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1

Metal pollution status and health risk assessment of beach sediments along the Mersin coast, Turkey

Özbay Özgür, Akçay Ismail

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 4

461--470

EN

In the present study, the ecological risk assessment of metal contamination in beach sediments along the Mersin coast was determined using the metal contents of beach sediments in Mersin, Kızkalesi, Susanoğlu and Taşucu region obtained between 2006 and 2009. Furthermore, the potential health risk assessment for ingestion and dermal contact pathways of adults and children was determined. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals showed that there is no pollution in the beach sediments for the metals Cu, Pb and Zn for the all studied coasts. However, the high ecological risk indices calculated in this study strongly suggested an apparent Cd, Cr and Ni pollution in the studied beach sediments due to natural and anthropogenic contamination. Study findings indicated the HI values were greater than 1 for the metal Cr. The TCR values were higher than 1.00E-04 for the metals Cr and Ni calculated for adults, and for the metal Cu, Cr and Ni calculated for children, respectively. All these findings showed that there is a high carcinogenic risk for adults and children resident in the Mersin province from carcinogenic Cr and Ni whilst the studied coasts have additional health risks to children from carcinogenic Cu.

2

Element-based ecological and human health risk assessment in a lagoon system in a densely populated basin

Aykir Dilek, Fural Şakir, Kükrer Serkan, Mutlu Yunus Emre

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 1

1--19

EN

This study analysed the ecological deterioration and health risk in sediment samples taken from Dalyan and Poyraz Lagoons in the Karacabey floodplain of Turkey, which is under pressure from agriculture, industry and settlement activities. Multi-element analyses were performed with ICP-MS on the surface and core sediment samples from the lagoons. Total organic carbon, chlorophyll degradation products and carbonate analyses were performed to determine the transport and illuviation dynamics of the elements. While Pb and Zn showed moderate enrichment at some sampling points, no enrichment of the other elements was detected. According to ecological risk analysis data, Cd and Hg posed a moderate ecological risk at some sampling points. The modified hazard quotient data indicated very high contamination of Ni, a high level of As contamination and significant Cr contamination. A carcinogenic health risk was detected from Ni, Cr and As due to the lithological characteristics of the basin. It was concluded that the lithological characteristics, the agricultural and mining activities carried out in the Susurluk Basin – which is drained by Koca Stream – and domestic and industrial waste contributed to the higher element concentrations in the Karacabey floodplain.

3

Control mechanisms on the reactive silicate fluxes by using on board resuspension experiments in the eutrophicated coastal environment

Özkan Ebru Y., Buyukisik Hasan B.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 3

343--365

EN

This study aims to differentiate bio-mediated and biogenic CO3-2precipitation or terrestrial CO3-2 input using on board incubation techniques, to investigate the effects of resuspension in the coastal environment and to increase our understanding of predicted relationships between silicate releases and other biogeochemical variables in resuspension events. Relationships between dark silicate flux and BSi, CO3-2, OrgC, Mn (manganese) according to the seasons were examined. The silica flux is controlled by the CaCO3 coating on the diatom skeletons due to the fact that diatom skeletonsact as crystallization nuclei in the calcite precipitation that is biologicallya ffected. The reduction in flux with BSi may be due to the reduction in thesurface areas of larger diatom species. The negative linear relationships observed between silica fluxes and CO3-2 is indicative of RSi fluxes constrainedby bio-mediated carbonate increase. Linear relationships which are the samein their slopes but differ in their intercepts, reveal the effect of the changein diatom size on silica flux. Smaller diatoms have more surface area perunit volume, meaning an increased silica flux. On the other hand, seeing different CO3-2 values at stations with the same orgC value have increased the confidence interval (CI) 95% in the linear relationship. The presence ofdifferent silica flux values in stations with the same carbonate value may beexplained both by different orgC values and by diatoms containing different group sizes. The silica flux is controlled by the CaCO3

