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1

Radioactive elements detected in crude oil from volcanic areas

Radulescu Renata, Stoianovic Doru, Chis Timur

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 12

755--763

EN

In the geological structures containing crude oil and associated gases and located in areas where volcanic activity has been detected, radioactive substances and minerals are contained both in the structure of the reservoir waters and in the impurities related to the composition of the extracted crude oil. They are present during the extraction of crude oil and associated gases and affect human health and environmental safety. Radioactive elements have been detected in reservoir waters, in impurities associated with crude oil, and especially during the processing of drilling fluids (the separation of detritus sourced from geological strata from the used drilling fluid). Other radioactive elements were also detected in the areas polluted with oil and drilling waste. In order to determine the radioactivity level of crude oil originating from the area of volcanic activity of the Romanian Mountains, crude oil samples were collected from the oil field in a one-year analysis. The collected samples were analysed to determine their physical-chemical structure. The reservoir water associated with these samples and the minerals separated from the crude oil following their solvent extraction were also analysed. Radioactive elements were detected using X-ray spectrometry, and their chemical structures are also discussed.

PL

W strukturach geologicznych zawierających ropę naftową i towarzyszący jej gaz ziemny oraz zlokalizowanych w obszarach, w których wykryto aktywność wulkaniczną, substancje i minerały radioaktywne zawarte są zarówno w strukturze wód złożowych, jak również w zanieczyszczeniach powiązanych ze składem wydobywanej ropy. Są one obecne podczas wydobycia ropy naftowej i towarzyszącego jej gazu, mając wpływ na zdrowie ludzkie i bezpieczeństwo środowiska. Pierwiastki radioaktywne wykryto nie tylko w wodach złożowych i związanych z nią zanieczyszczeniach, ale przede wszystkim podczas obróbki płuczek wiertniczych, w tym w procesie oddzielania detrytusu pochodzącego z warstw skalnych od zużytej płuczki wiertniczej. Inne pierwiastki radioaktywne wykryto także w obszarach zanieczyszczonych ropą i odpadami wiertniczymi. Dla określenia poziomu radioaktywności ropy naftowej pochodzącej z obszaru aktywności wulkanicznej w górach Rumunii, z jednego ze złóż ropnych w ciągu jednego roku pobrano próbki ropy naftowej do analiz. Pobrane próbki przeanalizowano pod kątem struktury fizykochemicznej. Przebadano także wodę złożową powiązaną z tymi próbkami oraz minerały oddzielone z ropy naftowej po ich ekstrakcji rozpuszczalnikiem. Pierwiastki radioaktywne zidentyfikowano za pomocą spektrometrii rentgenowskiej, omówiono również ich struktury chemiczne.

2

Detrital zircon populations in Ediacaran Period sediments distinguish active from passive continent margins even when metamorphosed and help resolve the Gondwana-Panotia supercontinent/megacontinent argument

Crow Michael, Zaw Khin, Thu Kyaw, Belousov Ivan, Goemann Karsten

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

16--17

EN

Great thicknesses of sand and greywacke were deposited on the margins of megacontinents during the Ediacaran Period (620–542 Ma). Zircon age populations in sediments with long deep-time flat profiles distinguish passive margin sedimentation from shorter humped zircon profiles characteristic of sediments derived from volcanic arcs and their feeder zones in active margins. An example of a single hump detrital profile is given by an Ediacaran Period volcano present in the Charnian Supergroup in the Anglo-Brabant Massif of the East Avalonia terrane. This Gondwana fragment was originally part of the West Africa craton and was subsequently accreted to Laurentia. A volcanic complex with sediments carrying an Ediacaran biota is overlain by Triassic sediments. The main phase of eruption at c. 561 Ma provides a single hump zircon age histogram with a few pre-eruption zircon xenocrysts up to 40 Ma older

3

Using GPS and Run-Off Rates Data to Study the Close Monitoring Networks for Dams – Al-Kut Barrages as a Case Study

