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1
Content available remote Satelity teledetekcyjne odwracające wzork
2
Content available remote Nasze plejady
EN
This paper describes a plan and a procedure to introduce a course on satellite remote sensing to the curriculum of the engineering faculties of Gdynia Maritime University in Gdynia, Poland. This topic is not presently taught at the university and with the move of the Polish Space Agency to Gdańsk, nearby Gdynia, it would be useful to have remote sensing as a topic in the university curriculum for different degree programs. This plan began with the Fulbright Foundation that funded a 5-week visit of a U.S. remote sensing specialist to give orientation lectures to the faculty and students at the university. From this visit a plan was developed on how to present specific topics in remote sensing while the faculty determined how the subject should be introduced into different fields of study.
PL
Polskiej Agencji Kosmicznej w Gdańsku wydaje się, że korzystne byłoby wprowadzenie do oferty dydaktycznej Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni również tematyki telemetrii satelitarnej – na różnych kierunkach i rodzajach studiów (w mniejszym lub większym zakresie). Prace nad przedstawioną tutaj propozycją zaczęły się od wizyty w Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni stypendysty Fundacji im. Fulbrighta z USA, wybitnego specjalisty w zakresie telemetrii satelitarnej. W czasie pięciotygodniowego pobytu w Gdyni wygłosił on szereg wykładów z powyższej tematyki. W tym czasie powstały także zręby omawianej tutaj propozycji, które później zostały uszczegółowione i dopracowane.
4
Content available remote An optimized TRIAD algorithm for attitude determination
EN
The classic TRIAD was used to obtain the attitude of air vehicles. However, the accuracy was dominated by the sensor noise and the calculation order. To improve that in this paper, a new method based on weighting the vectors summation and difference was proposed. Then both simulation and experiment verified the advantages of the optimized algorithm.
EN
Studies of sublimation of complex ices prepared by deposition of gaseous CO, CH4, N2, and NH3 molecules on a cold plate have been performed. The low pressure and low temperature system was used: 10−9–10−5 mbar and the lowermost temperature 10 K. Diagnostic of composition of evaporates (at an actual temperature) was done by means of the mass spectrometer. The latter allowed following simultaneously the partial pressure of five different ions or radicals escaping from the substrate. It has been found that highly volatile molecules that were used simultaneously with the low volatile ones to form the complex ices (mixtures or clathrates) present a different sublimation pattern than the sublimation of pure high-volatile ices. In particular, the high-volatile component sublimes at two or even three different temperature regimes: At low temperature that is typical for sublimation of this component, as well as at much higher temperatures. This effect seems to be important when degassing and outbursts from cometary nuclei are considered. It can be also important for modeling of cryovolcanic processes on the icy satellites.
EN
In December of 2009 the total number of active civil remote sensing satellites was 130. One of the largest group were multitask land observation remote sensing satellites (49 missions), providing data employed in majority of Earth Sciences and applied in spatial databases. Currently many new remote sensing missions are in preparation. The 103 of them will start in 2010 – 2015 and 24 in 2016 – 2025 period. The aim of this research was to analyse the possibilities of employment of the new remote sensing data to produce spatial data, and to investigate the suitability of usage of this data. To achieve these goals, it was necessary to classify the types of remote sensing data. The next step was the analysis of the possibility of production thematic information for supplying spatial databases. The investigations allowed to identify the new trends concerning the design of new remote sensing missions and enabled to estimate the possibilities of employment of remote sensing data to produce spatial data, as well as to estimate the opportunities to use them for supplying spatial databases.
7
Content available remote Self-phase modulation of temporary overlapped chirped pulses.
EN
A self-phase modulation at amplification of temporary overlapped chirped, pulses is investigated. The analytical and numerical calculations are used to predict the effects of prepulse intensity increasing and additional satellites arising after recompression as well as the effects of spectrum broadening and shape distortion of the pulses. The experimental results are presented that agree well with the calculations.
EN
To date, practically all spacecraft development programmes have followed a trend of ever increasing size, complexity, mass and cost. Today's missions may typically result in a spacecraft which has a mass at launch of the order of 10000 kg and a cost of around $150 million. Over the past ten years the emergence of the 'small satellite', with a mass of less than 1000 kg, has in part, reversed this trend, albeit whilst in many cases, employing the same design and manufacturing approach used for their conventional counterparts. Both conventional and small satellites have design and manufacture implications resulting from the conflicting low production quantities and high reliability requirements. Even series satellites tend to undergo significant redesign work for particular mission requirements resulting in the retention of high costs. Attempts to lower costs to date have centred on the use of modularity and 'off-the-shelf designs, which have had some success, particularly in the arena of small satellites. Proposals for new spacecraft applications, such as global mobile communications, require the use of satellite constellations. The size of a constellation is dependant upon its application, however present concepts range from 20 to 850 satellites . Many of these proposals suggest the use of existing spacecraft development methods. However, other methods, not currently associated with spacecraft design, may lead to significant cost reductions, whilst maintaining a sufficiently high level of reliability and redundancy. Two programmes which have already tried to adopt some of these methods are Iridium2 and Globalstar2, which will borrow ideas from the automobile industry in the manufacture of the 72 and 56 satellites (including in-orbit spares) required for the respective constellations. This paper will outline some of these new methods, describing factors which will be of primary importance in the future development of constellation satellites if an entirely new low cost approach is to be developed. These include the impact and importance that computer aided engineering will have across the manufacturing activities, embracing design, production, simulation and test. as well as integration and testing procedures, component classification and even configuration control.
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