4

An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment

Dowbysz Adriana M., Samsonowicz Mariola, Kukfisz Bożena

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

44--49

EN

Flame retardants (FRs) that have an adverse effect on human and the environment have been subject to regulation since 1972. However, FRs emerging as a replacement, are not proving to be fully environmentally safe. Water and sediment contamination by FRs, including organophosphorus (OPFRs) and novel brominated (NBFRs) ones, is a matter of major concern. Due to their common usage, many release sources, and relatively high mobility, they pose a threat to aquatic organisms and ecosystems. This review summarises studies on the OPFRs’, and NBFRs’ simultaneous occurrence in water and corresponding sediment. The main sources of occurrence and routes of entry of FRs into the environment are presented. The newest reports on the ecotoxicity of selected FRs had been summarised in order to bring the matter to attention. The research revealed that although great efforts had been made to study the occurrence of OPFRs and NBFRs in water and sediment separately, there is a lack of research on their occurrence in both media in the same area. Although major efforts have been made to study the ecotoxicity of OPFRs, there are some deficiencies for the NBFRs. Considering their relatively high ecotoxicity, further studies should be conducted on joint ecotoxicity, which may cause synergistic or antagonistic effects.

5

Study of the Variations in the Vertical and Horizontal Distribution of Heavy Sand Minerals in the Hilla River Sediments

Hameed Iman A., Rahman Haleema Abdul Jabbar Abdul, Anmar Alsaadi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

318--330

EN

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the Hilla River sediments on the heterogeneity of the distribution of heavy sand minerals for the fine and very fine sand classes as well as for the surface and subsurface layers. The results showed that the heavy sand minerals that were determined according to the specific gravity of each mineral and the specific gravity of the particles of minerals identified in the soils under study ranged between (2.5–4.5) and were divided into four groups in terms of the specific gravity. The first group included each of the minerals (Mica and Chlorite) of low specific gravity, while the second group contains (Pyroxene, Amphibole, Epidote Group). The third group includes minerals (Tourmaline and Garnet, Staurolite and Kyanite) and the two groups are classified as minerals of medium-specific gravity; in turn, the fourth group contains minerals of high specific gravity, namely (Zircon, Rutile and Opaques). As a result, the most important factors affecting the sedimentation, sorting and sedimentation processes are the conveyor’s speed, load capacity, the size of the separation particles and their specific gravity. The complete mismatch of the horizontal distribution of the minerals of one group is due to the varying ranges of the specific gravity of the minerals within the general range of specific gravity.

6

Spatial Dynamics of Microplastic Pollution in Water and Sediments of the Ciliwung River along with Conditions of Water Quality Field Parameters and Population Density

Mahendra Alloysius Pamurda Dhika, Pratama Mochamad Adhiraga, Moersidik Setyo Sarwanto, Rahmawati Suphia, Iresha Fajri Mulya

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

296--309

EN

Microplastics are emerging contaminants that degrade from textile plastic products, petroleum, and cosmetic equipment with sizes less than 5 mm. There are more than 70,000 settlements located along the Ciliwung River in DKI Jakarta that use the river water as a source of clean water. The most common type of waste found in the Ciliwung River to date is plastic waste, which can cause flooding and other disasters. The Ciliwung River can currently be found with microplastic pollution which has an impact on exposure to living things in the river, such as in case studies in the Ciliwung River estuary area. The problem is the exposure to 75% of blue panchax fish (Aplocheilus sp.) as many as 1.97 particles per fish with sizes of 300 to 500 μm. This research will focus on analyzing the dynamics of microplastic quantity in water and sediment of the Ciliwung River along with the correlation between field parameters and population density around the banks of the Ciliwung River. When viewed from the seven points that represent the Ciliwung River downstream to upstream in DKI Jakarta Province, the number of microplastics is in the range of 320–741 particles/L. For the dominating form, it can be analyzed that the majority of microplastic forms are fragments (97%), followed by fibers (2.9%) and pellets (0.1%). While in the sediment, the number of microplastics in the Ciliwung River sediment is in the range of 6560–10630 particles/kg. The population density factor has the highest correlation to the number of microplastics with a value of r = 0.702. This is associated between population density and high microplastic emission loads.

7

Pesticides in Small Agricultural Catchments in the Czech Republic

Konečná Jana, Zajíček Antonín, Sáňka Milan, Halešová Taťána, Kaplická Markéta, Nováková Eva

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

99--112

EN

Generally, pesticides are the products containing at least one chemical substance which should protect plant or plant products against pests/diseases. Among them, the most important ones are herbicides, followed by insecticides and fungicides. As a result of intensive agriculture techniques, large amounts of pesticides are applied on agricultural soil. They remain and degrade in soil, but they can enter water bodies and negatively affect water quality and the aquatic ecosystem. The article deals with the level of pesticide load in soil, bottom sediment and surface water in chosen agriculture catchments in the Czech Republic. Results revealed that the main general problem is glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, although their application has been constrained for several years. Furthermore, the difference in contents of chosen parent pesticide substances and their metabolites in soils and waters were pointed out.