Saiwan Malik Khalaf, Hamdoon Rana Mozahim, Al-Zuhairy Mudhaffar Sadiq

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

87--93

EN

The dams and barrages are among the most important engineering structures for water supply, flood control, agriculture, and electric power generation. Monitoring the horizontal and vertical deformation of the barrage’s body and identifying the risk it’s so important to maintain the dam and also to reduce costs. Where in this research the case of the Al-Kut barrage is studied by observing the body of the barrage using surveying devices through (GPS) by taking spatial observations of the two networks of stations, the horizontal and vertical networks. Then compare them with the observations of previous years to determine the magnitude of the deformation through the differences between the observations. By calculating the differences and finding the displacement of surveying observations from 2014 to 2021, It was found that the highest and least displacements in the horizontal stations is 50 and 11 mm, respectively. Also, for the vertical network observations, the highest and lowest differences in elevation were 11and 3 mm, respectively. Where, the results showed a slight deformation within the acceptable limits. In addition, the annual and monthly discharge rates for a number of years were evaluated to observe the extent of the impact of run-off rates on increasing sedimentation at the upstream of Al-Kut barrage. It was found that the accumulation of sediment on the river’s left bank affected the gates’ efficiency and put pressure on the other gates, which led to some operational issues in the barrage gates.

4

Ecological assessment of heavy metals accumulation in sediments and leaves of Avicennia marina along the Diu coast of the northeast Arabian Sea

Patale Varsha, Tank Jigna G.

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (2)

276--286

EN

The Coastal region of Diu is the natural habitat dominated by Avicennia marina mangrove species at the southeast coast of Saurashtra in Gujarat state of India. However, Diu being a famous industrial and tourism place survival of these mangrove species is threatened due to anthropogenic activities. In present studies, sediment and leaf samples of A. marina were collected from the Diu coast to evaluate the ecological threat of heavy metals accumulation in the marine habitat. There was remarkable presence of heavy metals such as copper, nickel, cadmium, chromium and lead in sediments and leaf samples of A. marina. The values of Biological concentration factors (BCFs) of heavy metals in leaf samples were high for cadmium, chromium and lead which suggest chelation of these heavy metals with biomolecules. The geo-accumulation index suggested that Site-4 and Site-5 were heavily contaminated with copper and nickel. The ecological risk index suggested that there is no significant effect of heavy metals on growth of plants in the mangrove ecosystem. Principal component analysis revealed that the samples collected from the natural habitats (Site-4 and Site-5) near the fishing and industrial areas were the main sources of heavy metal contamination. Hence, it was concluded that the concentration of heavy metals in the studied ecosystem had limited impact on growth of plants at Site-1, Site-2 and Site-3. However, growth of plants at Site-4 and Site-5 were threatened due to the toxic effect of copper and nickel present in its sediments.

5

Distribution and ecological risk evaluation of bioavailable phosphorus in sediments of El Temsah Lake, Suez Canal

Younis Alla M., Soliman Naglaa Farag, Elkady Eman M., Mohamedein Lamiaa I.

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (2)

287--298

EN

Phosphorus reactivity and bioavailability in lake sediments is determined by diverse fractions of phosphorus (P) and their distribution. To gain deeper insights into P dynamics in Lakes, sediments from El Temsah Lake were investigated for water soluble P (WSP), readily desorbable P (RDP), algal available P (AAP) and Olsen-P using different chemical extraction methods. Total P (TP), organic P (OP), inorganic P (IP) contents, were also investigated. The TP, OP and IP concentrations in the sediments were 598.39 µg/g, 199.76 µg/g and 398.63 µg/g, correspondingly. Concentrations of the bioavailable P in the sediments followed the order AAP (48.42 µg/g)>WSP (14.60 µg/g)>RDP (1.82 µg/g)>Olsen-P (1.50 µg/g). Pearson correlation analysis exposed that there were significant correlations among the bioavailable P fractions concentrations and the TP concentrations (r=0.83; p>0.01, r=0.94; p>0.01, r=0.62; p>0.05); for WSP, AAP, and Olsen-P respectively. Moreover, there were no obvious associations amongst total P and N, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and OM in the sediments. The outcomes of phosphorus ecological risk assessment in sediments by single pollution standard index method revealed that the standard index of TP varied from 0.19 to 1.85. It demonstrated that the ecological pollution risks of phosphorus in El Temsah Lake sediments was comparatively low.

