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EN
Perhaps the most critical challenge faced during drilling operations is related to the stability of the well. Additionally, drilling mud plays a crucial role in wellbore stability, as one of its main uses is to support the wellbore wall during the drilling operation. However, ignorance of the effects of drilling mud on the mechanical properties of rock formation can also lead to well failure. The stability of the wellbore is also influenced by pore pressure during the drilling process. The analysis of changes in rock poroelastic parameters after drilling mud saturation was found to be useful regarding the abovementioned issues. Therefore, the measurement of the dynamic Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Biot’s coefficient of sandstone samples was carried out to determine their trends of variations with confining pressure in different conditions such as dry, water and drilling mud filtrate saturation. The findings indicate that both the dynamic Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio of the sandstone rock increased after saturation with water and drilling mud filtrate, while the Biot’s coefficient was reduced. Furthermore, the velocity of the P wave, the dynamic Young’s modulus and the dynamic Poisson’s ratio of the sandstone rock were proportional to the confining pressure, while the Biot’s coefficient were inversely proportional to the confining pressure. The results imply that effective stress calculation can be influenced by changes in poroelastic parameters established from geophysical measurements, and risk management of wellbore stability stability was increased.
EN
Hydraulic fracturing treatments of shale gas reservoirs is pumping process in which millions of gallons of fracturing fluids mixed with proppant materials and thickening agents are pumped into the target shale formation. Fluids are used to create the fractures in the formation and to carry a propping agent which is deposited in the induced fractures to keep them from closing up. Type and percentage of chemical additives that used in a typical fracture treatment varies depending on the conditions of well being fractured. A series of chemical additives are selected to impart a predictable set of properties of the fluid, including viscosity, friction, formation-compatibility, and fluid-loss control. Each component in fracturing fluids serves a specific, engineered purpose and geological structure of rock. The properties of fracturing fluid are very important in the creation and propagation of the fracture. For suc-cessful stimulation fracturing fluid mustto have certain chemical and physical properties. Study of the properties fracturing fluids has ahuge role inthe processes of shale gas extraction. In scientific literature indicates that hydraulic fracturing fluid performance became a prevalent research topic in the late 1980s and the 1990s. The majority of literature pertaining to fracturing fluids related to their operational efficiency and classification. Some of the existing literature offer information regarding the basic chemical components present in most of these fluids. This paper will discuss types of fracturing fluids and it components that may be used for hydraulic fracturing. Comprehensive history of the evolution of hydraulic fracturing fluids in the oil and gas industry plays a significant part in research. This work summarizes requests for fracturing fluids. In addition, this paper shows effect of rock mechanical properties on fracturing fluid selection.
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