8

Investigation of Microplastic Contamination in Sediments, Water and Aquatic Biota in Lake Beratan, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province – Indonesia

Watiniasih Ni Luh, Hendrawan I. Gede, Nuarsa I. Wayan, Wiradana Putu Angga

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

323--332

EN

Microplastics (MPs) has become a very serious global threat, especially to the health of animals, humans and the environment. In this study we aim to investigate the contamination of MPs in sediment, air, and aquatic biota collected from the waters of Lake Beratan in Bali Province, Indonesia. Lake Beratan is one of the strategic areas that continues to develop as a tourist destination, agriculture and fisheries, as well as a source of water for daily needs. Sediment, water, and aquatic biota samples were collected from 4 stations that represent the Beratan Lake area. Each sample obtained was then followed by the pre-treatment stage using 5 M NaCl solution. Furthermore, the extraction process for each sample used wet oxidation peroxidation (WPO) with the addition of Fe (II) catalyst. The highest average weight of MPs in the sediment samples was obtained at the 1st sampling point of 2.53% which was dominated by soft fragments. The percentage of MPs weight in the water samples was varied at each sampling point with the highest obtained at the 4th point of 99.2% and was dominated by hard-shaped fragments at all sampling points. The collected aquatic biota was also contaminated by MPs of 68% in fish and 36.40% in shrimp. The types of MPs found in the digestive tract of aquatic biota are in the form of fragments, filaments, films and foam. These results indicate that the aquatic environment of Lake Beratan, Bali has MPs content that varies in sediment, water and aquatic biota which are often consumed by the local community. This must be of particular concern and further investigation, especially regarding the environmental management of the lake area and the relevant authorities in formulating regulations to reduce the harmful effects of MPs contamination.

9

Bridge headwater afflux estimation using bootstrap resampling method

Kiraga Marta, Bajkowski Sławomir, Urbański Janusz

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 69, nr 1

21--37

EN

The bridge structure’s development causes a riverbed cross-sections contraction. This influences the flow regime, being visible during catastrophic floods. Then the flow velocity increases and water piles up upstream the bridge, where headwater afflux could be observed. These changes depend on the watercourse geometry and the bridge cross-section properties, especially on the degree of flow contraction under the bridge. Hydraulic conditions under the bridge depend on flow velocity, dimensions, and shape of abutments, the granulometric composition of bedload, which can be quantitatively characterized by hydraulic resistance coefficients. The research subject of headwater afflux is equated with the recognition of morphodynamic processes occurring along the passage route. The headwater afflux could be estimated by empirical formulas and by the energy method using Bernoulli’s law. Empirical methods are optimized by adopting various statistical criteria. This paper compares the headwater afflux values calculated using two existing empirical formulas, Rehbock and Yarnell, and compares them with the results of laboratory tests. Following the assumption that the free water surface is influenced by flow resistance, an attempt was made to include friction velocity in the empirical formulas. Based on the Authors’ database, the coefficients used were optimized using bootstrap resampling in Monte Carlo simulation. The analyses demonstrated that the formula best describing the phenomenon of headwater afflux upstream the bridge is an empirical formula built based on the historical Yarnell formula, which includes friction velocity value. The optimized equation provides an average relative error of 12.9% in relation to laboratory observations.