6

Coastal cliff erosion as a source of toxic, essential and nonessential metals in the marine environment

Bełdowska Magdalena, Bełdowski Jacek, Kwasigroch Urszula, Szubska Marta, Jędruch Agnieszka

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (4)

553--566

EN

Due to the rising environmental awareness, emissions and releases of pollutants, including metals, have been considerably reduced in the last decades. Therefore, the remobilization of natural and anthropogenic contaminants is gaining importance in their biogeochemical cycle. In the marine coastal zone, this process occurs during the erosion of a shore, especially the most vulnerable cliffs. The research was conducted in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea) from 2016 to 2017. The sediment cores were collected from four cliffs; additionally, marine surface sediments were also taken. The concentrations of essential (Cr, Mn, Fr, Cu, Zn) and nonessential (Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba) metals were analyzed using the XRF technique. The levels of the analyzed metals were relatively low, typical of nonpolluted areas. However, considering the mass of eroded sediments, the annual load of metals introduced into the sea in this way is significant. In the case of Cu, Zn, and Y the load can amount to a few kilograms, for Cr and Rb – over ten kilograms, for Mn, Sr, and Zr – several tens of kilograms, for toxic Ba – over 100 kg, and in the case of Fe – 4.8 tonnes. During strong winds and storms, when the upper part of a cliff is eroded, especially the load of Zn and Cr entering the sea may increase. The content of Cr, Zr, and Ba in the cliffs was higher compared to marine sediments from the deep accumulation bottom, which indicates that coastal erosion may be an important source of these metals.

7

Leaching of heavy metals from contaminated soil stabilised by Portland cement and slag Bremen

Lindh Per, Lemenkova Polina

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 4

537--552

EN

Leaching behaviour is an important evidence of soil quality. The assessment of leaching of heavy metals from the contaminated soil is vital for environmental applications. However, leaching may differ in soil stabilised by various ratios of binders. In this study we measured leaching behaviour of soil contaminated by As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, methyl Hg, aliphatic compounds of hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). To evaluate leaching of these substances we tested the effects of changed amount of binder (120 kg and 150 kg) and binder ratios (70/30 %, 50/50 % and 30/70 %) added to soil samples. Soil was dredged from several stations in Ostrand area, SCA Sundsvall Ortvikens Pappersbruk. The results demonstrated a systematically decreasing leaching with the increased slag. The contribution of this research include: (i) devising systematic approach to extract information on leaching from stabilised soil collected from the coastal area of Bothnian Bay, (ii) developing a workflow for stabilising soils by various combination of Portland cement Basement CEM II/A-V (SS EN 197-1) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), Bremen type (SS EN 15167-1), (iii) determining water ratio and density for the untreated and stabilised soil and performing comparative analysis, (iv) evaluating chemical content of pollutants and toxic elements in the aggregated soil samples. Treatment of the contaminated soil by binders improved its parameters by the increased strength and decreased leaching of heavy metals and toxic elements.

8

Monitoring the Evolution of Redox Changes in Sediments made Possible by Electrochemical Multilayer Probes

Popa Radu, Moga Ioana Corina, Nealson Kenneth H., Cimpoiasu V.M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

1037--1041

EN

Marine sediments with rapid oxic/anoxic transitions are difficult to monitor in real time. Organic overload that may lead to anoxia and buildup of hydrogen sulfide can be caused by a variety of factors such as sewage spills, harbor water stagnation, algal blooms and the vicinity of aquaculture operations. We have tested a novel multiprobe technology (named SPEAR) on marine sediments to evaluate its performance in monitoring sediments and overlaying water. Our results show the ability of the SPEAR probes to distinguish electrochemical changes at 2-3 mm scale and at hourly cycles. SPEAR probes have the ability to identify redox interfaces and redox transition zones in sediments, but do not use micromanipulators (which are cumbersome in field and underwater applications). We propose that the best target habitats for SPEAR-type monitoring are rapidly evolving muddy deposits and sediments near aquaculture operations where pollution with organics stresses the ecosystem.

