol. 20, No. 2

97--103

EN

The issue taken in the article concerns vessels using gas turbine engines as part of propulsion systems and is an addition to previously conducted research in the field of vessels impact on the environment. The author's purpose was to determine the impact on the natural environment of the frigate's operation, in the aspect of ecological indicators. As part of research, measurements of harmful compounds concentration in the engine exhaust during frigate's cruise with simultaneous registration of engine operation parameters were carried out. The obtained results from the conducted measurements were the subject of a comparative analysis with the engine load values. The comparison of the obtained data made it possible to assign concentration values of particular harmful exhaust compounds to the appropriate engine load conditions during the cruise. On the basis of the analyzes carried out, emission factors for harmful exhaust emissions were determined. These factors allow determining the mass of harmful compounds emitted to the atmosphere from marine gas turbine engines during the operation of the Oliver Hazard Perry frigate.

PL

Zagadnienie podjęte w artykule dotyczy oceny wpływu jednostek pływających wykorzystujących w układach napędowych turbinowe silniki spalinowe na środowisko. Celem jest określenie oddziaływania na środowisko naturalne człowieka eksploatacji okrętu klasy fregata, w aspekcie wskaźników ekologicznych. W ramach badań przeprowadzono pomiary stężenia związków szkodliwych zawartych w spalinach silników podczas rejsu okrętu z jednoczesną rejestracją parametrów pracy silników. Uzyskane wyniki z przeprowadzonych pomiarów poddano analizie porównawczej z wartościami obciążenia silników. Wspólne zestawienie uzyskanych danych umożliwiło przypisanie wartości stężenia poszczególnych związków szkodliwych spalin odpowiednim stanom obciążenia silnika w trakcie rejsu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz wyznaczono wskaźniki emisji związków szkodliwych spalin. Wskaźniki te umożliwiają wyznaczenie masy emitowanych do atmosfery związków szkodliwych zawartych w spalinach okrętowych silników turbinowych podczas eksploatacji okrętu typu Oliver Hazard Perry.

20

The influence of operating conditions of the marine gas turbine engine on the level of emission of pollutants contained in the exhaust

Wirkowski Paweł, Markowski Jarosław

Combustion Engines

|

2019

|

R. 58, nr 3

218--223

EN

Pollution emission tests from turbine engines used for the main propulsion of vessels require measurement of the concentration of harmful compounds in the exhaust and assessment of the exhaust gases mass generated by the engine. The concentration of harmful compounds can be determined in a direct way by measuring it in the stream of exhaust gases. However, due to the large output of exhaust gases, the mass of exhaust gases must be determined indirectly. To do this it is necessary to carry out a series of tests and analyzes that will enable parameterization of operating conditions. The obtained parameters and functional relations between them can be used to assess the mass of generated exhaust gases. The article presents analyzes related to the methodology for assessing the mass of exhaust gases generated by the main propulsion turbine engine of the vessel, and the manner of their use in the assessment of emission of harmful exhaust gases.