PL

Zabudowanie koryta rzeki filarami i przyczółkami mostu powoduje zwężenie jego przekroju. Wpływa to zmiany warunków przepływu, które widoczne są przede wszystkim podczas wezbrań katastrofalnych. Następuje wtedy zwiększenie prędkości przepływu oraz spiętrzenie wody przed mostem. Zmiany te zależą od geometrii koryta cieku oraz przekroju mostowego, a szczególnie stopnia zwężenia strumienia pod mostem. Warunki hydrauliczne pod mostem zależą od prędkości przepływu, wymiarów i kształtu podpór, składu granulometrycznego rumowiska, które scharakteryzować można ilościowo za pomocą współczynników oporów hydraulicznych. Tematyka badawcza spiętrzenia pod mostem stawiana jest na równi z rozpoznaniem procesów morfodynamicznych zachodzących na długości przeprawy. Spiętrzenie pod mostami określa się wzorami empirycznymi oraz metodą energetyczną wykorzystującą prawo Bernoulliego. Metody empiryczne optymalizuje się przyjmując różne kryteria statystyczne. W artykule porównano spiętrzenie pod mostem obliczone za pomocą dwóch znanych formuł empirycznych Rehbocka oraz Yarnella i porównano je z wynikami badań laboratoryjnych. Kierując się przesłanką, że na ukształtowanie swobodnego zwierciadła wody w rejonie mostu wpływają także opory przepływu, podjęto próbę włączenia prędkości dynamicznej do formuł empirycznych. Na podstawie własnej bazy danych współczynniki wykorzystanych formuł zoptymalizowano z użyciem metody bootstrap resampling w symulacji Monte Carlo. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że formułą najlepiej opisującą zjawisko spiętrzenia pod mostem jest formuła empiryczna zbudowana na podstawie historycznej formuły Yarnella. Uwzględniając w niej prędkość dynamiczną i optymalizując uzyskano średni błąd względny 12.9%. Taka wartość średniego błędu względnego potwierdza słuszność przyjętego podziału pola prędkości na odpływie. Stwierdzono, że metoda bootstrap resampling w symulacji Monte Carlo stanowi użyteczne narzędzie inżynierskie przy optymalizacji formuł w badaniach hydraulicznych. Szczególnie cennym elementem artykułu jest wykorzystywanie próby danych historycznych.

10

Identifcation of sediment–basement structure in West Papua province, Indonesia, using gravity and magnetic data inversion as an Earth’s crust stress indicator

Lewerissa Richard, Sismanto, Lapono Laura A. S.

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 1

209--226

EN

West Papua province in eastern Indonesia is positioned in a dynamic tectonic zone along with the collision of the Australian, Pacific, and Eurasian plates. The interaction resulted in the formation of strike-slip faults such as Koor, Sorong, Ransiki, and Yapen, that are prone to earthquakes in the region. The rocks of West Papua in the northern part are a contribution to the Pacific Ocean plate consisting of ophiolite and volcanic arcs of the archipelago, even while the rocks of the Australian plate in the southern part are dominated by quaternary and siliciclastic sedimentary. It has a wide variety of resources, including oil and gas. This study combines the interpretation of regional gravity and magnetic data derived from satellite observations to identify the subsurface structure of West Papua. This is performed since most studies were conducted on the surface and did not significantly focus on the subsurface. The composition of subsurface is determined through three-dimensional (3-D) unconstrained inversion modeling using the iterative reweighting inversion of regional gravity and magnetic anomalies as a function of density contrast and magnetic susceptibility of rocks. In depth variations, gravity inversion produces density contrast ranging from −0.348 to 0.451 gr/cm3 , whereas magnetic inversion provides rock susceptibility varying between −0.363 and 0.223 SI. Gravity and magnetic inversions characterize the subduction of the Pacific Ocean plate in the north, extensive intrusion of igneous rocks, and low density-susceptibility contrast in the Bintuni basin as a source of oil and natural gas. The boundary between the sediment layer and the basement is believed to be 15–20 km deep, with rocks from the uplifted mantle in the north and a Silur-Devon aged Kemum formation in the south.

11

Effects of anthropogenic activities on nutrient parameters in the North Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Bay of Sığacık/Aegean Sea)

Çulha Saniye Türk, Karaduman Fatma Rabia, Gündoğdu Ayşe, Barış Kamil Emre

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 2

189--202

EN

This study aims to examine the physicochemical parameters of seawater (temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, suspended particulate matter, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, and phosphate-phosphorus, burnable organic matter in the sediment), and possible effects of pollution in Sığacık Bay where different anthropogenic activities are carried out. Samples of surface seawater (0 m), bottom seawater (2 m), and sediment were collected monthly from four sampling sites between September 2013 and September 2014. Annual mean nutrient values were determined as 1.6 ± 0.14 μg.at.NH4+-N l-1, 0.1 ± 0.01 μg.at.NO2--N l-1, 0.8 ± 0.08 μg.at.NO3--N l-1, 0.7 ± 0.08 μg.at.PO43--P l-1, SPM 21.4 ± 0.33 mg l-1. The BOM content in the sediment was 5.6 ± 0.39%. As a result of the study, it was determined that Sığacık Bay was polluted by anthropogenic point and non-point source pollution. According to the water quality criteria, the bay was found to be in the group of polluted seawater in terms of phosphate phosphorus.