9

Constraints of the MAX4781 CMOS Solution for Electrode Switching in Multilayer Electrochemical Probes

Cimpoiasu V.M., Radulescu F., Nealson K.H., Moga Ioana Corina, Popa R.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

691--694

EN

The most common means to analyze redox gradients in sediments is by push/pulling electrochemical probes through sediment’ strata while repeating measurements. Yet, as electrodes move up and down they disrupt the texture of the sediment layers thus biasing subsequent measurements. This makes it difficult to obtain reproducible measurements or to study the evolution of electrochemical gradients. One solution for solving this problem is to eliminate actuators and electrode movements altogether, while instead deploying probes with numerous electrodes positioned at various depths in the sediment. This mode of operation requires electrode switching. We discuss an electrode-switching solution for multi-electrode probes, based on Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) multiplexors. In this solution, electrodes can be individually activated in any order, sequence or time frame through digital software commands. We discuss constraints of CMOS-based multilayer electrochemical probes during cyclic voltammetry.

10

Characteristics of morphodynamic conditions in the shallows of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea)

Szymczak Ewa, Rucińska Maria

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 2

220--231

EN

Puck Bay is an unusual and thus interesting coastal water region, as it combines two different environments – a lagoon and the sea. They differ from each other in their seabed morphology, salinity, dynamics and water exchange. Their common elements are the extensive shallows and the vicinity of the Hel Peninsula. The shallows of Puck Bay have developed at various stages of its evolution, which began several thousand years ago and continues to this day. They have been shaped by varying morphogenetic factors resulting from changes in sea level and accompanying evolution phases of sand barriers, e.g. washover fans, as well as the intensity and directions of sediment transport. At present, the shallows cover more than 35% of the seabed area and are influenced by hydrodynamic factors and availability of sediments. The study area was divided into five fields, taking into account morphological and genetic criteria as well as recent hydrodynamic conditions. This study provides an updated map with classification and distribution of surface sediments and describes grain size parameters for sediment samples collected in the selected fields. Based on a comprehensive assessment of grain size parameters, lithodynamic equilibrium zones were determined and areas of sediment deposition and redeposition were identified.

11

Extraction and application of bottom sediments in a closed cycle

Mazur Kamila, Eymontt Andrzej, Wierzbicki Krzysztof

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 51

265--271

EN

Human activities in relation to aquatic ecosystems result in significant economic losses in the form of contamination of water sources, deteriorating its quality and therefore its availability in lakes, water bodies and even in soil. Hence the need for systematic revitalisation or reclamation of water ecosystems. Such actions, in order to be rational, require a detailed understanding of the causes, and then the use of appropriate technology. The need for the above-mentioned actions result from the weather changes that have been noticeable in recent years, as well as environmental pollutants increasing water eutrophication in reservoirs and stimulating the development of some species of cyanobacteria. These cyanobacteria can cause serious water poisoning, especially in water supply systems. Therefore, a rational, comprehensive technology for the removal of bottom sediments and their processing into organic and mineral fertiliser has been developed with properties similar to manure. It also creates opportunities to improve the structure of soils thanks to the supply of organic carbon, the loss of which was found, among others, in also in soils of Poland and EU. These new possibilities of revitalisation hitherto unknown make it possible to a large extent, compliance with environmental requirements when revitalising water reservoirs and soil.

12

Heavy metals and 137Cs levels in macrophytes and temporal distribution in sediments : application for estuarine environment status assessment (Vistula Lagoon – southern Baltic)

Zalewska Tamara, Brzeska-Roszczyk Paulina, Danowska Beata, Pełechaty Mariusz

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 1

68--80

EN

The paper presents the first data on the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn) and 137Cs and their contamination ratios (CR) in the most abundant species of macrophytes in the Vistula Lagoon. No significant differences in the concentrations of heavy metals and 137Cs between macrophyte taxa or the influence of rivers flowing into the Vistula Lagoon on heavy metal concentrations in the area were found. The concentrations of heavy metals in macrophyte taxa varied in the following ranges: Cd – 0.1–0.7 mg kg−1 d.w.; Pb – 0.5–5.0 mg kg−1 d.w.; Zn – 29–390 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cu – 2.5–8.3 mg kg−1 d.w.; Ni – 0.4–6.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cr – 0.5–2.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Mn – 380–8500 mg kg−1 d.w. Since the 1990s, a decline or stable state of heavy metal concentrations in bottom sediments has been observed, reflecting changes in the environment of the Vistula Lagoon. The linear sedimentation rate in the Vistula Lagoon was 3.3 mm y−1. The results presented in the paper can serve as a baseline for assessing changes in the environmental status of the Vistula Lagoon, which may occur as a result of future investments, including building a new navigable canal through the Vistula Spit.

13

Geochemical fractionation of heavy metals in sediments of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

Al-Mur Bandar A.

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (1)

31--44

EN

The geochemical fractionation of heavy metals, including Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni, collected from the surface sediments of the Jeddah coastal zone of the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia was determined using a sequential extraction technique. The data obtained from the five fractions indicated that the concentration of metals varies among different locations in the study area. The total metal concentrations (%) in the exchangeable (F1), carbonate (F2), reducible (F3) and organic-bound (F4) fractions were measured to determine the mobility of each studied metal. The sum of the two fractions F3 and F4 represented 70% of the Cu, 72% of the Zn and 36% of the Pb. However, the sum of the three fractions F2, F3 and F4 represented 76%, 74%, 68% and 58% of the Cd, Ni, Fe and Mn, respectively. Approximately 46% of the total copper was related to organics, which could reflect a high mobility of copper in these sediments. The maximum mobility of metals in the sediments was confirmed by the bioavailability factor (BF), which was within the ranges of 0.47-0.93, 0.34-0.92, 0.62-0.95, 0.69-0.95, 0.24-0.82, 0.54-0.98, and 0.60-0.95 for Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ni, respectively. Based on the BF, the metals exhibited the following order: Cu ≈ Zn > Cd ≈ Ni ≈ Fe > Mn > Pb. The high levels of BF for the studied metals could reflect the potential for toxic metals to be easily released into the marine environment. The risk assessment code for Cd showed a medium risk in five sediment samples of the northern and southern regions and a high risk to the aquatic environment in the other sediment samples. However, the speciation of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni in the studied sediments exhibited low to medium risks to the aquatic environment.

14

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers as the Emerging Contaminants in the Polish Environment

Hajduk Aleksandra, Bojanowicz-Bablok Anna

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2019

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Tom 21, cz. 1

395--420

EN

The study focus on the occurrence and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as contaminants of emerging concern in Poland. In the article, their properties, primary uses and emission sources to the environment were discussed. The review of the available studies on the PBDEs content in the samples of different matrices (groundwaters, surface waters, sediments, air and dust, food, animal and human tissues) was conducted and the results exceeding the available limit values were indicated. It enabled to evaluate the problem of the PBDEs contamination in Poland.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono dane dotyczące występowania i stężeń polibromowanych eterów difenylowych jako nowo pojawiających się zanieczyszczeń w Polsce. W artykule przedyskutowano ich właściwości, wykorzystanie oraz źródła emisji do środowiska. Przeprowadzono przegląd dostępnych badań dotyczących zawartości PBDEs w próbkach różnych matryc środowiskowych (wodach podziemnych, powierzchniowych, osadach, powietrzu i kurzu, żywności, tkanach zwierzących i ludzkich) oraz wskazano wyniki przekraczające ustalone wartości graniczne. Pozwoliło to na ocenę problemu zanieczyszczenia środowiska Polski przez PBDEs.

15

Miedź, nikiel, ołów i cynk w strefach wpływu eksploatacji złóż miedzi Dolnego Śląska

Duczmal-Czernikiewicz Agata, Hoska Natalia, Zimny Marcin, Zimny Daniel

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 3

154--155

EN

Base metals (Cu, Zn and Pb) as the main resources of the Lower Silesian copper deposits have significantly been influenced by different enviromentalfactors. In this paper, changes in metal concentrations on the surface in relation to deeper layers of the sediments were examined. The concentration ofmetals in the whole sediment, and in selected grain fractions was studied. The contents of these metals in the soils of areas adjacent to the deposit are diverse and are in the range of: 3.0-1082.9 mg/kg Cu; 3.5-106.1 mg/kg Pb; 27.6-49.3 mg/kg Zn, and 1.33-23.0 mg/kg Ni in the old deposit district and Cu 0.91-1655.0 mg/kg Pb; 10.0-1792.0 mg/kg Zn; 3.38-1129.0 and 0.47-32.7 mg/kg Ni in the new deposit district. The increase of metal concentration in the finefractions has been observed. Moreover, the decrease in the metal content with depth was observed in all investigated profiles.