12

Combining multivariate statistical analysis to shed light on distribution and interaction of halogens in two economic ports along Red Sea Coast in Egypt

Zokm Gehan M. El, El-Said Ghada F., El Sayed Abeer A.M.

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (1)

103--106

EN

Mabahiss Bay and Safaga Bay are two important ports along the Red Sea coast of Egypt. The present study is the first to monitor halogen concentrations in these two ports. Certain halogens (F, Cl, Br and I) in coastal waters and sediments exhibited different behaviors. Fluoride (1.92–8.31 mg/L and 0.34–1.24 mg/g), chloride (20.76–22.68 g/L and 0.38–8.31 mg/g), bromide (95.90–151.84 mg/l and 6.66–50.61 mg/g), and iodide (2.77–39.19 μg/L and 1.71–3.76 μg/g) appeared in the seawater and sediments of Mabahiss Bay, respectively. In Safaga Bay, F, Cl, Br and I yielded ranges of (1.80–10.15 mg/L and 0.14–0.74 mg/g), (21.47–22.57 g/L and 0.68–1.42 mg/g), (15.98–146.51 mg/L and 6.13–74.59 mg/g) in seawater and sediments, respectively. In Mabashis Bay exclusively, the bromide and iodide levels in seawater increased significantly, and the sediments were vice versa. The average fluoride value in the two ports' seawater was higher than that in the unpolluted Mediterranean Sea. In contrast, the average bromide content in Mabahiss Bay seawater exceeded the Mediterranean Sea level. The seawater chloride content of the two ports was within the Mediterranean seawater's value, but the iodide concentration was lower than that of the unpolluted seawater. The application of different multivariate statistical techniques showed that halogen's distribution and halogen's geochemical characteristics control interaction in each region, ground flux, and proximity to human sources.

13

Importance of river sediments in soil fertility

Kaletova Tatiana, Arifjanov Aybek, Samiev Luqmon, Babajanov Farrukh

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

21--26

EN

Article deals with a fractional and chemical composition of sediments from the sediment reservoir in Ilyash village, Ferghana region, Uzbekistan (Syr Darya river basin) and analyses their feasibility. As a key factor in the study of this process was considered the fractional and agrochemical composition of sediments moving with water in the sediment reservoir, and the change of their share in the water along the length of the reservoir. The main composition of the sediments in reservoir consists of fractions >0.25 and 0.25–0.01 mm, with the average fraction of 69% in the inlet and 60% in the outlet. The river sediments are rich in minerals important for the irrigated cropland. Based on the results we conclude that it is possible to regulate the number of chemical compounds in the water by controlling the exploitation regime of reservoir and the sedimentation process in it.

14

Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Inaouene Watershed Upstream the Idriss 1st Dam, Northern Morocco

Laaraj Marouane, Mesnage Valerie, Nabih Soumaya, Mliyeh Mohammed Mouad, Lahmidi Ikram, Benaabidate Lahcen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

157--170

EN

In order to evaluate the degree of sediment contamination by metallic trace elements in the watershed of Oued Inaouene (North-East of Morocco), samples of surface sediments were taken along the river and at the level of the Idriss 1st dam. The objective was to obtain thorough knowledge of the environment (metallic element content, organic matter content, granulometry, and pH, EC, CaCO3 content) in order to identify the degree of pollution in these sediments. The results of analysis have highlighted a contamination accentuated by Ba, Sr, P, Cu, Pb, In fact, this element is present at very high levels, with a maximum content ppm for the samples taken upstream of Oued Inaouene. This increase is related to the physicochemical conditions of the environment, despite the diversity of sources of pollutants. The analysis of hazardous heavy metals showed the values under the detection limits. The qualitative study allowed to identifying the source of contamination, it is an anthropogenic source related to the discharges of cities in vicinity of Oued Inaouene, and natural considered as the main source of pollution by trace elements of sediments that constitute an important reserve of pollutants in the environment.

15

Mercury and methylmercury in Baltic Sea sediments, and Polish and Lithuanian soils

Ignatavičius Gytautas, Unsal Murat H., Busher Peter E., Wołkowicz Stanisław, Satkūnas Jonas, Valskys Vaidotas

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 3

art. no. 22

EN

We review the current environmental pollution by mercury in the soils of Poland and Lithuania and in the sediments of the Baltic Sea. Mercury is documented to have many negative impacts on the environment as a toxic trace element. In many different chemical forms, it is being released into the environment by both geogenic and anthropogenic activities, with most being released from anthropogenic sources. Methylmercury is considered one of the most toxic forms found in the environment. Mercury levels in sediment and various point sources increased after World War II in the Baltic Sea, which was used as a dumpsite. Previous studies show noticeable differences in total mercury in the Baltic Sea. In the Warta and Odra rivers in Poland, mercury levels are also higher than the background value, though recent findings suggest that river sediments are not the main source of mercury to marine sediments. Concentrations in soils in Poland and Lithuania were below the level of limit values (1 and 1.5 mg/kg-1 respectively), but Upper Silesia showed concentrations (up to 4.01 mg · kg-1) above the limit values. Furthermore, between 1992 and 2006, mercury levels in Wroc³aw dropped dramatically. The dominant trees in the area can affect mercury accumulation. No data were available for comparison with the soils in Estonia and Latvia.

16

Estimation of settling velocity using generalized reduced gradient (GRG) and hybrid generalized reduced gradient–genetic algorithm (hybrid GRG GA)

Shivashankar M., Pandey Manish, Zakwan Mohammad

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 5

2487--2497

EN

This study describes the settling velocity phenomenon and deals with the methods for its estimation. The accuracy of three previously proposed settling velocity equations is also checked in this study. After graphical and statistical analysis, the authors proposed generalized reduced gradient (GRG) and hybrid generalized reduced gradient–genetic algorithm (hybrid GRG-GA) approaches for the estimation of settling velocity. Hybrid GRG-GA-based settling velocity approach showed more precise results than GRG approach. In addition, hybrid GRG-GA and GRG approaches were compared with previously proposed equations using 226 data points. The graphical and statistical analysis shows that the hybrid GRG-GA and GRG approaches give better agreement with observed data points as compared to previously proposed equations. Application of hybrid GRG-GA reduces the sum of square of error in fall velocity by over 70% and 30% on an average as compared to previous equations during training and testing, respectively. This study highlights that the hybrid GRG-GA approach could be efficiently used for calculating the settling velocity.

17

Innowacyjne rozwiązanie hydromechanicznego czyszczenia osadników wód dołowych w podziemnych wyrobiskach górniczych

Biel Bronisław

Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering

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2021

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R. 59, nr 4

26--30

PL

W kopalniach podziemnych woda pochodząca z naturalnych dopływów oraz woda technologiczna pochodząca głównie z sieci rurociągów przeciwpożarowych gromadzona jest w osadnikach znajdujących się najczęściej na najniższym poziomie kopalni. Zwykle jest to woda zanieczyszczona mechanicznie. Gromadzenie się osadu odbywa się na zasadzie sedymentacji. W artykule przedstawiono metodę oczyszczania osadników wód kopalnianych opartą na zasadzie hydrourabiania i hydrotransportu oraz sposób segregacji na część stałą, czyli osad, i wodę. Konsystencja otrzymanego osadu pozwala na jego transport, np. za pomocą przenośnika, a woda może być ponownie wykorzystana w procesie hydrourabiania osadu. Do tego celu stosuje się urządzenia z serii ZEKO.

EN

In mines, water from natural inflows as well as process water from fire protection systems is usually stored in sedimentation tanks, located primarily at the lowest level of the mine. Such water usually contains mechanical contaminants, undergoing the process of sedimentation. The article presents a method enabling the cleaning of mine water sedimentation tanks. The method involves jet mining, hydrotransport and segregation into sediment (i.e. the solid fraction) and water. The consistence of sediment obtained after segregation makes the former transportable (e.g. using an appropriate conveyor/feeder), whereas water can be reused subsequently in the jet mining of sediment. One of the solutions enabling the performance of the above-named process is a ZEKO series system

18

Innovative hydromechanical cleaning of mine water sedimentation tanks in underground headings

Biel Bronisław

Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering

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2021

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R. 59, nr 4

21--25

EN

In mines, water from natural inflows as well as process water from fire protection systems is usually stored in sedimentation tanks, located primarily at the lowest level of the mine. Such water usually contains mechanical contaminants, undergoing the process of sedimentation. The article presents a method enabling the cleaning of mine water sedimentation tanks. The method involves jet mining, hydrotransport and segregation into sediment (i.e. the solid fraction) and water. The consistence of sediment obtained after segregation makes the former transportable (e.g. using an appropriate conveyor/feeder), whereas water can be reused subsequently in the jet mining of sediment. One of the solutions enabling the performance of the above-named process is a ZEKO series system.