16

Impact of sampling techniques on the concentration of ammonia and sulfide in pore water of marine sediments

Brodecka-Goluch Aleksandra, Siudek Patrycja, Bolałek Jerzy

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2019

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Vol. 48, No. 2

184--195

EN

Three ex situ pore water sampling procedures (I – rhizon samplers, II – centrifugation of sediment subsamples collected from different sediment depths without core sectioning, III – core sectioning and centrifugation of sediment sections) were compared to indicate factors that may affect concentrations of pore water constituents (ammonia and sulfides). The methods were selected and modified in such a way as to determine how the concentrations are affected by different factors related to sampling procedures, e.g. contact with atmospheric air, filtration and sediment core disturbance. They were tested on nine sediment cores collected at one site in the southern Baltic Sea. The concentration of ammonia in pore water from centrifuged sediment sections was significantly higher compared to pore water extracted by rhizons – probably due to the impact of changing pH. The factor with the greatest impact on the H2S/HS– concentration in the analyzed pore water was the contact with atmospheric air and/or the extrusion of sediments from a core liner. Rhizons proved to be the best option for sampling pore waters analyzed for H2S/HS– and NH4+/NH3. In the case of H2S/HS– we noticed the smallest loss of the analyzed constituents. For ammonia, the centrifugation of the whole sediment sections was likely to cause interferences in the indophenol blue method.

17

Role of macrophytes in structuring littoral habitats in the Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea)

Pawlikowski Krzysztof, Kornijów Ryszard

Oceanologia

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2019

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No. 61 (1)

26--37

EN

The objective of the research conducted in the years 2011-2014 in the near-shore zone of the Vistula Lagoon was the verification of the hypothesis that in the coastal lagoon, similarly as in inland waters, habitat conditions can be substantially modified by macrophytic vegetation, depending on the represented life form and its abundance. The research was conducted in the zone of emergent plants (reed rush composed of Phragmites australis) and in the zone of submerged plants occurring as scattered patches of Potamogeton perfoliatus and Stuckenia pectinata. The hypothesis was supported only in the case of the reed rush chich substantially modified water insolation, temperature, and oxygenation, as well as the grain size composition of sediments, and concentration of organic matter contained in the sediments. Patches of submerged vegetation had insufficient surface area and were too scarcely overgrown by plants to considerably affect the habitat conditions and weaken the strong mechanical effect of waves and rate of water exchange between the littoral and open water zone.

18

Scale of pollutions with heavy metals in water and sediment of River Ibër from landfill in Kelmend, Kosovo

Kadriu Sadija, Sadiku Milaim, Kelmendi Mensur, Mulliqi Ismet, Aliu Mehush, Hyseni Arbër

Mining Science

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2019

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Vol. 26

147--155

EN

Pollution with heavy metals and waters in Mitrovica with surroundings, both in the past and in present days, is a preoccupation for the citizens of Mirtovica, as well as for the other inhabitants living around it. Such a problem has been a concern which still continues for a number of researchers who have been dealing with this issue, and who still continue to be preoccupied with the issue of heavy metal (habitat) pollution in this part of Kosovo. Heavy metal's contamination of the environment's main components, dates back to the 1970s/90s to this date. This pollution, especially of the rivers, is due to the industrial activity taking place in the Trepça Combine and the presence of industrial landfill sites of this Combine near the flow of two main rivers: the Sitnica and Ibër River waters, in the city of Mitrovica. The focus of our study, this time consists solely in the research and illumination of pollution with these heavy metals and waterworks of the Ibër River, as a result of the pollution caused by the industrial waste landfill located in Kelmend village. In the paper, we have attempted to show the concentration of heavy metals in sediment and water, by pointing at four sample sites of the Ibër river: in the Bosniak U1 neighborhood, then in the flow in front the U2 landfill, discharge flows from landfill U3 and a certain distance from the U4 landfill.

19

Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Seybouse River, Guelma – Annaba, Algeria

Talbi Hanane, Kachi Slimane

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2019

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no. 40

81--86

EN

The surface sediments of Seybouse River and its affluents have been studied and assessed to determine their degree of heavy metal contamination (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Fe). The contamination factor (CF), the contamination degree (CD) and statistical tools (correlation and APC) has been used in assessing: metal contamination, sediment toxicity and to identify the origin of metals which have enriched the sediments. Heavy metals concentrations of sediments are generally heterogeneous and vary according to the metal and the sampling site. The results have been compared to the reference values of the unpolluted sediments and have shown that Seybouse River sediments are more contaminated by Pb, Cd and Zn respectively. CF values indicate moderate to considerable contamination for most stations. CD values show that the most toxic sediments are located mainly at the estuary and downstream of large agglomerations. The matrix correlation between the metallic elements shows a very strong correlation between Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn indicating that they have a similar source. These different metallic elements appear as traces of anthropogenic pollution. Despite using wastewater treatment plants as protective measures, Seybouse River pollution is remaining a big issue and more efforts has to be done by local authorities.

PL

Analizowano powierzchniowe osady rzeki Seybouse i jej dopływów, aby określić stopień ich zanieczyszczenia metalami ciężkimi (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn i Fe). Do oceny zanieczyszczenia metalami osadów i ich toksyczności oraz do identyfikacji pochodzenia metali, które wzbogaciły osady, wykorzystano współczynnik zanieczyszczenia (CF), stopień zanieczyszczenia (CD) oraz narzędzia statystyczne (korelacja i analiza głównych składowych). Zawartość metali ciężkich była zróżnicowana zarówno między metalami, jak i między stanowiskami badawczymi. Wyniki porównane z wartościami referencyjnymi z niezanieczyszczonych osadów wykazały, że osady rzeki Seybouse są zanieczyszczone ołowiem, kadmem i cynkiem. Wartości CF wskazują umiarkowane do znaczącego zanieczyszczenia większości stanowisk. Wartości CD świadczą, że najbardziej toksyczne osady zlokalizowane są głównie w estuarium i poniżej dużych aglomeracji miejskich. Wykazano silną korelację między zawartością Pb, Cd, Cu i Zn, co sugeruje wspólne pochodzenie tych metali. Analizowane pierwiastki metaliczne stanowią ślad zanieczyszczeń antropogenicznych. Pomimo ochrony wód przez oczyszczalnie ścieków, zanieczyszczenie rzeki Seybouse pozostaje nadal poważnych problemem, z którym powinny się zmierzyć lokalne władze.

20

Contamination and Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Dobczyce Reservoir and Its Tributaries – a Literature Review

Zemełka Gabriela

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 1

63--75

EN

Most transported particles released from a catchment area are deposited and accumulated in the sediment layers of water reservoirs. Along with mineral particles, contaminants originating from human activity and natural processes are added to such aquatic systems (e.g., heavy metals). This is an especially important issue when a reservoir is being used as a source of drinking water. The main aim of this study was the environmental risk assessment of the sediment in the Dobczyce Reservoir and two of its tributaries (the Raba River and Wolnica Stream) during the years of 2004–2007 and 2016, 2017. Substantial variations in heavy metals were found due to the land use and catchment management. The potential ecological risk showed an uneven distribution, and the overall ecological risk level ranged from low to moderate.

PL

Zbiornik wodny to obszar, na którym większość transportowanych cząstek uwalnianych ze zlewni osadza się i akumuluje w osadach dennych. Razem z cząstkami mineralnymi do ekosystemów wodnych przedostają się również inne zanieczyszczenia (np. metale ciężkie), które są efektem działalności antropogenicznej, a także procesów naturalnych. Jest to szczególnie niebezpieczne, gdy zbiornik używany jest jako źródło wody pitnej. Głównym celem tego badania była ocena zagrożenia środowiskowego w osadach dennych Zbiornika Dobczyckiego oraz jego dopływów: Raby i potoku Wolnica w różnych latach (odpowiednio 2004–2007, 2016, 2017). Stwierdzono, że różny sposób użytkowania i zagospodarowania zlewni miał wpływ na znaczne wahania stężeń metali ciężkich, a ocena zagrożenia środowiskowego wskazała zanieczyszczenie od niskiego do umiarkowanego.