PL

W kopalniach podziemnych woda pochodząca z naturalnych dopływów oraz woda technologiczna pochodząca głównie z sieci rurociągów przeciwpożarowych gromadzona jest w osadnikach znajdujących się najczęściej na najniższym poziomie kopalni. Zwykle jest to woda zanieczyszczona mechanicznie. Gromadzenie się osadu odbywa się na zasadzie sedymentacji. W artykule przedstawiono metodę oczyszczania osadników wód kopalnianych opartą na zasadzie hydrourabiania i hydrotransportu oraz sposób segregacji na część stałą, czyli osad, i wodę. Konsystencja otrzymanego osadu pozwala na jego transport, np. za pomocą przenośnika, a woda może być ponownie wykorzystana w procesie hydrourabiania osadu. Do tego celu stosuje się urządzenia z serii ZEKO.

19

The Ability of Mangrove Plant on Lead Phytoremediation at Wonorejo Estuary, Surabaya, Indonesia

Luthansa Uridna Marwah, Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning, Pratikno Herman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

253--268

EN

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal often discovered to be polluting the water areas. One of the efforts made to overcome the heavy metal pollution in estuaries was phytoremediation technique using mangroves. The Wonorejo River was one of the rivers that received industrial waste loads. There were various types of mangrove plant species at the estuary of the Wonorejo River. The location of this research was divided into 3 monitoring stations (A, B, C). Station A was directly adjacent to the estuary, as location C was farther away and very close to the sea. However, station B was located between location A and B. This study aimed to determine the ability of mangrove in remediating and illustrating the distribution of Pb, at the Wonorejo River estuary. Moreover, it also aimed to determine the values of Bioconcentration (BCF) and Translocation (TF) Factors in the ability of Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia caseolaris, Avicennia lanata, and Rhizophora stylosa to accumulate Pb. The samples were the roots, stems, and leaves of mangroves, with the water and sediment at the Wonorejo estuary, as all solid materials were also extracted. The samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentration, using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the highest average Pb concentration for waters and sediments was obtained at station C and A, with values of 0.069 mg/L and 4.22 mg/kg, respectively. It was further observed that the Pb concentration in the water was lower than in sediment, indicating that the metal was accumulated in the sediments. On the basis of the BCF value, the most effective mangrove involved in the accumulation of Pb was A. alba. The highest values of TF for both root to stems and to leaves in the accumulation of Pb was also discovered in A. lanata and A. alba mangroves, respectively. On the basis of the Pb distribution mapping, the concentration of the metal was shown to increased, as the research location moved further away from the estuary. Conclusively, each type of mangrove had different ability to accumulate and translocate Pb in its body, with the potential of using those plants as phytoremediaton agents for the metal.

20

State Diagnosis of Macrozoobenthic Biodiversity in the Intertidal Zone of the Sandy Coast of Taghazout (Southwestern of Morocco)

Haddad Mohamed Ben, Lamine Imane, Moukrim Abdellatif, Bergayou Hafida, Abou Oualid Jaouad, Ait Alla Aicha

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 4

126--137

EN

The present work is a part of the impact study of the tourist resort "Taghazout Bay" installation on the coast of Taghazout (North of the Agadir bay). The purpose of this study was to assess the initial state of the macrozoobenthic structure present in the intertidal sands at the three study stations over the 2016 and 2017 seasons. The biological approach was accompanied by the study of some physico-chemical parameters of the seawater (temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen) and the study of the sediment (grading structure, classification, and contents in organic matter). PCA analysis identified a perfect correlation between the physico-chemical parameters. The sediment contains three grading classes only (medium sand, fine sand, and very fine sand), very well classified with normal proportions of organic matter. The study of intertidal benthic macrofauna of the sandy substrate shows ten species and spatiotemporal variations with a clear dominance of the Donax trunculus bivalve species. The authors noticed – from the DIMO model – that the variation profile of the spring and summer (2016 and 2017) shows a community dynamics called "Diversity type". In winter and in autumn, they are known as the "Evenness type". The rank-frequency diagram explains that the benthic community of Taghazout sandy coast exists in the stage "Pioneer 1". The ascending hierarchical clustering gave three logical gatherings of seasons. The faunistic structure of this benthic community revealed the M>C>P shape. The authors also noticed that there is diversity in regimes in this ecosystem.